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Topic: Cardinal Cisneros

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	Francisco Cardinal Jiménez de Cisneros - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Cardinal Cisneros' life coincided with a dynamic period in Spanish history during the reign of Ferdinand and Isabella when Spain underwent many reforms, from which it emerged in the Golden Age of empire (1500-1700), and Cisneros had much to do with it.
		Gonzalo Jiménez de Cisneros was born to a poor family in Torrelaguna in Castile in 1436 and studied at Alcalá de Henares and Salamanca.
		In violation of the laws, Cisneros acceded to Charles's desire to be proclaimed king; he secured the person of Charles's younger brother Ferdinand I, Holy Roman Emperor; he fixed the seat of the courts at Madrid; and he established a standing army by drilling the citizens of the towns.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Cardinal_Cisneros (1778 words)

	Encyclopedia: Cardinal Cisneros (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Cardinal Mendoza had died in 1495, and Isabella had secretly procured a papal bull nominating her confessor to his diocese of Toledo, the richest and most powerful in Spain, second perhaps to no other dignity of the Roman Church save the papacy.
		Shortly afterwards the new cardinal of Spain was appointed grand inquisitor-general for Castile and Leon.
		The next great event in the cardinal's life was the expedition against the Moorish city of Oran in the north of Africa, in which his religious zeal was supported by the prospect of the political and material gain that would accrue to Spain from the possession of such a station.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Cardinal-Cisneros (1604 words)

	e. The Iberian Peninsula. 2001. The Encyclopedia of World History
		African campaigns, organized, financed, and led by Cardinal Jiménez de Cisneros (1436–1517), aided by Pedro Navarro.
		Cisneros was one of the ablest statesmen of his time who, having reformed the Spanish church, now devoted himself to the crusade.
		The death of Ferdinand led to the regency of Cardinal Cisneros, who vigorously repressed incipient disturbances by the nobles.
	www.bartleby.com /67/601.html (730 words)

	Chapter 7: The Mendoza Family in the Spanish Renaissance 1350-1550
		After Enrique disavowed Juana's rights to the throne in 1468, the first Tendilla and his brother, the future cardinal, appealed to the papacy for a restitution of her rights and publicized this appeal by nailing copies of it to the doors of the churches in several important towns.
		Cardinal Cisneros won the support of the nobles who had supported Philip in the succession dispute and of most of the bureaucracy.
		Cisneros was equally convinced that these outer habits were symbolic of an inner apostasy, and he encouraged the crown and the local authorities to enforce the most rigid edicts against Muslim clothing and customs.
	libro.uca.edu /mendoza/msr7.htm (13831 words)

	CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Francisco Ximenez de Cisneros (Cardinal Ximenez)
		Franciscan, cardinal, and Primate of Spain, born at Torrelaguna in New Castile, 1436; died at Roa, near Valladolid, 1517.
		In 1492, on the recommendation of Cardinal Mendoza, Archbishop of Toledo, he was appointed confessor to Queen Isabella, which post he accepted on condition that he might still live in his monastery and follow the religious life, only appearing at Court when sent for.
		Suspecting that the cardinal would be more acceptable to the Spanish people than a foreigner like Adrian, Charles confirmed Ximénez in the regency, whilst Adrian was consoled with the Bishopric of Tortona and the post of Grand Inquisitor of Aragon.
	www.newadvent.org /cathen/15729b.htm (2152 words)

	Francisco, Cardinal Jimenez de Cisneros -- Encyclopædia Britannica (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		In 1507 he became both a cardinal and the grand inquisitor of Spain, and during his public life he sought the forced conversion of the Spanish Moors and promoted crusades to conquer North Africa.
		More results on "Francisco, Cardinal Jimenez de Cisneros" when you join.
		It was prepared at the University of Alcalá de Henares, in Spain, by a group of scholars under the sponsorship of Cardinal...
	www.britannica.com /eb/article-9043646 (720 words)

	USD: Administration: Vice President and Provost: Faculty Development and Resources (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Cardinal Cisneros had the great luxury when founding the University of Alcalé of having twenty-six faculty chairs already established with which he could attract the initial faculty of the university.
		Cardinal Cisneros realized that the quality of his university and its value to the Church and to society lay in attracting to Alcalé those best known for their erudition and their ability to teach effectively.
		Our response to the intellectual heritage we have received from Cardinal Cisneros is expressed both in the foundational documents of the University and in the diverse aspirations of current and past faculty.
	www.acusd.edu /administration/academicaffairs/facultydev/teacher_scholar.php (3011 words)

	New World History* (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		The first Cisneros people were lords of the town of Cisneros in Castilla, as early as 1111 A.D. The town of Cisneros is a village on a hill in a beautiful valley.
		Another Cisneros in Mexico at this time was Juan de Cisneros, one of the conquistadores of Mexico City, who later died in the campaign for Jalisco.
		Another Cisneros individual, Fray Alfonso Jimenez de Cisneros, was stationed at Cochiti, New Mexico, until 1696, when the Indian uprising of that year forced him to flee the pueblo.
	www.cisneroshistory.net /nwfh.htm (4359 words)

	mundiescaparate
		The body of Cardenal Cisneros is in the San Ildefonso Chapel, next to the college, where he expressly stated his witness.
		As a curiosity, it can be said that his tomb is the only front portrait that exists of Cardenal Cisneros, as when he was alive, he only allowed one side of his face to be portraited.
		Bordering the three central streets, and in honor to Cardinal Cisneros, we can find the symbol of its ordination, the Franciscan Cord, which can also be found bordering the front.
	www.mundiescaparate.com /ingles/alcala/alcalauniversidad.htm (273 words)

	www.caminosantiago.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		The realm of Navarre is a land of castles.
		Many forts were built in the Middle Ages, most of which were pulled down in 1516 by order of Cardinal Cisneros.
		In 1516 Cardinal Cisneros ordered the dismantlement of the castle, which was restored years later.
	www.caminosantiago.com /web_ingles/arte3.htm (139 words)

	Alcalá de Henares
		In the 8th C. it was conquered by Alfonso VII, and converted into a University Town in the 16th C. by Cardinal Cisneros.
		The portal of the Palace is highlighted by the shields of the Cardinal Infante Luis Alfonso de Borbon, which replaced the shield of Carlos I in the 18th C. At their sides are two shields of the Cardinal Fonseca.
		Its construction was ordered between 1497 and 1516 by Cardinal Cisneros on the same place where once a small parish was.
	www.madrid-on-line.com /eng/turisme/alrededores_alcala.htm (1179 words)

	Mers-el-Kébir - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Mers-el-Kébir is a port town in northwestern Algeria, located by the Mediterranean Sea near Oran, in the Oran Province.
		Mers-el-Kébir was captured by the Spanish under Cardinal Cisneros in 1505.
		In 1940 the British Royal Navy attacked the French fleet at Mers-el-Kébir to stop it falling into German hands.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Mers_El_K%c3%a9bir (75 words)

	Brief History of Granada
		Although the treaties signed by the Catholic Monarchs with Boabdil for the surrender of Granada stated that the different languages, religions and customs would be respected, after a few years it became clear that this was not happening in practice, and Cardinal Cisneros insisted that everyone, regardless of their religion, be baptised.
		Cardinal Ximenes therefore asked Isabel and Fernando for permission to continue his inquisition activities and they agreed.
		Consequently, on 18th December 1499, some three thousand Moors were baptised, a major mosque in Granada was converted to a church and the burning of supposed religious books and documents began.
	www.granadamap.com /history.htm (1116 words)

	Appendix 2: List of Inquisitors-General
		Francisco Ximenes de Cisneros, Cardinal and Archbishop of Toledo.
		Adrian of Utrecht, Cardinal and Bishop of Tortosa.
		Antonio de Zapata, Cardinal and Archbishop of Burgos, 1600-1605.
	libro.uca.edu /lea1/append2.htm (342 words)

	Barcelona - Alacala de Henares \| Footprint Guides
		Alcalá de Henares claim to fame was its University, which was established by Cardinal Cisneros (confessor to Isabel II) in 1498, and which came to rival even that of Salamanca as the intellectual centre of Spain.
		The pale, splendid Colegio de San Ildefonso has an elaborate, graceful Plateresque façade and a magnificent great hall (Paraninfo) with a sumptuous, densely carved Mudéjar ceiling, where the ceremony for Spain’s most influential literary award, the Prix Cervantes, is held annually on 23 April.
		The University’s founder Cardinal Cisneros is buried in the beautiful chapel of San Ildefonso, which has another wonderful Renaissance artesonado ceiling and elaborately stuccoed walls.
	www.footprintguides.com /Barcelona/Alacala-de-Henares.php (349 words)

	Journal of San Diego History
		Of greater significance was the famous university there, founded by the illustrious Cardinal Jiménez de Cisneros in 1508, which was to become the hub of Spain's humanist movement.
		Cardinal Cisneros entered the Franciscan Order at La Salceda, a few years after Friar Diego had left his mark there.
		The first two parts are dry, perfunctory accounts, while the third is vivid and informative, as the author is relating events he had just seen.
	www.sandiegohistory.org /journal/83fall/sandiego.htm (4370 words)

	The Beginnings
		This gave rise to rival affiliations between other faculties and anti-Popes, as well as an influx of support from royalty and other secular authorities to lesser institutions.
		Cardinal Cisneros (Ximenes) established Alcalá as the first research university, dedicated primarily to establishing definitive editions of the Bible as well as Aristotle and other classical authors, using the latest humanist philology and experts from around the world.
		The opus magnus was the Polyglota Complutense (1517), one of the greatest works of typography ever achieved, not to mention its unprecedented level of scholarly achievement.
	www.creighton.edu /FMIG/Seminar/Presentations/Montag_files/slide0009.htm (271 words)

	EduServeInc.com - GlobaLearn/Spain/University Complutense of Madrid
		One of their former students, Francisco Jimenez de Cisneros, Archbishop of Toledo and Cardinal, promoted their growth into a full university, its name soon becoming Universitas Complutensis in 1499.
		Cardinal Cisneros's humanistic and theological spirit inspired the birth of the new university.
		In 1836 the university was transferred to Madrid and was renamed Universidad Central.
	www.eduserveinc.com /GLN7F.htm (844 words)

	Page 4: Confesionario: Avisos y Reglas Para Confesores
		Yet it seems that Cisneros, like the late king, balanced a variety of competing political and economic interests, which made significant reforms in the Indies difficult.
		Also, Cisneros’ dislike of Columbus and Las Casas’ close relationship with the Columbus family cast a shadow on him in the eyes of the Cardinal-Regent of Spain.
		After the deaths of King Ferdinand and Cardinal Cisneros, Las Casas sought the support of the new Flemish-born Spanish king, Charles -- Charles I (Spain, 1516-1556) = Charles V (Holy Roman emperor, 1519-1558) --, the grandson of the Catholic monarchs.
	www.opwest.org /Archive/2003/200303_OriqueThesis/200303_04_OriqueThesis.htm (1354 words)

	Antonio de Nebrija - Tarlton Law Library - Dictionary Collection
		He was born in Lebrija (the Latin name is Nebrissa), Seville, and lived and studied in Salamanca and Bologna, concentrating on classical languages but reading widely in law, medicine, and theology.
		In 1502 he was a member of a group of scholars gathered by Cardinal Ximénes de Cisneros at Alcalá to produce the Complutensian Polyglot Bible.
		However, because of his connection with Cardinal Cisneros and the act of dedicating to the Catholic Queen of one of his books, he was allowed some leniency.
	tarlton.law.utexas.edu /rare/dictsweb/r_Nebrija.html (630 words)

	EUROPTRODE VII
		One of their former students, Francisco Jiménez de Cisneros, Archbishop of Toledo and Cardinal, promoted their growth into a full university.
		In 1836 it was transferred to Madrid, which, in the meantime, had become the capital of Spain.
		Finally, the new law of 1970 on the Statutes of Universities gave it the definitive name of "Universidad Complutense de Madrid", in this way rewarding the initiative of its founder Cardinal Cisneros, being integrated by the campus of Moncloa and that of Somosaguas, opened up in 1969, as first extension of the Universidad Complutense.
	congresos.forodigital.com /europtrode/conference.htm (590 words)

	Saints of August 16 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		There is a statue of Armagillus in Henry VII's chapel at Westminster, and another on Cardinal Morton's tomb at Canterbury.
		In paintings on the reredos (the decorative backdrop to the altar against a wall) of Romsey Abbey and elsewhere, he may be represented in armor and a chasuble, leading a dragon with a stole around its neck.
		After Beatrix's death, Cardinal Cisneros gave the sisters the rule of Saint Clare (Benedictines).
	www.saintpatrickdc.org /ss/0816.htm (2346 words)

	Islam and Columbus' America: Lessons We Can Learn from the Fall of Islamic Spain. (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		In 1499, seven years after the tragic fall of Granada into Castilian hands, Cardinal Ximenez de Cisneros came to that city to break the 1491 treaty that the Catholic monarch had signed with Boabdil, the last king of Granada, which among other matters, guaranteed Muslims' religious rights.
		As Cisneros began to persecute the Granadine Muslims, this initiated a reaction which turned him into a mass murderer as well as a cultural vandal.
		In 1528 Bishop Juan Zumarraga ordered the codices and books of the Aztecs to be destroyed, in the same fashion and under the same laws as Cardinal Cisneros had used in Granada when he terrorised that city.
	admin.muslimsonline.com /babri/columbus1.htm (1984 words)

	Morisco (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		The majority converted, but only superficially, continuing to dress and speak as they had before and to secretly practice Islam and use the aljamiado writing system.
		This led Cardinal Cisneros to use a more forceful approach, which resulted in an uprising in 1500 to 1502.
		This was suppressed, and the Spanish authorities took that as a pretext to void the rights and obligations in the surrender treaty.
	www.worldhistory.com /wiki/M/Morisco.htm (730 words)

	[No title]
		She was supported by an important group of Castilian nobles, including Cardinal Mendoza, the constable of Castile (a Velasco), and the Admiral (an Enríquez), who was related to Ferdinand's mother.
		Though intensely pious and orthodox in her beliefs and though granted with Ferdinand the title of the "Catholic Kings" by Pope Alexander VI, Isabella could be both imperious and pertinacious in her dealings with the papacy.
		She also sought candidates of high standards; judged by her choices of men such as Talavera and Cisneros, Isabella was, indeed, remarkably effective in achieving her objective.
	www.richmond.edu /~ahermida/catolica.doc (4165 words)

	Issues
		However Cisneros’ tenure as regent was cut short, he died November of 1517.
		He addressed bishops, cardinals and popes, meeting personally with Julius II early in his life, corresponding with others, most notable Paul III, (who promulgated the famous Sublimus Deus).
		Near the very end of his life, he sent a letter to the new Pope Pius V, begging him to condemn conquest as a means of conversion.
	www.lascasas.org /manissues.htm (4874 words)

	Pagina nueva 1
		ALCALA DE HENARES, located 30 km from Madrid has become a key destination for Cultural Tourism, birthplace of Miguel de Cervantes, was named a Human Heritage Town in December 1998, in recognition of he fact that Alcalá was the first planned university town as such in the world.
		UNESCO´s declaration not only refers to Alcala´s historical heritage, but also to the city's cultural importance after Cardinal Cisneros founded Complutense University in 1499.
		In its declaration UNESCO clearly mentions the University and the old part of Alcala de Henares, as an area which began to develop from the Middle Ages and in which Jews, Moslems and Christians lived together peacefully.
	euromedbiomath.aicme.free.fr /excursions/alcala.htm (119 words)

	Biblioteca Histórica Marqués de Valdecilla de la UCM
		The Universidad Complutense receives its name from the primitive institution founded by Cardinal Cisneros in Alcalá de Henares, in the transition from the 15th to the 16th century.
		It started with the collection obtained by the Cardinal Cisneros.
		In the oldest inventory of the collection, written in 1512, some of the most determinant works that still today are preserved at the Biblioteca Histórica, such as the ¨Libros del saber de astronomia¨ of Alfonso X el Sabio,already appear.
	www.ucm.es /BUCM/foa/english_version/historical.htm (530 words)

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