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	FLEURY - LoveToKnow Article on FLEURY (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		In 1793 Fleury, like the rest of his fellow-players, was arrested in consequence of the presentation of Layas LAmi des lois, and, when liberated, appeared at various theatres until, in 1799, he rejoined the rehabilitated Com~die Fran-aise.
		Fleury had economized in the army and navy, as elsewhere, and when in 1733 war was forced upon him he was hardly prepared.
		Fleury was driven by Chauvelin to more energetic measures; he coifcluded a close alliance with the Spanbfh Bourbons and sent two armies, against the Austrians.
	www.1911encyclopedia.org /F/FL/FLEURY.htm (884 words)

	CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Andre-Hercule de Fleury
		He was a protégé of Cardinal de Bonzi and become chaplain to Maria Theresa in 16790, and to Louis XIV in 1683.
		During the period of Fleury's power, Jansenism was gaining ground among the masses as a superstitious sect, as is evidenced by the miracles of the deacon Pâris, while among the upper classes it took shape as a political faction.
		Fleury was the minister who had to contend with a Jansenist opposition in the Parliament of Paris.
	www.newadvent.org /cathen/06103a.htm (649 words)

	Encyclopedia: AndrÃ©-Hercule de Fleury (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Cardinal André-Hercule de Fleury, Bishop of Fréjus (June 22 or 26, 1653–January 29, 1743) was a French cardinal who served as the chief minister of Louis XV.
		Fleury was present at all interviews between Louis XV and his titular first minister, and on Bourbon's attempt to break through this rule Fleury retired from court.
		Fleury was the right man for the moment; naturally cool and impeturbable in his demeanor, frugal and prudent, he carried these qualities into the administration.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Andr%C3%A9_Hercule-de-Fleury (2130 words)

	AllRefer.com - AndrE Hercule de Fleury (French History, Biography) - Encyclopedia
		Tutor of the young Louis XV, he became, at the age of 73, chief adviser to the king and virtual ruler of France (1726–43).
		Fleury restored order to the national finances, disorganized by the speculative schemes of John Law.
		He strove for peace abroad but became involved in the War of the Polish Succession; through it, however, he assured the eventual reversion of Lorraine to France and established a Spanish Bourbon on the throne of Naples.
	reference.allrefer.com /encyclopedia/F/Fleury-A.html (259 words)

	Louis XV of France - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Cardinal Dubois, close confident of the regent, was made prime minister in 1722.
		In 1733, despite Fleury's peace policy, the king, won over by his secretary of state for foreign affairs Germain Louis Chauvelin (1727-1737), intervened in the War of the Polish Succession in an attempt to restore his father-in-law Stanislaus Leszczynski on the Polish throne.
		The old cardinal de Fleury did not have enough energy left to oppose the war, and the king gave in to the strong pressure of the anti-Austrian party at court: he entered the war in 1741 by allying with Prussia.
	www.wikipedia.org /wiki/Louis_XV_of_France (8075 words)

	Search Encyclopedia.com
		Fleury, Claude Fleury, Claudeklōd flörē´, 1640-1723?, French ecclesiastical historian, a Roman Catholic priest, confessor to Louis XV, and author of the learned and unbiased Histoire ecclésiastique.
		Mercier, D?r?oseph Mercier, Désiré Josephdāzērā´ zhôzĕf´ mârsēā´, 1851-1926, Belgian churchman, cardinal of the Roman Catholic Church.
		He was a doctor of canon law and as cardinal (1375) became an outstanding member of the Curia Romana.
	www.encyclopedia.com /search.asp?target=Cardinal+Fleury&rc=10&fh=17&fr=11 (545 words)

	Information on Cardinal (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		The principal parts of a cardinal's costume are a red cassock, a rochet, a short purple mantle, and a red hat with a small crown and broad brim, with cords and tessels of a special pattern hanging from it.
		Cardinal points (a) (Geol.) The four principal points of the compass, or intersections of the horizon with the meridian and the prime vertical circle, north, south east, and west.
		Cardinal veins (Anat.), the veins in vertebrate embryos, which run each side of the vertebral column and returm the blood to the heart.
	www.wkonline.com /d/Cardinal.html (548 words)

	Essay on Fleury and Walpole (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		ESSAY ON FLEURY & WALPOLE Thesis: Cardinal Fleury and Robert Walpole came to power under different conditions, allowing Walpole to centralize the nation through his control of parliament, leading to England's economic and political dominance, whereas Fleury was unable to unify France under his political leadership.
		Fleury's inheritance of a situation of social and economic turmoil after the bursting of the Mississippi Bubble, combined with the readiness of the nobility to reassert themselves after Louis XIV's absolutist rule proved too great a challenge to reassert absolutism.
		In contrast to Fleury's failed centralization of power was Robert Walpole's use of Machiavellian tactics to bring about the unification of parliament under his leadership.
	www.angelfire.com /ia/infovault/fleurywalpole.html (292 words)

	FLEURY, ANDRE HERCULE DE - LoveToKnow Article on FLEURY, ANDRE HERCULE DE (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		FLEURY, CLAUDE (164oI 723), French ecclesiastical historian, was born at Paris on the 6th of December 1640.
		In consulting the work of Fleury and its supplement, the general table of contents, published by Rondel, Paris, 1758, 1 vol.
		FLIEDNER, THEODOR (18001864), German Protestant divine, was born on the 21st of January 1800 at Epstein (near Wiesbaden), the small village in which his father was pastoR He studied theology at the universities of Giessen and Gttingen, and at the theological seminary of Herborn, and at the age of twenty he passed his final examination.
	www.1911encyclopedia.org /F/FL/FLEURY_ANDRE_HERCULE_DE.htm (2419 words)

	Cardinal Fleury (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Fleury was present at all interviews between LouisXV and his titular first minister, and on Bourbon's attempt to break through this rule Fleury retired from court.
		Fleury was the rightman for the moment; naturally cool and impeturbable in his demeanor, frugal and prudent, he carried these qualities into theadministration.
		Fleury's economies in the army and navy, as elsewhere, found the nation poorly prepared when in 1733 war was forced uponFrance.
	www.therfcc.org /cardinal-fleury-82000.html (1001 words)

	André-Hercule de Fleury (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Cardinal André-Hercule de Fleury, Bishop of Fréjus (June 22 or 26, 1653 - January 29, 1743) was a French cardinal who served as the chief minister of Louis XV.
		He was compelled by court opinion to support the claims of Louis XV's father-in-law Stanislaus Leszczynski to the Polish crown on the death of Frederick Augustus I, against the Russian and Austrian candidate; but the despatch of a French expedition to Danzig turned into a humiliation.
		Fleury's covert Corsican policy in a letter from the foreign minister, Chauvelin, to the French envoy at Genoa, January 30, 1735 (French)
	www.sciencedaily.com /encyclopedia/andre_hercule_de_fleury (1101 words)

	Encyclopedia: AndrÃ©-Hercule de Fleury (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Cardinal de Fleury (1653-1743), after Hyacinthe Rigaud This image has been released into the public domain by the copyright holder, its copyright has expired, or it is ineligible for copyright.
		A cardinal is a senior ecclesiastical official in the Roman Catholic Church, ranking just below the Pope and appointed by him as a member of the College of Cardinals, during a consistory.
		Fleury's stringencies were enforced through the controlleur-génénerale Orry (who remained in office until 1750, for aimiable and lazy Louis XV, once he had a minister he trusted, was loath to change).
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Andr%E9_Hercule-de-Fleury (2130 words)

	LOUIS XV OF FRANCE FACTS AND INFORMATION (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		He was aided by AndrÃ©-Hercule_de_Fleury (later to become Cardinal de Fleury), tutor to the young king.
		After the financial and human losses suffered at the end of the reign of Louis XIV, the rule of Fleury, generating peace and order, is seen by historians as a period of "recovery" (French historians talk of a ''gouvernement "rÃ©parateur"'').
		The Marquise de Pompadour, met in February 1745 at a lavish masked ball given in honor of the ''dauphin'''s marriage, was the most famous mistress of the reign, and the most honorable one.
	www.rocgames.com /Louis_XV_of_France (7802 words)

	The Cardinals of the Holy Roman Church - Biographical Dictionary - Consistory of March 26, 1618
		If the duke seriously desired to become a cardinal, and it was not a simple whim, like when he thought of becoming a friar, retiring from the court or getting married again, he should content himself with being named along with others like was the custom.
		Cardinal Antonio Zapata y Cisneros, archbishop of Burgos, on November 30, 1617, expressed that it would be useful for the Holy See to name him without waiting for a regular consistory.
		A bull of Pope Sixtus V (1585-1590), had ordered that the cardinals go to Rome to receive the red had but in attention to his advanced age --he was thought to be a septuagenarian-- and his grave occupations, an exception was made with him, something that was not well received in the French court.
	www.fiu.edu /~mirandas/bios1618.htm (2985 words)

	Fleury - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		950 to 1004) abbot of the monastery of Fleury
		Cardinal André-Hercule de Fleury, Bishop of Fréjus (1653-1743), chief minister of Louis XV of France
		This is a disambiguation page, a list of pages that otherwise might share the same title.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Fleury (110 words)

	Louis XV of France Online Research :: Information about Louis XV of France (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Following the advice of Fleury, Louis XV appointed his cousin the Louis Henri, Duc de Bourbon, Prince of Cond, to replace the late Duke of OrlÃ©ans.
		In 1733, despite Fleury's peace policy, the king, won over by his Minister of Foreign Affairs (France) Germain Louis Chauvelin (1727 - 1737), intervened in the War of the Polish Succession in an attempt to restore his father-in-law Stanislaus Leszczynski on the Polish throne.
		She was the daughter of a chief agent of the powerful PÃ¢ris family of financiers who became embroiled in the intrigue that ousted the Louis Henri, Duc de Bourbon as head of the Regency council in favor of Cardinal de Fleury.
	in-northcarolina.com /search/Louis_XV_of_France.html (7273 words)

	Cardinal - Definition of Cardinal by Webster's Online Dictionary (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		The clerics of the supreme Chair are called Cardinals, as undoubtedly adhering more nearly to the hinge by which all things are moved.
		cardinal - serving as an essential component; "a cardinal rule"; "the central cause of the problem"; "an example that was fundamental to the argument"; "computers are fundamental to modern industrial structure"
		Cardinals are next to the pope in dignity; he is elected by them and out of their body.
	www.webster-dictionary.org /definition/cardinal (464 words)

	Fleury, André Hercule de on Encyclopedia.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Tutor of the young Louis XV, he became, at the age of 73, chief adviser to the king and virtual ruler of France (1726-43).
		He strove for peace abroad but became involved in the War of the Polish Succession ; through it, however, he assured the eventual reversion of Lorraine to France and established a Spanish Bourbon on the throne of Naples.
		In a time of its own; The first Father Christmas stares from a window of the parish church in this village where a great man of God cut his teeth in a thatched cottage.
	www.encyclopedia.com /html/f/fleury-a1.asp (247 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		By tomorrow, the Cardinal's spies will be searching all Paris for that passport and its bearer!" The talk was guarded, since all three were aware of the newcomers across the room.
		Fleury is an ambitious man, a tremendous gambler, a soldIer of some distinction --" "Whom you don't love, by the tone of your praise." "Each one to his taste!" said Cyrano.
		Well, the cardinal thinks that one of his personal enemies, a woman, a traitress, a spy, is going about France disguised as a man. Further, he thinks this man carries a passport naming him Sieur Nicolas Vaugon." "Eh?" Vaugon started, and his grey eyes widened.
	www.gutenberg.net.au /ebooks04/0400481.txt (22833 words)

	Louis XV of France - Encyclopedia, History, Geography and Biography (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Later during the regency he was moved to the Tuileries Palace, in the center of Paris, near the Palais Royal.
		In 1717, the seven-year-old king was separated from his governess Madame de Ventadour, and put in the care of the Duke of Maine, superintendent of his education, aided by André-Hercule de Fleury (later to become Cardinal de Fleury), tutor to the young king, and the Duke of Villeroi, governor to the young king.
		Louis XV of France, The Miracle Child, The Regency of the Duke of Orléans, The Ministry of the Duke of Bourbon, The Ministry of Cardinal de Fleury, First attempts at reform, Marriage and Children and See also.
	www.arikah.com /encyclopedia/Louis_XV (3812 words)

	CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Abbey of Fleury
		But the boast of Fleury is the relics of St. Benedict, the father of Western monasticism.
		Mommolus, the second Abbot of Fleury, is said to have effected their transfer from Monte Cassino when that abbey fell into decay after the ravages of the Lombards.
		No doubt there is much fabulous matter in the Fleury accounts of the famous transfer, but we must remember they were written at the when even good causes were more effectively defended by introducing the supernatural than by the most obvious natural explanations.
	www.newadvent.org /cathen/06102c.htm (592 words)

	The Cardinals of the Holy Roman Church - Biographical Dictionary - Consistory of September 11, 1726
		The Cardinals of the Holy Roman Church - Biographical Dictionary - Consistory of September 11, 1726
		Created cardinal priest in the consistory of September 11, 1726; never received the red hat and the title.
		Le cardinal de Fleury et le mouvement janséniste.
	www.fiu.edu /~mirandas/bios1726.htm (347 words)

	Andre-Hercule de Fleury -- Compton's Desk Reference - Your gateway to all Britannica has to offer!
		French cardinal and chief minister of Louis XV (1726–43).
		In 1715 he was appointed tutor for the future Louis XV, who later created Fleury a cardinal and minister of state (1726).
		Domestically, Fleury restored economic and financial stability to France; in foreign policy, his efforts prevented the hostilities between Spain and Britain in 1727 from becoming a European conflict.
	deskreference.britannica.com /ebc/article-9364556 (163 words)

	Fleury -- Facts, Info, and Encyclopedia article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Cardinal (Click link for more info and facts about André-Hercule de Fleury) André-Hercule de Fleury, Bishop of Fréjus (1653-1743), chief minister of (Click link for more info and facts about Louis XV of France) Louis XV of France
		Fleury, in the (Click link for more info and facts about Aisne) Aisne (Click link for more info and facts about département) département
		Fleury, in the (German white wine from the Moselle valley or a similar wine made elsewhere) Moselle département
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/F/Fl/Fleury.htm (357 words)

	Fleury (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Fleury, who turns 34 in June, might be welcome in Phoenix under friend Wayne Gretzky.
		Fleury, who has 181 penalty minutes this season, picked up 12 in the final 5 minutes of the Rangers' 4-3 With 4:18 left, Fleury was called for tripping.
		In 1723, it was at the instance of Fleury that the Duc de Bourbon was made prime minister, and quarrelling with the Duke, Fleury pretended to retire to Issy.
	www.99hosted.com /names8697.html (444 words)

	Letter Signed ("Le Card. de Fleury) to Cardinal Corradini on matters relating to the Jansenists. - FLEURY, ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Tipped into a bound volumes with several other documents, engravings of the period, including engraved portraits of Cardinal Noailles, Louis XVI, a portrait of Fleury himself, of Phillippe d'Orléans, regent of France, and a letter to Phillippe from a Carmelite order asking for charity.
		It was written immediately following the death of Cardinal de Noailles, the Archbishop of Paris who was closely associated with policy of the Papal Bull known as Unigenitus ((1713), which had virtually banished Jansenists from the Church.
		In his letter annoucing the death of the Cardinal Noailles, Fleury expresses his hopes for a period when Jansenism will diminish, and cites various cases of retraction among the dissidents.
	www.antiqbook.com /boox/cum/25925.shtml (447 words)

	Articles - House of Bourbon (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Nevertheless, Bourbon's action brought a very negative response from Spain, and for his incompetence Bourbon was soon replaced by Cardinal Fleury, the young king's tutor, in 1726.
		Fleury was a peace loving man who intended to keep France out of war, but circumstances presented themselves that made this impossible.
		Shortly after Fleuryâ€™s death in 1745 Louis was most influenced by his mistress the Marquise de Pompadour.
	www.worldhammock.com /articles/Bourbon_house (4385 words)

	Camelot Village: Britain's Heritage and History
		Cardinal Fleury was 73 years old when he began to govern France.
		On reaching the age of 16, Louis XV appointed Fleury, his tutor, as chief minister.
		Fleury's government encouraged industrial and commercial growth, reform of the state's finances, and codification of the law.
	www.camelotintl.com /world/02cardinal_fleury.html (131 words)

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