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	August Hlond
		August Hlond (-1948), was from 1926 Archbishop of Gniezno and Poznan, from 1936 primate (highest ranking church official) in Poland and from 1946 Archbishop of Warsaw.
		In 1939 Hlond went for several months to Rome for the conclave of 1939.
		Hlond has been accused of overstepping his authority by forcing German officeholders to resign their church posts in 1945 in favor of Poles.
	www.ebroadcast.com.au /lookup/encyclopedia/au/August_Hlond.html (317 words)

	The Cardinals of the Holy Roman Church - Biographies - K
		The funeral was celebrated by August Hlond, S.D.B., archbishop of archbishop of Gniezno and Poznań, primate of Poland.
		Consecrated, November 8, 1953, Rome, by Cardinal Celso Costantini, assisted by Filippo Bernardini, titular archbishop of Aniochia di Pisidia, nuncio in Switzerland, and by Antonio Samorè, titular archbishop of Tirnovo, secretary of the S.C. of Extraordinary Ecclesiastical Affairs.
		Consecrated, August 31, 1952, St. Pölten, by Michael Memelauer, bishop of St. Pölten, assisted by Leo Pietsch, titular bishop of Narona, auxiliary bishop of Seckau, and by Franz Zauner, titular bishop Fata, coadjutor of Linz.
	www.fiu.edu /~mirandas/bios-k.htm (4941 words)

	The Cardinals of the Holy Roman Church - Biographies - W
		Consecrated, November 22, 1981, Mityana, by Cardinal Emmanuel Kiwanuka Nsubuga, archbishop of Kampala, assisted by Hadrian Kivumbi Ddungu, bishop of Masaka, and by Josef Stimpfle, bishop of Augsburg.
		August 3, 1901, Zuzela, diocese of Lomza, Poland.
		Ordained, August 3, 1924, Wloclaweck, by Wojciech Owczarek, auxiliary bishop of Wloclaweck.
	www.fiu.edu /~mirandas/bios-w.htm (4062 words)

	The Love One Another Magazine I Dear Readers ::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-09)
		During the thirties, on to the arena of the life of the Church in Poland came Cardinal August Hlond.
		When Cardinal Hlond was appointed Archbishop of the Gniezno-Poznan Archdiocese, and received the title of the Primate of Poland, from that moment on, among many other assignments, he showed special care for Polish emigrants.
		August Hlond, in the territory of Poland was completed.
	www.loveoneanothermagazine.org /dear_reader_societyofchrist.htm (1089 words)

	The Cardinals of the Holy Roman Church - Biographies - F
		Consecrated, December 19, 1971, patriarchal Liberian basilica, Rome, by Cardinal Carlo Confalonieri, prefect of the S.C. for Bishops, assisted by Costantino Stella, archbishop of Aquila, and by Luigi Maria Carlim bishop of Segni.
		Consecrated, February 19, 1911, cathedral of Speyer, by Cardinal Franz von Bettinger, archbishop of München und Freising, assisted by Ferdinand Schlor, bishop of Würzburg, and by Adolphe Fritzen, bishop of Strasbourg.
		Consecrated, September 16, 1973, Aglié, by Cardinal Paolo Bertoli, assisted by Agostino Casaroli, titular archbishop of Cartago, secretary of the S.C. for Extraordinary Ecclesiastical Affairs, and by Luigi Bettazzi, bishop of Ivrea.
	www.fiu.edu /~mirandas/bios-f.htm (7409 words)

	The Good Samaritan: Jewish Praise for Pope Pius XII by Dimitri Cavalli
		Allegations that Pope Pius XII was pro-Nazi are often supported by his time in Germany from 1917 to 1929 as the papal nuncio and his direct role, as Secretary of State, in negotiating the Vatican's concordat with Germany in 1933.
		In praising Cardinal Pacelli's election, the Jewish Chronicle in London on March 10, quoted an anti-Nazi speech he delivered in Lourdes in April 1935 and the hostile statements expressed about him in the Nazi press.
		The article quoted the cardinal as saying that he was obeying Pius XII's instructions by continuing to oppose France's anti-Semitic measures.
	www.ewtn.com /library/issues/pius12gs.htm (4706 words)

	[No title]
		Primate of Poland Cardinal August Hlond was born in Silesia on 5 July 1881.
		Cardinal Hlond appointed bishops in the areas taken over by Poland after WWII in the western and northern part of the country and created a new ecclesial administration nominating Polish priests; he likewise prepared blueprints for the rebuilding of 55 Warsaw churches.
		The beatification process of Cardinal Hlond began on 9 January 1992.
	www.b16.pl /agenda/784,hlond.html (333 words)

	Honour to our great Pope John Paul II
		After the death of Pope Paul VI, Cardinal Albino Luciani of Venice was elected Pope on August 26, and took the name of John Paul I. His smile and humility quickly won over the hearts of all Christians, but to the surprise of all, he died thirty-three days later, on September 28.
		The Primate of Poland, Cardinal August Hlond, dies on October 23, 1948, at the age of 67.
		In 1976, Cardinal Wojtyla was invited by Pope Paul VI to preach (in Italian) the Lenten “retreat” sermons to the Roman Curia (the Vatican's top civil servants) and His Holiness himself, which shows how much he was appreciated by the Pope.
	www.michaeljournal.org /JP25.HTM (7408 words)

	A Brief History of Polish Pasto
		Bernard Kołodziej S.Chr., Ph.D. In 1932, the then Primate of Poland, Cardinal August Hlond, founded the Society of Christ with the aim of providing Polish emigrants with pastoral care and every possible additional assistance.
		This was the culmination of many years of efforts by the Polish episcopate to assure the Polish emigrating masses of a constant flow of Polish priests.
		In 1928, the Polish Primate, Cardinal A. Hlond, dispatched Salesian Father Ludwik Gostylla to Canada.
	www.tchr.org /usa/usaEn/BriefHistory.html (2168 words)

	Mark Riebling, ""
		The cardinal tried to raise himself, but could only whisper: “Holy Father.” Pacelli reportedly took his hand and said, “Tonight, let me still be Eugenio.” But the title of pontiff was already claiming Pacelli.
		French Cardinal Eugene Tisserant predicted that the new pope was "destined to reign in torment,” and for Pacelli the torment was immediate.
		Hlond arrived on September 21 and was warmly received by Pius.
	www.markriebling.com /archives/00000190.html (5085 words)

	Penitence and Prejudice: The Roman Catholic Church and Jedwabne - Laurence Weinbaum
		But the absence of the same priests, and especially Cardinal Glemp, at the ceremony organized at the site of the massacre on July 10 was the cause of considerable consternation in circles devoted to improving ties between Jews and Catholics in Poland.
		After the pogrom in Kielce in 1946, Cardinal August Hlond suggested, for example, that the Jews themselves were to blame for the outrages by holding important posts in the Communist regime, and accused them of attempting, collectively, to impose on Polish society a system alien to the Nation.
		In 1936 the Cardinal had issued a pastoral letter in which he called for Catholics to refrain from taking measures against the Jews that would be incompatible with Christian ethics, but accused the Jews of serving as the vanguard of atheism and Communism.
	www.jcpa.org /phas/phas-weinbaum-f02.htm (8911 words)

	Amazon.com: "Cardinal Hlond": Key Phrase page (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-09)
		On 30 September 1939 and in the presence of Cardinal Hlond, the primate of Poland,...
		There was even talk of cutting off allegiance to Rome.24 Cardinal Hlond, in self-imposed exile, told Pope Pius that his silence was playing into the hands of the Germans, and that it...
		Cardinal Hlond's pithy enumeration of the "facts," which led him to call for Poles to "stay away from the harmful moral influence...
	www.amazon.com /phrase/Cardinal-Hlond (514 words)

	[No title]
		In almost all the writings of Hlond there is a reference or a hint to Mary seen as the inspirational source and the renewing strength for an effective pastoral service.
		According to W³osek Hlond was the inspiration behind the Marian dimension that permeated the pastoral work of the Polish Church, presenting her as intrinsically connected with the mission of the Church.
		Mention is also made of the efforts of Hlond, in approaches to the Holy See, to have the Dogma of the Assumption proclaimed, and that of Mary Mother of the Church — which happened after his death.
	www.sdb.ph /sdb4/N7/20040748ENG.doc (2587 words)

	Pope Pius XII - A Verifiable Defense
		Pope Pius XII is identified by "Pacelli," which was his name as a Cardinal, before being elevated to the Papacy.
		The day after Cardinal Pacelli’s election to the Papacy, the Nazi newspaper Berliner Morgenpost (March 3, 1939) stated its position clearly: "The election of Cardinal Pacelli is not accepted with favor in Germany because he was always opposed to Nazism and practically determined the policies of the Vatican under his predecessor."
		"The attacks were especially focused on this learned and zealous Cardinal Archbishop, who, in a sermon he gave in the Duomo on the 4th of this month and in a letter of his to the Chancellor of the Reich published by the Wolff Agency on the 7th, had denounced the persecutions against the Jews.
	members.aol.com /johnjrh/pius.html (4089 words)

	Book: Instrumental Transcommunication
		Further investigations led to a book of the former priest of the town Neisse, Frank SCHOLZ, in which HLOND’s comportment against the German clergy in the territories east of the line of demarcation (allegedly with the Vatican’s support!) is evidenced.
		Under this aspect the Cardinal’s contact can/may (among others) be understood as a consequence of his new attitude.
		Despite of manifold endeavours, the search for a picture of Cardinal HLOND’s last years, from which one could see a clear resemblance, was not successful.
	www.worlditc.org /c_07_senki_f_38.12.06.htm (769 words)

	RISU /English /News /Greek Catholic Church to Work for Ukrainian/Polish Reconciliation:
		Cardinal Husar said that a ceremonial act of reconciliation between Ukrainians and Poles will take place this year on 19 June in Poland and on 26 June in Ukraine.
		According to Cardinal Husar, the UGCC is open to similar reconciliation acts.
		The first such reconciliation act took place in 1945 in Rome, between Cardinal August Hlond of the Roman Catholic Church and Archbishop Ivan Buchko of the UGCC, that is, when Ukrainian-Polish fighting was still going on.
	www.risu.org.ua /eng/news/article;5451 (362 words)

	New Oxford Review
		On October 30, 1941, Cardinal Maglione encouraged the papal nuncio in France to intervene with the Vichy regime in order to soften the application of the anti-Semitic laws.
		Domenico Tardini, Cardinal Maglione’s deputy, explained to Italy’s ambassador to the Vatican the Vatican’s refusal to back the invasion: “I would be very happy to see Communism out of action.
		Cardinal Joseph Zen, the leader of Hong Kong's Catholics, has called on the Pope to excommunicate China's state-appointed bishops, as relations between Beijing and the Holy See plunge to new lows.
	www.newoxfordreview.org /reviews.jsp?did=0200-cavalli (1360 words)

	Diocese of Bridgeport (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-09)
		Mass presided over by Cardinal Camillo Ruini, vicar general for the diocese of Rome, and concelebrated by the clergy of Rome.
		The concelebration will be presided by Cardinal Jorge Arturo Medina Estevez, prefect emeritus of the Congregation for Divine Worship and the Discipline of the Sacraments, proto-deacon of the College of Cardinals.
		All cardinals are invited to concelebrate in the Cappelle Papali on April 8, 12 and 16."
	www.bridgeportdiocese.com /story_VaticanNews.shtml (2363 words)

	Warmia Info - Bored Net - Boredom (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-09)
		Bishop Kaller was then kept from continuing his duties by Cardinal August Hlond.
		It is to this day not clear whether Cardinal Hlond acted on his own or if he had papal permission, but this way clear case of ethnic rifts in theretically universal catholic church.
		Maximilian Kaller made it as a refugee to western Germany, occupied by the Western allies.
	www.borednet.com /e/n/encyclopedia/w/wa/warmia.html (777 words)

	Catholic Timeline on Antisemitism (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-09)
		Cardinal August Hlond, the primate of Poland, issues a pastoral letter, stating: "I warn you against that ethical attitude that is fundamentally and uncompromisingly anti-Jewish.
		In August and September, messages to be read out in their churches protesting the deportation of Jews from France are written by Archbishop Saliège of Toulouse, Bishop Théas of Montauban, Bishop Delay of Marseilles, Cardinal Gerlier of Lyon, Bishop Vanstenbergher of Bayonne, and Archbishop Moussaron of Albi
		Cardinal Adolf Bertram, Archbishop of Breslau and head of the German Bishops' Conference, opposes all public protest against the deportation and massacre of the Jews.
	www.sullivan-county.com /news/mine/timeline.htm (3755 words)

	TIME.com: Hand-Washing -- Jul 22, 1946 -- Page 1
		August Cardinal Hlond, the stern-faced Roman Catholic primate of Poland, having been accused of doing nothing to prevent or discourage the Kielce massacre of Jews (TIME, July 15), last week washed his hands of the matter.
		After deploring the pogrom, he said: "The fact that this condition [anti-Jewish violence] is deteriorating, is to a great degree due to Jews who today occupy leading positions in Poland's Government and endeavor to introduce a governmental structure which the majority of the people do not desire.
		Ten years ago, when Jewish influence in the "Government of the Colonels" was nil, Cardinal Hlond had found very different reasons for encouraging antiSemitism.
	www.time.com /time/magazine/article/0,9171,888234,00.html (587 words)

	Third Reich History: September 28 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-09)
		Polish Cardinal August Hlond is allowed to broadcast a message to the Poles of the world over the Vatican Radio.
		The Pope, unhappy with the cardinal's presence in Rome, wants him to return to Poland, but the Germans will not allow it.
		General Wladyslaw Sikorski is named to command the new Polish army forming in France.
	members.tripod.com /dailytrh/0928.html (684 words)

	The Testament of John Paul II
		The Testament of John Paul II The Testament of John Paul II The Spiritual Testament of John Paul II was read to the Cardinals at their meeting on 6 April and published in full the following day in the original Polish.
		With regard to my funeral, I repeat the instructions that were given by the Holy Father Paul VI (here a note in the margin says: burial in the ground and not in a sarcophagus, 13 March 1992).
		When, on 16 October 1978, the Conclave of Cardinals chose John Paul II, Cardinal Stefan Wyszyński, the Primate of Poland, said to me: "The task of the new Pope will be to lead the Church into the Third Millennium".
	www.ewtn.com /library/PAPALDOC/JP2TESTA.HTM (2043 words)

	Warmia
		Bishop Kaller was then kept from continuing his duties and was expelled by Cardinal August Hlond.
		It is to this day not clear, whether Cardinal Hlond acted on his own or if he had papal permission.
		Soviet and Polish forces removed or killed millions of Germans.
	www.ebroadcast.com.au /lookup/encyclopedia/va/Varmia.html (752 words)

	TIME.com: Prelude to Judgment -- Nov. 30, 1942 -- Page 1 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-09)
		Since Hitler came to Europe, Cardinals of the Roman Catholic Church have begun to lead as exciting lives as their predecessors did in the Renaissance.
		Last week came news that the Primate of shattered Poland, August Cardinal Hlond, had made his third escape from the Nazis; the Archbishop of Munich, Michael Cardinal von Faulhaber, had once more openly defied the Nazis:
		In it the uncowed Cardinal declared that, despite Nazi propaganda that the victims of the air raid were buried without crosses, he personally had erected crosses over the graves.
	www.time.com /time/magazine/article/0,9171,766710,00.html (496 words)

	The Holocaust Chronicle PROLOGUE: Roots of the Holocaust, page 100
		August Cardinal Hlond, the head of the Polish Catholic Church, called for discrimination against Polish Jews unless they converted to Catholicism.
		Thought to be less antisemitic than many Polish clergymen, Hlond's pastoral letter blasting the Jews for their Àharmful moralityÀ revealed the growing influence of Nazi ideology in Poland.
		Church-sanctioned anti-Jewish policy undermined the tenuous position of Polish Jewry and exacerbated tensions between Jews and Gentiles.
	www.holocaustchronicle.org /StaticPages/100.html (311 words)

	History of St. Albert Polish Catholic Mission (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-09)
		The turning point in the growth of the community was the purchase of land in San Jose, with the goal of building the religious and cultural center in the future.
		The legal ownership of the land was granted to the Society of Christ for Polonia, founded in Poland in 1932 by Cardinal August Hlond.
		The Society of Christ is dedicated to working within communities of Polish immigrants and their descendants around the world.
	www.employees.org /~poland/history.html (477 words)

	Amazon.com: Pius XII and the Second World War: According to the Archives of the Vatican: Books: Pierre Blet,Lawerence ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-09)
		cardinal secretary, apostolic delegate, apostolic administrator, cardinal primate, verbal note, apostolic nuncio, treatment inflicted, sovereign pontiff
		As soon as Pius XII heard of the arrests, he had Cardinal Maglione make a strong protest with the German Ambassador.
		In January 1940, he ordered Vatican Radio to broadcast Polish Cardinal August Hlond's reports on the persecution of the Catholic Church in Poland.
	www.amazon.com /Pius-XII-Second-World-War/dp/0809105039 (2530 words)

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