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Topic: Cardinal Secretary of State

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Agostino Cardinal Casaroli

Angelo Cardinal Sodano

Cardinal Bishop

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Giuseppe Cardinal Siri

Lateran treaties

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Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith

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Giovanni Cardinal Benelli

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	Secretary of State - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		In the federal government of the United States of America, the main role of the Secretary of State is to supervise and conduct foreign policy.
		In many states the state secretary of state is often third in line to assume the office of governor upon death or resignation of the incumbent, after the lieutenant governor.
		During a sede vacante, the former Secretary of State (the appointment expires when the pope dies or resigns) assumes some of the functions of the head of state as a part of a temporary commission.
	www.newlenox.us /project/wikipedia/index.php/Secretary_of_State (579 words)

	Cardinal Secretary of State - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		As one of the senior offices in the Roman Catholic Church, the Secretary is required to be a cardinal.
		The Cardinal Secretary is regarded as being in charge of the political and diplomatic activities of the Holy See.
		During this period, the former Secretary acts as a member of a commission with the Cardinal Camerlengo and the former President of the Pontifical Commission for Vatican City State, which exercises some of the functions of the head of state of the Vatican City until a new Pope is elected.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Cardinal_Secretary_of_State (503 words)

	Angelo Cardinal Sodano - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Angelo Cardinal Sodano (born 23 November 1927) is the Cardinal Secretary of State, first appointed by Pope John Paul II and then reappointed by Pope Benedict XVI.
		As Secretary of State, it was Cardinal Sodano who was the principal celebrant at the funeral mass for John Cardinal O'Connor, Archbishop of New York.
		Although Cardinal Sodano is past the customary retirement age he was reappointed to the position by Benedict XVI on April 21, 2005.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Angelo_Cardinal_Sodano (550 words)

	Cardinal Bishop - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Giovanni Battista Cardinal Re, Prefect of the Congregation for Bishops, and
		Ignace Cardinal Daoud, Prefect of the Congregation for the Oriental Churches, former Patriarch of Antioch for the Syrians
		Nasrallah Cardinal Sfeir, Patriarch of Antioch for the Maronites.
	www.wikipedia.org /wiki/Cardinal_Bishop (437 words)

	Secretary of State - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		In the United Kingdom, a Secretary of State is a senior Cabinet Minister in charge of a Government Department.
		From 1993 to 2003, several MPs were styled Secretary of State with a specific policy areas and assist Cabinet Ministers but these were not themselves members of Cabinet.
		In, France, a secretary of State is a junior minister, who responds to a minister or the Prime minister.
	www.bexley.us /project/wikipedia/index.php/Secretary_of_State (579 words)

	Cardinal Secretary of State - Encyclopedia, History and Biography
		The former Secretary acts as a member of a Commission, with the Cardinal Camerlengo and the former President of the Pontifical Commission for Vatican City State, which exercises some of the functions of the head of state of the Vatican City until a new Pope is elected.
		At this stage the secretary was a fairly minor functionary, the Vatican administration being led by the Cardinal Nephew, the position from whose name the word nepotism originated.
		Pope Pius XII, having been the Secretary of State under Pope Pius XI, did not name a Secretary after the death of Cardinal Maglione in 1944.
	www.arikah.com /encyclopedia/Cardinal_Secretary_of_State (512 words)

	Secretariat of State - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		The Secretariat of State is the oldest dicastery in the Roman Curia, the government of the Roman Catholic Church.
		It is headed by the Cardinal Secretary of State, and performs all the political and diplomatic functions of Vatican City and the Holy See.
		The secretary is often called the foreign minister of the Vatican.
	www.bucyrus.us /project/wikipedia/index.php/Secretariat_of_State (358 words)

	Cardinal Secretary of State -- Facts, Info, and Encyclopedia article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		The Cardinal Secretary of State presides over the Vatican (Click link for more info and facts about Secretariat of State) Secretariat of State, which is the oldest and most important (Click link for more info and facts about dicastery) dicastery of the (Click link for more info and facts about Roman Curia) Roman Curia.
		Since (The capital of the State of the Vatican City) Vatican City is administered by the Holy See, the Cardinal Secretary of State is also referred to as being the Vatican's " (The person who holds the position of head of state in England) prime minister".
		At this stage the secretary was a fairly minor functionary, the Vatican administration being led by the Cardinal Nephew, the position from whose name the word (Favoritism shown to relatives or close friends by those in power (as by giving them jobs)) nepotism originated.
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/C/Ca/Cardinal_Secretary_of_State.htm (669 words)

	Secretary of State (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		The ancient English monarchs always had in attendance a learned ecclesiastic, known at first as their clerk, and afterwards as "Secretary", who conducted the royal correspondence; but it was not until the end of the reign of Queen Elizabeth I (reigned 1558–1603) that these functionaries gained the title "Secretaries of State".
		In 1782 the office was again abolished, and the charge of the colonies transferred to the Home Secretary; but owing to the war of the First Coalition with France in 1794 a third Secretary re-appeared to superintend the activities of the War Department, and seven years later the colonial business became attached to his Department.
		In 1854 a fourth Secretary of State gained the exclusive charge of the War Department, and in 1858 a fifth Secretary (for India) began duties.
	www.arikah.net /encyclopedia/Secretary_of_state (1364 words)

	The New Pope Benedict XVI » 2005 » April » 05 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Cardinal Secretary of State is one of the positions in the Curia that ends when the current pope dies, and as Cardinal Sodano is past the customary retirement age it is probable that he would not be reappointed to the position by a new pope.
		Cardinal Jaime Lucas Ortega y Alamino, Archbishop of St. Cristóbal, Havana, was born in Jagüey Grande in the diocese and province of Matanzas, Cuba, on 18 October 1936.
		The Cardinal was appointed to four Vatican offices: the Congregation for Divine Worship and the Discipline of the Sacraments, the Administration of the Patrimony of the Holy See, the Pontifical Council for the Study of Organisational and Economic Problems of the Holy See and the Presidential Committee of the Pontifical Council for the Family.
	www.the-new-pope.com /2005/04/05 (4747 words)

	Angelo Cardinal Sodano - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		His Eminence Angelo Cardinal Sodano (born November 23, 1927) is the Cardinal Secretary of State, first appointed by Pope John Paul II and then reappointed by Pope Benedict XVI.
		He is the first person to be simultaneously Dean and Secretary of State since 1828.
		He returned to Rome in 1988 as Secretary of the, which in 1989 became the of the Secretariat of State.
	www.kernersville.us /project/wikipedia/index.php/Angelo_Sodano (579 words)

	On February 11, 1929, at the Lateran Palace in Rome, Pietro Gasparri, Cardinal Secretary of State to Pope Pius XI, and ...
		On February 11, 1929, at the Lateran Palace in Rome, Pietro Gasparri, Cardinal Secretary of State to Pope Pius XI, and Benito Mussolini, Il Duce of the Italian State, signed a series of documents known as the Lateran Accords.
		In the meantime, on February 6, 1922, Pius XI was elected by the Cardinals to assume St. Peter's throne.
		By signing a treaty, the Italian State recognized the sovereignty of the Catholic Church, and dealt with her as a member of the international community.
	www.geocities.com /Athens/Troy/1344/lateran.html (2292 words)

	Lateran treaties - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		The treaties were negotiated between Cardinal Secretary of State Pietro Gasparri on behalf of the Holy See, and Benito Mussolini, the Fascist leader, as Prime Minister of Italy.
		A concordat defining the civil and religious relations between the government and the church within Italy (summarised in the motto: "free church in free State").
		Through the concordat, the Pope agreed to submit candidates for bishop and archbishop to the Italian government, to require bishops to swear allegiance to the Italian state before taking offices, and to forbid the clergy from taking part in politics.
	www.sevenhills.us /project/wikipedia/index.php/Lateran_Treaties (288 words)

	ANGELO CARDINAL SODANO FACTS AND INFORMATION (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		As Secretary of State, it was Cardinal Sodano who was the principal celebrant at the funeral mass for John_Cardinal_O'Connor, Archbishop of New York.
		After the death of Pope John Paul II in 2005 Sodano was seldom seen as one of the ''Papabili'', or the cardinals likely to become the next Pope, due to his advanced age (although he is seven months younger than John Paul's successor, Benedict XVI) and his lack of experience outside the Roman_Curia.
		Sodano was, however, one of the cardinal electors who participated in the 2005 papal conclave that selected Pope_Benedict_XVI.
	www.witwib.com /Angelo_Cardinal_Sodano (485 words)

	Cardinal Merry del Val, Papal Secretary of State
		The office of His Eminence is precisely like that held by the Secretary of State in America, being the first place in the papal cabinet or ministry, and concerned chiefly with foreign affairs.
		Cardinal Merry del Val is of Spanish blood and birth, with an Irish strain in his immediate ancestry.
		Cardinal Rampolla was his patron, the eminent Secretary of State to Leo XIII.
	www.oldandsold.com /articles26/pilgrimage-22.shtml (1043 words)

	PetersNet: J. Michael Miller, C.S.B., The Pope's Team: the Vatican's Secretariat of State (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		The cardinal secretary of state is the pope's righthand man. As such, he is not subject to the fiveyear term of office common to all other heads of dicasteries.
		Under the cardinal secretary of state, he is responsible for implementing the Pope's policies in the international arena.
		The circle of the Pope's closest collaborators in Rome is the Curia.
	www.petersnet.net /browse/110.htm (2087 words)

	Means used by the Nazi conspirators in gaining control of the German State.
		On 18 November 1942 the Papal Secretary of State requested the Archbishop of Breslau, Cardinal Bertram, to use every effort to assist Polish Catholic workers transferred to Germany, who were being deprived of the consolations of religion.
		On 7 December 1942 the Cardinal Archbishop of Breslau replied that all possible efforts were being put forward by the German Bishops without success on behalf of the victims of concentration camps and labor battalions, and deplored "the intolerable decrees" against religious ministration to Poles.
		On 2 March 1943, the Cardinal Secretary of State addressed a note to von Ribbentrop, Reichsminister for Foreign Affairs, in which the violations of religious rights and conscience among the civilian population of Poland were set out in detail, and the time, locality, and character of the persecutions were specified.
	www.vex.net /~nizkor/hweb/imt/nca/nca-01/nca-01-07-means-36.html (1035 words)

	Vatican City (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		The Head of State is the Pope; the Heads of Government are the Secretary of State and Governor of Vatican City (sometimes referred to as the President of Vatican City).
		The chief executive of the larger Roman Catholic Church is the Secretary of State, specifically responsible for the foreign relations of Vatican City.
		Archbishop Giovanni Lajolo, Secretary of the Section for Relations With States of the Secretariat of State is the Vatican's foreign minister.
	www.worldhistory.com /wiki/V/Vatican-City.htm (2265 words)

	Profile
		Innocent XII definitively abolished the office of Cardinal Nephew, and the powers of that office were assigned to the Cardinal Secretary of State alone.
		As the Pope’s first collaborator in the governance of the universal Church, the Cardinal Secretary of State is the one primarily responsible for the diplomatic and political activity of the Holy See, in some circumstances representing the person of the Supreme Pontiff himself.
		The Second Section of the Secretariat of State is headed by an Archbishop, the Secretary for Relations with States, aided by a Prelate, the Under-Secretary for Relations with States, and assisted by Cardinals and Bishops.
	www.vatican.va /roman_curia/secretariat_state/documents/rc_seg-st_12101998_profile_en.html (871 words)

	A List of Masons in The Hierarchy of the Catholic Church
		Secretary of State (next to Pope) under Pope John XXIII and Pope Paul VI.
		Secretary of State (next to Pope) under Pope John Paul II since July 1, 1979 until retired in 1989.
		Attaché of Secretary of State and Notare of Second Section of Supreme Tribunal and of Apostolic Signature.
	crossspot.net /ldprophet/Freemasons.htm (971 words)

	Becky's Page
		The Secretary of State of the Vatican would correspond in the modern civil Government to a combination of the Prime Minister and Foreign Minister.
		The Secretary of State is the political Head of the Vatican.
		That does not mean, of course, that the cardinals, the main pillars of the Catholic Church as a religious institution, are unimportant in the direction of diplomatic and political matters.
	www.geocities.com /visplace/vatican3.htm (4745 words)

	Holy See (08/05)
		The Roman Curia consists of the Secretariat of State, nine Congregations, three Tribunals, 11 Pontifical Councils, and a complex of offices that administer church affairs at the highest level.
		The United States maintained consular relations with the Papal States from 1797 to 1870 and diplomatic relations with the Pope, in his capacity as head of the Papal States, from 1848 to 1868, though not at the ambassadorial level.
		U.S. citizens who are long-term visitors or traveling in dangerous areas are encouraged to register their travel via the State Department’s travel registration web site at https://travelregistration.state.gov or at the Consular section of the U.S. embassy upon arrival in a country by filling out a short form and sending in a copy of their passports.
	www.state.gov /r/pa/ei/bgn/3819.htm (1988 words)

	News
		Cardinal Secretary of State Angelo Sodano, in the name of the Holy Father, also celebrated a Mass in St. Peter's Basilica at 12 noon today for the deceased pontiffs whom he recalled in his homily as "masters of sound doctrine, faithful and wise dispensers of those truths which lead us to Heaven."
		At the end of his homily, the secretary of state said: "Yes, the life of these two great pontiffs was indeed 'a life hidden with Christ in God', because both knew how 'to lose it' for Christ, having placed it in his hands from the very day of their priestly ordination."
		Bishop Bobadilla Mata was born in Guatemala City in 1932, made his perpetual vows in the community of the Fathers of the Mission of St. Vincent de Paul in 1954, was ordained a priest in 1958 and a bishop in 1987.
	www.christusrex.org /www2/news-old/9-96/es9-28-96.html (675 words)

	CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Palatini
		Their authority continued down until the middle of the eleventh century, when the reforms of the papal administration, inaugurated after the troubles of the tenth century, placed the cardinals in that position at the Roman curia, which the judices palatini had previously occupied, and the latter gradually disappeared.
		Until very recent times the cardinales palatini were: the cardinal prodatary, the cardinal Secretary of State, the cardinal secretary of Briefs, and the cardinal secretary of Memorials.
		Pius X has abolished the two last-mentioned positions; the holders of the other two are still called cardinales palatini, or "palatine cardinals" but only the cardinal secretary of State lives at the Vatican.
	www.newadvent.org /cathen/11417a.htm (517 words)

	Lords Hansard text for 22 Jan 2001 (210122-04)
		It is worth stating that every noble Lord wants to see progress made in combating the degenerative diseases to which the Minister has referred.
		Last week at various briefing meetings, I heard eminent scientists state that the use of human embryos is wholly unnecessary in achieving cures for terrible degenerative diseases such as Parkinson's and Alzheimer's.
		That Act states, as we know, that research may only be undertaken--and, at the moment, research only for issues connected with reproduction and fertility--if there is no other way of achieving what is required.
	www.publications.parliament.uk /pa/ld200001/ldhansrd/vo010122/text/10122-04.htm (12315 words)

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