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Topic: Cardiac muscle

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List of muscles of the human body

Smooth muscle

Muscular system

Muscle

Skeletal muscle

Muscle fiber

Buccinator muscle

Myofibril

Troponin

Cardiac pacemaker

Sarcomere

Heart

Organ (anatomy)

Transitional epithelium

Autonomic nervous system

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	muscle. The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. 2001-05
		Muscle tissue in the higher animals is classified as striated, smooth, or cardiac, according to its structure and function.
		The contractions of cardiac muscle are stimulated by a special clump of muscle tissue located on the heart (the pacemaker), although the rate of contractions is subject to regulation by the autonomic nervous system.
		Skeletal muscles are attached (with some exceptions, such as the muscles of the tongue and pharynx) to the skeleton by means of tendons, usually in pairs that pull in opposite directions, e.g., the biceps (flexor) and triceps (extensor) that move the forearm at the elbow.
	www.bartleby.com /65/mu/muscle.html (559 words)

	Muscle Tissue
		Muscle is a very specialized tissue that has both the ability to contract and the ability to conduct electrical impulses.
		Muscles are are classified both functionally as either voluntary or involuntary and structurally as either striated or smooth.
		Cardiac muscle is similar to skeletal muscle in that it is striated and multinucleate, and similar to smooth muscle in that the nuclei are centrally located and many cells are required to span the length of the muscle.
	www.uoguelph.ca /zoology/devobio/210labs/muscle1.html (710 words)

	Blue Histology - Muscle
		The muscle surrounding the upper one-third of the oesophagus is skeletal muscle.
		In contrast to skeletal muscle cells, cardiac muscle cells often branch at acute angles and are connected to each other by specialisations of the cell membrane in the region of the intercalated discs.
		Intercalated discs invariably occur at the ends of cardiac muscle cells in a region corresponding to the Z-line of the myofibrils (the last Z-line of the myofibril within the cell is "replaced" by the intercalated disk of the cell membrane).
	www.lab.anhb.uwa.edu.au /mb140/CorePages/Muscle/Muscle.htm (3429 words)

	Muscle - MSN Encarta
		Muscle, tissue or organ of the animal body characterized by the ability to contract, usually in response to a stimulus from the nervous system.
		The basic unit of all muscle is the myofibril, a minute, threadlike structure composed of complex proteins.
		Skeletal muscle is supplied with nerves from the central nervous system, and because it is partly under conscious control, it is also called voluntary muscle.
	encarta.msn.com /encyclopedia_761553270/Muscle.html (411 words)

	Muscular System / Structure of Skeletal Muscle
		Smooth muscle, found in the walls of the hollow internal organs such as blood vessels, the gastrointestinal tract, bladder, and uterus, is under control of the autonomic nervous system.
		Cardiac muscle, found in the walls of the heart, is also under control of the autonomic nervous system.
		The contraction of cardiac muscle is involuntary, strong, and rhythmical.
	training.seer.cancer.gov /module_anatomy/unit4_3_muscle_types.html (201 words)

	Muscle
		Cardiac muscle which is found in the wall of the heart.
		The muscle coats of the intestinal wall are arranged in an inner circular layer (nearest the columnar epithelium) around the lumen of the intestine, and an outer longitudinal layer.
		surrounding the various muscle fascicles is the perimysium and the connective tissue on one side of the section, continuous with that over the outer surface of the bone, is the epimysium, the sheath of the entire muscle.
	ect.downstate.edu /courseware/histomanual/muscle.html (786 words)

	Cardiac muscle
		Cardiac muscle cells are cylindrical cells whose ends branch and form junctions with other cardiac muscle cells.
		In the connective tissue between cardiac muscle cells are nuclei of other cells such as fibroblasts and endothelial cells of capillaries.
		Cardiac muscle cells contain myofibrils whose sarcomeres are more or less aligned, however the striations of a cardiac muscle cell are much fainter than the striations visible in a skeletal muscle cell.
	www.pc.ctc.edu /hart/cardiova/cardiac.html (252 words)

	Muscle
		Cardiac muscle cells are innervated by the autonomic nervous system and, unlike skeletal muscle, their contraction is not under voluntary control.
		Smooth muscle is not striated because actin and myosin filaments are not arranged in the tight, parallel bundles seen in skeletal and cardiac muscle.
		Smooth muscle is found in the walls of blood vessels, and hollow viscera such as the gut (and other gastrointestinal organs), bladder, ureter, uterus, and bronchi.
	medinfo.ufl.edu /pa/chuck/summer/handouts/muscle.htm (854 words)

	Cardiac Muscle
		Cardiac muscles are the muscles of the heart.
		Some of the cardiac muscle cells are auto-rhythmic, i.e they contract even in the absence of neuronal innervation (known as pacemaker cells).
		Depolarisation of cardiac muscle cells differs from that of other muscle cells.Repolarisation takes much longer to occur and thus cells cannot be stimulated at high frequency.
	www.ucl.ac.uk /~sjjgsca/MuscleCardiac.html (147 words)

	muscle
		The diagram illustrates skeletal muscles on the posterior aspect of the thigh, biceps femoris, semimembranosous, and semitendinosis.
		Cardiac muscle is found only in the walls of the heart.
		The microscopic anatomy of smooth muscle differs from skeletal muscle as slower contraction is needed in the gut wall.
	www.wv-hsta.org /event/muscle.htm (128 words)

	SIU SOM Histology SSB
		In contrast, cardiac muscle (which like skeletal muscle is also striated) and smooth muscle both consist of single, discrete cellular units, each with its own nucleus.
		Each muscle spindle consists of an encapsulated cluster of small striated muscle fibers ("intrafusal muscle fibers") with somewhat unusual structure (e.g., nuclei may be concentrated in a cluster near the middle of the fiber's length).
		Muscle fiber atrophy in ALS (amyotrophic lateral sclerosis) is illustrated at WebPath.
	www.siumed.edu /~dking2/ssb/muscle.htm (1908 words)

	Muscles
		Striped muscle is the muscle (or meat) on you legs arms etc., you have direct control over these muscles and can make almost any movements which you want to.
		These muscles are also found in your face and jaws, so they are used when you smile or frown and when you talk, eat or drink.
		A pair of muscles, the biceps and triceps, are used to bend and straighten the elbow.
	www.purchon.com /biology/muscles.htm (791 words)

	Cardiac muscle - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Cardiac muscle exhibits cross striations formed by alternation segments of thick and thin protein filaments which are anchored by segments called Z-lines.
		The actin filaments are thin causing the lighter appearance of the I bands in muscle, while myosin is thicker and darker lending a darker appearance to the alternating A bands in cardiac muscle as observed by a light enhanced microscope.
		Skeletal muscle cells are multinucleated from the fusion of muscle cells and smooth muscle cells are strictly mononucleated, and cardiac muscle cells are mononucleated in humans.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Cardiac_muscle (801 words)

	MUSCLE
		Muscle tissue is a composite tissue which is composed of (1) muscle cells, specialized for contraction, (2) connective tissue, (3) nerve fibers and (4) blood vessels.
		All three types of muscles are wrapped by fibroconnective tissue, which maintains the structural integrity and carries the associated blood vessels and nerve fibers.
		The cardiac muscle of the heart is surrounded on the outside by a thick layer of fibroelastic connective tissue, the epicardium.
	lifesci.rutgers.edu /~babiarz/muscle.htm (574 words)

	heartmuscleu3
		As in skeletal muscle, 1 molecule of ATP has to be hydrolyzed per 2 molecules of Ca that are pumped against a large concentration gradient into the lumen of the SR.
		In contrast, the SR of cardiac muscle is rather sparse and less organized, and surrounded with T-tubules of much larger diameter.
		In general the structure of the cardiac cell is consistent with a larger role of the transsarcolemmal Ca fluxes.
	www.uic.edu /classes/phyb/phyb516/heartmuscleu3.htm (4611 words)

	Sudden Cardiac Death Glossary of Terms with Definitions on MedicineNet.com
		The heart muscle, or cardiac muscle, is medically called the myocardium ("myo-" being the prefix denoting muscle).
		Muscle: Muscle is the tissue of the body which primarily functions as a source of power.
		Muscle which is responsible for moving extremities and external areas of the body is called "skeletal muscle." Heart muscle is called "cardiac muscle." Muscle that is in the walls of arteries and bowel is called "smooth muscle."
	www.medicinenet.com /sudden_cardiac_death/glossary.htm (2478 words)

	Muscle tissue (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-07)
		Smooth muscle forms the muscle layers in the walls of hollow organs such as the digestive tract (lower part of the oesophagus, stomach and intestines), the walls of the bladder, the uterus, various ducts of glands and the walls of blood vessels.
		Cardiac muscle differ from striated muscle in the following aspects: they are shorter, the striations are not so obvious, the sarcolemma is thinner and not clearly discernible, there is only one nucleus present in the centre of each cardiac fibre and adjacent fibres branch but are linked to each other by so-called muscle bridges.
		Cardiac muscle tissue plays the most important role in the contraction of the atria and ventricles of the heart.
	www.botany.uwc.ac.za /sci_ed/grade10/mammal/muscle.htm (764 words)

	Your Multitalented Muscles
		Muscles are all made of the same material, a type of elastic tissue (sort of like the material in a rubber band).
		Smooth muscles are sometimes also called involuntary muscles and they are usually in sheets, or layers, with one layer of muscle behind the other.
		Muscles in your neck and the top part of your back aren't as large, but they are capable of some pretty amazing things: Try rotating your head around, back and forth, and up and down to feel the power of the muscles in your neck.
	kidshealth.org /kid/body/muscles_noSW.html (1120 words)

	Arrangement of Cardiac Muscle
		Characteristic of cardiac muscle are intercalated discs and branched striated cells.
		The centrally located nucleus of the cardiac muscle cell may not be seen if the section is made at either pole of the cell, missing the nucleus.
		On this composite slide of the three types of human and mammalian muscle find the section of cardiac muscle and compare it with the section of skeletal muscle.
	www3.umdnj.edu /histsweb/lab6/cardiacmuscle/cmarrangement.html (497 words)

	cardiac muscle (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-07)
		the bulk of the heart is composed of cardiac muscle
		the cells of cardiac muscle are striated and joined together end to end at special junctions called intercalated discs
		the cells of cardiac muscle may have more than one nucleus which can be found anywhere in the cell
	www.vet.purdue.edu /vtdl/bms_115/muscle/cardiac.htm (57 words)

	Muscle - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Skeletal muscle or "voluntary muscle" is anchored by tendons to bone and is used to affect skeletal movement such as locomotion and in maintaining posture.
		Cardiac muscle on the other hand, can readily consume any of the three macronutrients (protein, glucose and fat) without a 'warm up' period and always extracts the maximum ATP yield from any molecule involved.
		The anaerobic energy delivery system uses predominantly Type II muscle fibers, or (fast-twitch) muscle fibers, rely mainly on ATP or glucose for fuel, consume relatively little oxygen, protein and fat, produces larger amounts of lactic acid and can not be sustained for as long a period as aerobic exercise.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Muscle (3060 words)

	2740 MUSCLE HISTOLOGY
		Smooth muscle cells are spindle shaped and uninucleate.
		Cardiac muscle cells branch, are striated, are uninucleate (B) and have intercalated discs (A).
		Skeletal muscles (C) are stimulated by nerve impulses carried by motor neurons.
	www.unomaha.edu /hpa/2740musclehistology.html (271 words)

	Cardiac
		Although cardiac muscle is striated like skeletal muscle, the striations are not so readily apparent.
		Cardiac muscle cells are short, branched and interconnected.
		Cardiac muscle cells are joined end-to-end at specialized junctional zones called intercalated discs [pointed to by the
	bioweb.uwlax.edu /aplab/Table_of_Contents/Lab_10/Cardiac/cardiac.html (107 words)

	Cardiac Muscles- I
		The muscle in the myocardium is neither of smooth nor of skeletal type.
		It is a special type of muscle found only in the heart and is called cardiac muscle.
		Ends of cardiac muscle fibers are thrown into many folds and form intercalated discs.
	www.suite101.com /article.cfm/our_beautiful_bodies/102869 (474 words)

	Cytokinetics Cardiac Muscle
		Cardiac contractility is driven by a protein machine that consists of a nearly crystalline array of closely packed cytoskeletal proteins organized into a structure called the sarcomere.
		In congestive heart failure, normal cardiac contractility is impaired resulting in a slow progressive worsening of cardiac function.
		Current agents that improve cardiac contractility work through second messenger systems, but suffer from mechanistic related liabilities that limit their clinical use.
	www.cytokinetics.com /cyto/cardiac_muscle (123 words)

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