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Topic: Cardiac pacing

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Artificial pacemaker

Electrocardiogram

Electrical conduction system of the heart

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	Critical Care Nurse: Mastering temporary invasive cardiac pacing (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Invasive electrical pacing is used to initiate myocardial contractions when intrinsic stimulation is insufficient, the native impulses are not being conducted, or the heart rate is too slow to maintain an adequate cardiac output.
		Pacing electrodes are routinely inserted during certain cardiac surgical procedures such as bypass grafting and valve repair or replacement.
		The pacing generator is connected to 1 to 4 pacing wires and may or may not require a connecting cable between the wires and the generator.
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_m0NUC/is_3_24/ai_n6168988 (1343 words)

	Topics in Depth : ep-history (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		The commonly recognized mechanisms of cardiac arrest are ventricular standstill and ventricular fibrillation; standstill is the usual cause.
		In a compilation of 1200 cases of cardiac arrest, the occurrence of standstill was 88 percent.
		The NTP was especially useful in 25 patients with complications or contraindications to endocardial pacing and in 57 patients in whom insertion of an endocardial electrode was avoided.
	www.hrsonline.org /ep-history/topics_in_depth/topics/zollwork.asp (3312 words)

	Cardiac pacing for severe childhood neurally mediated syncope with reflex anoxic seizures -- McLeod et al. 82 (6): 721 ...
		Cardiac pacing for severe childhood neurally mediated syncope with reflex anoxic seizures -- McLeod et al.
		Cardiac pacing for severe childhood neurally mediated syncope with reflex anoxic seizures
		syncope secondary to cardiac asystole in response to a noxious
	heart.bmjjournals.com /cgi/content/full/82/6/721 (2682 words)

	Pacing Mode Doesn't Affect Outcomes in High-Grade AV Block - CME Teaching Brief - MedPage Today
		The investigators compared cardiac pacing modes in 2,021 patients age 70 or older and found that the mode did not make a difference in mortality during the first five years from pacemaker implantation or in the incidence of other cardiovascular events during the first three years.
		Dual-chamber pacing is generally considered to offer a clinical advantage over single-chamber pacing for the treatment of AV block, because the former pacing mode, by restoring atrioventricular synchrony and matching the rate of ventricular pacing to the sinus rate, comes closer to the real thing.
		Dual-chamber pacing tends to be used more frequently in younger patients with fewer co-existing illnesses than in older patients, the authors noted, making it difficult to determine whether elderly patients might also benefit from implantation of a two-chamber device.
	www.cnn.com /medpage/Cardiology/Arrhythmias/tb/1352 (923 words)

	Pacemakers
		Pacing can be used to either "speed up" the rhythm associated with bradydysrhythmias or "slow down" the rate of a rapid supraventricular or ventricular rhythm.
		Cardiac pacing may be necessary if persistent second degree AV block or complete heart block follows an acute MI.
		In the epicardial route the pacing electrodes are sewn or otherwise fixed directly to the epicardium during cardiac surgery.
	www.csufresno.edu /nursing/n140/studassign/pacemaker.htm (2445 words)

	Problems with temporary cardiac pacing -- Jefferson et al. 324 (7329): 112 -- BMJ
		Temporary transvenous cardiac pacing is a life saving procedure and an important skill for emergency physicians to
		The ideal solution for urgent transvenous temporary pacing by a novice is the femoral route and a standard wire.
		Fergusson JD, Banning AP, Bashir Y. Randomised trial of temporary cardiac pacing with semirigid and balloon-floatation catheters.
	bmj.bmjjournals.com /cgi/content/full/324/7329/112 (1301 words)

	Heart Rhythm Society
		is the international leader in science, education and advocacy for cardiac arrhythmia professionals and patients, and the primary information resource on heart rhythm disorders.
		Its mission is to improve the care of patients by promoting research, education and optimal health care policies and standards.
		Founded in 1979 to address the scarcity of information about the diagnosis and treatment of cardiac arrhythmias, the Heart Rhythm Society is the preeminent professional group representing more than 3,700 specialists in cardiac pacing and electrophysiology in 64 countries.
	www.hrsonline.org (83 words)

	Single Site Left Ventricular Pacing for Cardiac Resynchronization -- Stevenson and Sweeney 109 (14): 1694 -- Circulation (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Cardiac resynchronization and death from progressive heart failure: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.
		Adverse effect of ventricular pacing on heart failure and atrial fibrillation among patients with normal baseline QRS duration in a clinical trial of pacemaker therapy for sinus node dysfunction.
		Dual-chamber pacing or ventricular backup pacing in patients with an implantable defibrillator: the Dual Chamber and VVI Implantable Defibrillator (DAVID) Trial.
	circ.ahajournals.org /cgi/content/full/109/14/1694 (1915 words)

	Amazon.com: Books: Cardiac Pacing and ICDs (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Cardiac Pacing and Defibrillation: A Clinical Approach by David L., MD Hayes
		Clinical Cardiac Pacing and Defibrillation by Kenneth A. Ellenbogen
		To understand the principles and concepts involved in cardiac pacing more completely, a brief review of the anatomy and physiology of the specialized conduction system is warranted (Table 1.1).
	www.amazon.com /exec/obidos/tg/detail/-/0865425868?v=glance (827 words)

	23. Cardiac Pacing
		FES thus contrasts sharply with electric stimulation of cardiac tissue where a stimulus activates either the entire heart or none of it as a consequence of the syncytial structure.
		By pacing during regular ventricular activation, not only is there an unnecessary drain on implanted batteries but there is no coordination between the artificial stimulus and the naturally occurring one (in fact, this type of stimulation is called asynchronous).
		(An exception is physician-activated pacing which, in the presence of the physician, is used as an adjunctive therapy for sustained ventricular tachycardia.) For this purpose noninvasive activation is achieved by a magnet or rf telemetry.
	butler.cc.tut.fi /~malmivuo/bem/bembook/23/23.htm (3930 words)

	Cardiotext.com \| Cardiac Pacing and ICDs \| Kenneth Ellenbogen, Mark Wood
		Fully revised and updated, the new fourth edition Cardiac Pacing and ICDs continues to be an accessible and practical clinical reference for cardiologists, cardiology fellows, surgeons, nurses, PAs, and technicians.
		Cardiac Pacing and Defibrillation: A Clinical Approach by David L. Hayes
		Cardiac Pacemakers and Implantable Defibrillators: A Workbook in 3 Volumes, Volume 1: Cardiac Pacing: A Case Approach by David L. Hayes
	www.cardiotext.com /full.html?isbn=1405104473 (158 words)

	Amazon.ca: Books: Cardiac Pacing (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		The latest edition of this guide to heart pacing is a must have for cardiologists, residents, EP nurses and electrophysiologists.
		Cardiac Pacing, 3/e is a highly readable and comprehensive guide to the basic concepts and clinical techniques of heart pacing.
		The only problem is his dry and wordy compilation of cardiac pacing.
	www.amazon.ca /exec/obidos/ASIN/0865421846 (310 words)

	Transcutaneous Cardiac Pacing (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		The LIFEPAK 8 QUIK-PACE external transthoracic pacing cassette is an external cardiac pacemaker for emergency use.
		It is capable of either demand or non-demand (asynchronous) pacing and has controls for adjusting both the rate and the current levels.
		When instituting artificial pacing, the patient and the monitor of the LIKEPAK 8 must be continuously assessed.
	www.theberries.ns.ca /botw_archives/pacing.html (375 words)

	Amazon.co.uk: Books: Cardiac Pacing and ICDs (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Inside, find the latest information on:* Hemodynamics of pacing* Advancements in pacemaker and lead technology* Pacemaker implantation and lead extraction* ICD follow-up and troubleshooting Learn about the most current and clinically relevant pacing and ICD issues with Cardiac Pacing and ICDs, Third Edition.
		No cardiac department should be without this book.
		Cardiac Pacing dicusses indications for pacing through to follow-up and will prove useful to both cardiac technicians and physicians alike.
	www.amazon.co.uk /exec/obidos/ASIN/0865425868 (462 words)

	Cardiotext.com \| Practical Guide to Cardiac Pacing \| H. Weston Moses, Kreigh P. Moulton
		The complexities of cardiac electrophysiology are discussed in clinically relevant terms.
		Cardiac Pacemakers and Implantable Defibrillators: A Workbook in 3 Volumes, Volume 2: Implantable Defibrillators: A Case Approach by Paul J. Wang
		Cardiac Pacemakers and Implantable Defibrillators: A Workbook in 3 Volumes, Volume 3: Transtelephonic Electrocardiography and Troubelshooting: A Case by Janet Christiansen
	www.cardiotext.com /full.html?isbn=0781719569 (207 words)

	Expanding Indications for Permanent Pacemakers -- Glikson et al. 123 (6): 443 -- Annals of Internal Medicine
		Pacing in the DDD mode at an atrioventricular interval of 100 ms.
		Impact of dual-chamber permanent pacing in patients with obstructive hypertrophic cardiomyopathy with symptoms refractory to verapamil and betaadrenergic blocker therapy.
		Cardiac rhythm disturbances early after orthotopic heart transplantation: prevalence and clinical importance of the observed abnormalities.
	www.annals.org /cgi/content/full/123/6/443 (6363 words)

	Notable Figures : ep-history (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		His solutions in the field of pacing, where his theories, experiments, results of clinical trials and development of new methods and devices were deeply intertwined, were truly ingenious.
		For example, while introducing the method of decremental pacing into clinical praxis he investigated the intrinsic nature of cardiac rate, arrhythmia effect on hemodynamics, myocardium metabolism and possibility of rate correction with pacing.
		From 1974 to 1980 Vikentiy Pekarskiy dedicated a large series of his works to the development of assist circulation methods in conjunction with pacing and open-chest mechanical cardiac massage that were fundamentally new approaches to cardiac resuscitation.
	www.hrsonline.org /ep-history/notable_figures/bios/vikentiy_pekarskiy (759 words)

	Left ventricular pacing improves haemodynamic variables in patients with heart failure with a normal QRS duration -- ...
		Left ventricular pacing improves haemodynamic variables in patients with heart failure with a normal QRS duration -- Turner et al.
		Left ventricular pacing improves haemodynamic variables in patients with heart failure with a normal QRS duration
		VDD-LV pacing and a pulmonary artery catheter was inserted for
	www.heartjnl.com /cgi/content/abstract/90/5/502 (539 words)

	NEJM -- Cardiac Resynchronization in Chronic Heart Failure
		Echocardiographic evaluation of cardiac dyssynchrony for predicting a favourable response to cardiac resynchronisation therapy.
		Clinical efficacy of cardiac resynchronization therapy using left ventricular pacing in heart failure patients stratified by severity of ventricular conduction delay.
		Hillegass, W. B, Epstein, A. Cardiac resynchronisation was effective for moderate to severe heart failure with intraventricular conduction delay.
	content.nejm.org /cgi/content/abstract/346/24/1845 (4022 words)

	NEJM -- Effects of Multisite Biventricular Pacing in Patients with Heart Failure and Intraventricular Conduction Delay
		Brignole, M. A novel use of cardiac pacing to improve cardiac function, quality of life and (hopefully) survival in patients with heart failure and permanent atrial fibrillation.
		Cardiac resynchronization therapy restores optimal atrioventricular mechanical timing in heart failure patients with ventricular conduction delay.
		Dual chamber pacing in patients with severe heart failure on {beta} blocker and amiodarone treatment: preliminary results of a randomised study.
	content.nejm.org /cgi/content/abstract/344/12/873 (4323 words)

	Amazon.com: Books: Cardiac Pacing and Defibrillation: A Clinical Approach (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		From the first pacemaker implantation in 1958 and the first implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (ICD) implantation in 1980, the fields of cardiac pacing and defibrillation have enjoyed a rapid increase in the sophistication and effectiveness of implantable devices.
		Whether new to cardiac pacing and defibrillation or seeing large numbers of patients with implantable devices on a daily basis, cardiologists and electrophysiologists alike will appreciate the knowledge and experience shared by the authors of this book.
		The cardiac conduction system consists of specialized tissue involved in the generation and conduction of electrical impulses throughout the heart.
	www.amazon.com /exec/obidos/tg/detail/-/087993462X?v=glance (910 words)

	New pacing technologies for heart failure -- Chow et al. 326 (7398): 1073 -- BMJ
		Left ventricular tributaries from the great cardiac vein and a lateral cardiac vein are shown draining into the coronary sinus.
		Left ventricular or biventricular pacing improves cardiac function at diminished energy cost in patients with dilated cardiomyopathy and left bundle-branch block.
		Effects of multisite biventricular pacing in patients with heart failure and intraventricular conduction delay.
	bmj.com /cgi/content/full/326/7398/1073 (2498 words)

	Amazon.ca: Books: Practice and Progress in Cardiac Pacing and Electrophysiology (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		This volume provides highlights of many of the recent and most important technological advances and concepts in cardiac electrotherapy, written by the most prominent figures in the field, for the internists, clinical cardiologists and cardiologists who are practising in arrhythmias and antiarrhythmic therapy.
		Part Three, cardiac pacing, is enhanced by the introductory chapter of S. Furman, which gives the state-of-the-art in electrical cardiac stimulation for 1995.
		This part also reviews the technical advances, new perspectives in the indications of cardiac pacing, as well as the management of complications.
	www.amazon.ca /exec/obidos/ASIN/0792339509 (371 words)

	Cardiac Pacing and Defibrillation: A Clinical Approach
		International authorities discuss virtually every aspect of cardiac pacing and pacemakers in the Second Edition of this comprehensive reference, including temporary cardiac pacing, antitachycardia pacing, new indications for cardiac pacing, complications of cardiac pacing, and interference with cardiac pacing.
		Expanded coverage of: pacemaker complications; Laser and lead extraction; Clinical trials in pacing; and Pacemaker and defibrillator implantation.
		Reviews fundamental concepts such as how to pace the heart and how leads, power sources, programmers, and electronic circuitry work.
	www.ramex.com /title.asp?id=9215 (456 words)

	USATODAY.com - Medicare weighs expanded coverage for defibrillators (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		WASHINGTON (AP) — Medicare is considering expanding coverage for expensive cardiac defibrillators that are surgically implanted, following a government-funded study that showed the technology significantly reduced deaths in patients with even mild heart disease.
		The study, conducted on 2,521 patients, was directed by Dr. Gust Bardy of the University of Washington and financed by the National Institutes of Health.
		Bruce Wilkoff, director of cardiac pacing at the Cleveland Clinic, said Medicare has been slow to make decisions about defibrillators.
	www.usatoday.com /news/health/2004-03-18-medicare-defib_x.htm (669 words)

	Minimum energy for cardiac pacing
		Conditions for minimum energy pacing of the heart have been investigated.
		A total of 99 patients undergoing permanent cardiac pacing with one of three different leads were studied.
		There were significant differences (P<0.05) between the pacing energies required at the four pulse durations; the mean threshold energy at 0.25 ms was 156 nJ, at 0.5 ms 115 nJ, at 0.75 ms 110 nJ, and at 1.0 ms 102 nJ.
	stacks.iop.org /0143-0815/9/41 (278 words)

	Canadian Working Group on Cardiac Pacing
		The Canadian Working Group on Cardiac Pacing (CWGCP) is a group of physicians and non-physicians working in the speciality of cardiac pacing and arrhythmia management with active involvement in various aspects of diagnosis, therapy, device implantation, research and education.
		The CWGCP Executive Committee shall be responsible for administering the affairs and policies of the CWGCP and shall serve as its final executive authority.
		To ensure that adequate funding is allocated to provide optimal pacing therapy as determined by national and international standards.
	www.hrt.org /pages/cwgcp991115r1.html (2548 words)

	Cardiotext.com \| Profiles in Cardiac Pacing and Electrophysiology \| Berndt Luederitz
		Most prior medical/ historical communications have given minimal attention to the area of cardiac arrhythmia, and in this regard, the book serves a unique purpose in addressing the discipline of cardiac electrophysiology.
		Clearly, many aspects of the history of a developing field represent moving targets, especially as related to the dynamic, explosive field of cardiac electrophysiology, and there is a lot happening as one uncovers past and present events.
		Nonetheless, cardiac electrophysiology today is a fairly well-defined discipline because of the creativity, dedication and hard work of the folks covered in this text.
	www.cardiotext.com /description/1405131160 (439 words)

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