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Topic: Cardinal Beaton

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	Beaton - LoveToKnow 1911
		When James Beaton was translated to St Andrews in 1522 he resigned the rich abbacy of Arbroath in his nephew's favour, under reservation of one half of the revenues to himself during his lifetime.
		Beaton was one of King James's most trusted advisers, and it was mainly due to his influence that the king drew closer the French alliance and refused Henry VIII.'s overtures to follow him in his religious policy.
		A son of John Bethune of Auchmuty and a nephew of Cardinal Beaton, James was a trusted adviser of the Scottish regent, Mary of Lorraine, widow of James V., and a determined foe of the reformers.
	www.1911encyclopedia.org /Beaton (1228 words)

	David Beaton
		Beaton was present at the marriage of the royal pair at Notre-Dame on 1 January, 1537, and returned with them to Scotland in May; but the young queen died of consumption two months later.
		After the ceremony (by proxy) in the French capital, Beaton conducted the bride to Scotland, assisted at the solemnization of the marriage in St. Andrews Cathedral, and was afterwards sponsor (together with the Archbishop of Glasgow) to the first child that was born of the union.
		Beaton, whose commanding ability had now raised him to the highest position attainble in Scotland by a subject, was to have that ability fully tested in the growing unrest of the times, and in the relations, becoming rapidly more and more strained, between James V and his uncle, Henry VIII of England.
	www.catholicity.com /encyclopedia/b/beaton,david.html (1757 words)

	James Beaton
		King James V, whose father had fallen at Flodden in 1513, was at this time a child of three, and Beaton, as one of the Council of Regency, without whose consent the queen-mother could not act, was one of the most important personages in the realm during the minority of the young king.
		As primate he threw all his powerful influence into the scale against the intrigues of Henry VIII to obtain predominance in Scotland; and it was greatly owing to his statesmanship that the old league with France was maintained, and that the young king chose for his bride Magdalen of France instead of Mary of England.
		Albany's jealousy had deprived Beaton of the chancellorship some years previously, and he was never reappointed, though he enjoyed the full favour of the king.
	www.catholicity.com /encyclopedia/b/beaton,james.html (744 words)

	David Beaton
		Scottish cardinal and archbishop of St. Andrews, a younger son of John Beaton of Balfour in the county of Fife, and is said to have been born in the year 1494.
		When James Beaton was translated to St. Andrews in 1522 he resigned the rich abbacy of Arbroath in his nephew's favor, under reservation of one half of the revenues to himself during his lifetime.
		Beaton was one of King James's most trusted advisers, and it was mainly due to his influence that the king drew closer the French alliance and refused King Henry VIII's overtures to follow him in his religious policy.
	www.nndb.com /people/595/000094313 (1181 words)

	Significant Scots - James Beaton
		BEATON, JAMES, Archbishop of Glasgow, was the second of the seven sons of John Beaton, or Bethune of Balfour, elder brother of Cardinal Beaton.
		The death of the Cardinal does not appear to have materially retarded the advancement of his nephew; for we find that, in 1552, he had sufficient interest with the existing government, to receive the second place in the Scottish church, the Archbishopric of Glasgow, to which he was consecrated at Rome.
		Beaton was received by Queen Mary at Paris, with the distinction due to a virtuous and able counsellor of her late mother.
	www.electricscotland.com /HISTORY/other/beaton_james2.htm (798 words)

	Highbeam Encyclopedia - Search Results for Beaton
		Beaton, David BEATON, DAVID [Beaton, David], 1494-1546, Scottish churchman, cardinal of the Roman Catholic Church.
		He was made cardinal in 1538 and succeeded his uncle, James Beaton, as archbishop of St. Andrews and primate of Scotland in 1539.
		Associated with his father in the murder of Cardinal Beaton in 1546, he was captured by the French in 1547 and held prisoner in France until 1550, when he escaped to become a secret agent
	www.encyclopedia.com /SearchResults.aspx?Q=Beaton (683 words)

	Scotland's Past - David Beaton (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Beaton was educated at the University of Paris before becoming the Chancellor of Glasgow Cathedral in 1519.
		Beaton was still after Wishart and he was arrested and convicted before being burned at St Andrews on 1 March 1546.
		The murder of Beaton himself at St Andrews on 29 May 1546 was partly due to a desire for revenge over his treatment of Wishart.
	www.scotlandspast.org /beatond.cfm (378 words)

	Significant Scots - Cardinal David Beaton
		The Cardinal, however, was too wary to be thus circumvented, and assembling his faction, took possession of Linlithgow, where he lived at free quarters upon the inhabitants, on pretence of being a guard to the Queen.
		The Cardinal and his puppet the Regent, in the meantime, raised a small body of forces in the north, with which, finding the English gone, they marched against Lennox in the west, and laid siege to the castle of Glasgow, which they battered with brass cannon for a number of days.
		The new provost Kinfauns was urged by the Cardinal and his advisers to seize upon the government of the city by force, but the Lord Ruthven, with the assistance of the citizens, put him to the route, and slew sixty of his followers.
	www.electricscotland.com /history/other/beaton_david.htm (5702 words)

	Scotland's Past - Religion (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		One of Cardinal Beaton's relatives, Archibald Hay, had already warned him that some ordained priests 'hardly knew the order of the alphabet' and still others 'come to the heavenly table who have not slept off last night's debauch'.
		Cardinal Beaton met this challenge to Church authority with violence and Patrick Hamilton became the Reformation's first martyr when he was burned at St Andrews as a heretic.
		Cardinal Beaton himself was killed in the same year and the murderers, with John Knox, barricaded themselves in St Andrews Castle until they were forced to surrender in July 1547 when the Castle was bombarded from the sea by the French.
	www.scotlandspast.org /religion3.cfm (1040 words)

	May 28, Every-Day Book
		The cardinal refused the sacrament to his victim, on the ground that it was not reasonable to allow a spiritual benefit to an obstinate heretic, condemned by the church.
		The cardinal and prelates were seated on rich cushions with tapestry hangings before them, from whence they viewed the execution of their sentence.
		When they were told of his death, they desisted, and the people insisting upon a sight of the cardinal's body, his corpse was exposed to their view from the very same place wherein he sat to behold the execution of George Wishart.
	www.uab.edu /english/hone/etexts/edb/day-pages/148-may28.html (370 words)

	The Reformation in Scotland
		He hoped to be able to imprison his old enemy Cardinal Beaton, to seize the person of the young princess, to arrange for a marriage between her and his own son Prince Edward, and to make himself virtual sovereign of Scotland.
		Meanwhile the cardinal was busy preparing schemes for a genuine reform of the Church to be submitted to a national synod called for January 1546, and in making a visitation of his diocese for the purpose of suppressing heresy.
		The murder of Cardinal Beaton was an irreparable misfortune for the Catholic Church in Scotland.
	www.worldspirituality.org /reformation-scotland.html (13033 words)

	May 29: Murder of David Beaton
		Cardinal Beaton had political and religious enemies in Scotland.
		Cardinal Beaton stuck his head out a window and asked what the commotion was about.
		Rebuking Beaton for his wicked life and especially for the murder of Wishart, he ran him through twice with a sword.
	chi.gospelcom.net /DAILYF/2003/05/daily-05-29-2003.shtml (597 words)

	Reformation in Scotland (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		While preaching the Protestant Reform in 1546 he was betrayed to Cardinal David Beaton and imprisoned in the bottle dungeon at the Castle in St. Andrews.
		One of the major achievements in the Reformation period was the appointment, in December 1538, of James's chief counsellor, David Beaton (later Archbishop of St Andrews), as a cardinal.
		Beaton was a cruel persecutor of Lutheran supporters and had personally witnessed several being burned at the stake.
	www.moirbooks.homestead.com /Reformation.html (392 words)

	The Dawning Light: The Reformation in Scotland An Overview of Scottish Presbyterian History - Part One
		Beaton was able to thwart the spread of Protestant thought since he was a powerful Chancellor of the kingdom for James V. Many attempted to spread Luther's teaching in Scotland, but they met with little success.
		Beaton had made sure that James V was indisposed, lest he intervene for his relative, young Patrick.
		The Catholic clergy were distressed at the success of this young man. Cardinal David Beaton was able to stir up trouble for young Wishart, and by means of Robert Mill, Beaton commanded Wishart in the name of the Queen to cease his preaching.
	www.reformed.org /webfiles/antithesis/v1n1/ant_v1n1_dawn.html (2852 words)

	a l e x a n d e r l a w s o n
		Cardinal Beaton was Archbishop of St Andrews and Chancellor of the University from 1539 to 1546.
		After finding George Wishart guilty of spreading heretical doctrines and sentencing him to be burned at the stake, Beaton was murdered in revenge on 29th May 1546.
		The moments before this event are shown in Cardinal Beaton Besieged in St Andrews Castle by W.E. Lockhart, also in this exhibition.
	www.st-andrews.ac.uk /jfec/mgsmail/save/save_nairnebeaton.htm (292 words)

	David Beaton - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Politically, Beaton was preoccupied with the maintenance of the Franco-Scottish allience, and opposing Anglophile political attitudes, which were associated with the clamour for Protestant reform in Scotland ('the whole pollution and plague of Anglican impiety' as he called it).
		On the death of James in December 1542, Beaton attempted to assume office as one of the regents for the infant sovereign Mary, founding his claim on an alleged will of the late king; but the will was generally regarded as forged, and the Earl of Arran, heir presumptive to the throne, was declared regent.
		The cardinal, blamed by many for the war policy that led to the defeat at Solway Moss, was, by order of the regent, committed to the custody of Lord Seaton.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Cardinal_Beaton (799 words)

	Millers Church History by Andrew Miller - Chapter 25
		James Beaton died, and was succeeded by his nephew, David Beaton-a more cruel and bloodthirsty tyrant than his uncle-whom the pope made a cardinal for his zeal, and to increase his power.
		Cardinal Beaton, on the other hand, proposed that the property of the heretic nobles should be confiscated for the king's benefit, and not the sacred revenues of the holy church.
		The cardinal Dunbar, and other prelates were on the balcony watching the progress of the fire, and the sufferings of the martyr.
	www.the-tribulation-network.com /ebooks/millers/miller53.htm (8574 words)

	Origin of the name Bethune
		He was reigneur of the town of Bethune, in the ancient Province of Picardie, France, in the year 1000 AD, he has many descendants including Cardinal Beaton in Scotland, Duc de Sully in France and a number of princes of Hainault in Flanders.
		The name got confused with the name Beaton, which is of Gaelic origin, from Macbeth of the Macbeths who practiced medicine in the Western Isles in the sixteenth centuries, their names became Anglicized as Benten.
		Upon the marriage of James II of Scotland and Mary of Gueldres in 1448, a member of Bethune, Robert de Bethune was solicited by James to remain at the Scottish court.
	members.tripod.com /~bethunec/origbethune1.htm (513 words)

	FOOTNOTES
		To the policy devised by Beaton of educating Mary in France under the influence of the family of Guise, and in the corrupt atmosphere of the French Court, may be traced all her misfortunes.
		Sir Ralph was a keen Protestant and Puritan, like Sir William Cecil; and was sent to Edinburgh at this time to counteract the influence of Cardinal Beaton, and to arrange for the marriage of Mary and Edward, in both of which projects he failed.
		It is curious that the lines on Cardinal Beaton’s murder by which Lyndsay is now best known— ‘Although the deed was foully done The loon is wed awa!’ do not appear in any of his extant poems.
	www.godrules.net /library/knox/88knox6.htm (10033 words)

	The Cardinals of the Holy Roman Church - Biographical Dictionary - Consistory of December 20, 1538
		Created cardinal priest in the consistory of December 20, 1538; the red hat was sent to him earlier; and received the title of S. Maria in Portico, May 4, 1541.
		A papal interdict followed the unfair arrest of the cardinal primate, according to which all churches of the country should be closed and administering the sacraments should be suspended.
		Cardinal Beaton had requested of the pope dispensation from participation due to the strained political situation in Scotland because he feared unrests and activities of the English opponents as well as from personal enemies during his absence.
	www.fiu.edu /~mirandas/bios1538-ii.htm (4846 words)

	St Andrews Castle
		David Beaton was already an important church dignitAry, holding office as both Bishop of Mirepoix in France and administrator of Arbroath Abbey, when he succeeded his uncle and was appointed Archbishop of St Andrews in 1538.
		Deeply involved in the politics of the time Beaton was against the proposed marriage of the infant Mary, Queen of Scots to the Edward the English heir.
		Of all Beaton's acts it is possible that, in Scotland, he is best remembered for his burning, for so called heresy, of George Wishart the Protestant preacher outside St Andrews Castle while he watched from the upper window in the tower.
	members.tripod.com /CunninghamC/standrews/2aSt_Andrews_Castle.html (503 words)

	James Beaton - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		James Beaton, or Bethune (1473-1539), was a Scottish church leader, the uncle of Cardinal David Beaton.
		King James V was at this time a child and Beaton, as one of the Council of Regency, was one of the most important people in the kingdom during the minority of the young king.
		The Regent Albany's jealousy had deprived Beaton of the chancellorship some years previously, and he was never reappointed, though he enjoyed the full favour of the king.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/James_Beaton (359 words)

	b e a t o n s t a n d r e w s c a s t l e (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Wide cracks on the surface of the paint, particularly on the Cardinal's red robes, spoilt the effect of this depiction of his violent demise.
		This was because the artist used a substance called bitumen in the paint for this picture which, over time, caused the oil paint to shrink and form cracks.
		The painting shows Cardinal Beaton moments before he was murdered in his bedroom at St Andrews Castle.
	www.st-andrews.ac.uk /~jfec/mgsmail/save/save_beatoncastle.htm (264 words)

	The History of Protestantism - Volume Third - Book Twenty-fourth - PROTESTANTISM IN SCOTLAND (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Beaton sent for Campbell, and sternly demanded of him what progress he was making in the conversion of the heretic.
		In 1543, Cardinal Beaten made a tour through his diocese, illustrating his pride by an ostentatious display of the symbols of his rank, and his cruelty by hanging, burning, and in some cases drowning heretics, in the towns where it pleased him to set up his tribunal.
		The profligate James V had fallen under the power of the hierarchy, and this emboldened the cardinal to venture upon a measure which he doubted not would be the death-blow of heresy in Scotland, and would secure to the hierarchy a long and tranquil reign over the country.
	www.doctrine.org /history/HPv3b24.htm (14570 words)

	John Knox Feature Page on Undiscovered Scotland (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Knox was converted by Wishart and became his close associate, accompanying him everywhere, acting as his bodyguard in the face of threats from the anti-protestant forces in Scotland, led by Cardinal David Beaton.
		Wishart was arrested in December 1545 on Cardinal Beaton's orders, tried for heresy, and burned at the stake in St Andrews in March 1546.
		On 29 May 1546 Cardinal Beaton was himself murdered in St Andrew Castle, in retaliation for the execution of Wishart.
	www.undiscoveredscotland.co.uk /usbiography/biographies/johnknox.html (927 words)

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