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	Thomas Cardinal Wolsey - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Wolsey was educated at Magdalen College, Oxford and then headed the college school before becoming a personal chaplain, first to the Archbishop of Canterbury, and then to the governor of Calais where he met Henry VII.
		Wolsey, aware of the diplomatic complexities and facing a physical threat to his own life should he grant the annulment (the Pope was reluctant to grant the annulment), himself was slow in arranging the request.
		Wolsey was buried in Leicester Abbey (now Abbey Park) without any monument at all, and Henry VIII considered using the impressive fl sarcophagus for himself, but Lord Nelson now lies in it, in the crypt of St.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Cardinal_Wolsey (943 words)

	Cardinal Thomas Wolsey (1473? - 1530)
		Wolsey councelled Henry to form an alliance with France, the peace was signed in August 1514, and Louis XII agreed to increase the pension the French were paying in reparations.
		Wolsey arranged the breaking of Princess Mary's betrothal to the French Dauphin, and in the spring of 1521 Charles proposed to marry her, to the great happiness of the Queen.
		Wolsey suggested that he be sent to France to convince King Francis to use his influence to persuade the Pope to extend Wolsey's authority, in order that Wolsey could judge on the case.
	www.luminarium.org /encyclopedia/wolseybio.htm (3201 words)

	Primary Sources: The fall of Cardinal Thomas Wolsey, 1530
		The cardinal would also speak fair to the people to win their hearts, and always declared that he was unjustly and untruly commanded, which fair speaking made many men believe that he spoke the truth.
		When the cardinal was thus arrested the king sent Sir William Kingston Knight, captain of the guard and constable of the Tower of London with some of the yeomen of the guard to Sheffield, to fetch the cardinal to the Tower.
		When the cardinal saw the captain of the guard he was much astonished and shortly became ill, for he foresaw some great trouble, and for that reason men said he willingly took so much strong purgative that his constitution could not bear it.
	englishhistory.net /tudor/priwols1.html (883 words)

	Cardinal Wolsey
		Cardinal Thomas Wolsey was born in c1473 and died in November 1530.
		Wolsey received support at court from William Warham who was Archbishop of Canterbury from 1503 to 1532 and Chancellor from 1504 to 1515.
		Wolsey’s fall from grace was over his inability to persuade the pope that Henry should have a divorce from Catherine of Aragon.
	www.historylearningsite.co.uk /cardinal_wolsey.htm (792 words)

	Thomas, Cardinal Wolsey biography
		Thomas Wolsey (or "Wulcy" as he called himself), was born between 1471 and 1474 in Ipswich, the son of a prosperous merchant.
		Wolsey's greatest contributions came as Master of the Rolls, in which post he initiated reforms which greatly eased the beaurocratic functioning of the court administration.
		Wolsey could now afford to indulge his love of pomp and lavish living; he maintained a huge household, and lived with a great show of expense.
	www.britainexpress.com /History/tudor/wolsey.htm (1059 words)

	wolsey (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Katharine of Aragon is speaking of Cardinal Wolsey.
		Wolsey was born in Ipswich and educated at the University of Oxford.
		Wolsey also rose rapidly in the church, becoming bishop of Lincoln and archbishop of York in 1514, a cardinal in 1515, and a papal legate in 1518.
	www.d.umn.edu /~aroos/wolsey.html (864 words)

	Thomas WOLSEY (Cardinal) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Nanfan recommended Wolsey to the King on his retirement in 1506 and in 1507 Wolsey became a chaplain to Henry VII, and was befriended by the influential Richard Fox, Bishop of Winchester.
		Wolsey was present through Henry's successful campaign, and at the King's request the Pope named him Bishop of Tournay; but he never obtained possession and later on surrendered his claim to the bishopric for an annual pension.
		Wolsey did not wish Henry to marry Anne, but he was not averse to ridding himself of Catalina's adverse political influence, for her sympathy with her nephew the Emperor caused her to dislike Wolsey's French policy.
	www.tudorplace.com.ar /Bios/ThomasWolsey(Cardinal).htm (4497 words)

	Cardinal Wolsey
		Wolsey was an early advocate of preserving European peace by instituting an international court that could arbitrate disputes, but the court never materialized.
		Wolsey did manage to persuade all the major European powers to agree to the Treaty of London (October 1518.) The states all agreed to preserve perpetual peace; (war between France and Charles V recommenced in 1521).
		Wolsey was equally unsuccessful in obtaining any gains for England in the Peace of Cambrai (August 1529) which suspended the war between France and the Hapsburgs.
	history.wisc.edu /sommerville/123/123%20212%20Wolsey.htm (928 words)

	Tudor Citizens - Thomas Wolsey (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		The life of Cardinal Wolsey is one of the great cautionary tales of Henry VIII's reign; like his protégé, Thomas Cromwell, Wolsey rose and fell by the whim of a conflicted and contradictory king.
		Wolsey and Henry became close friends, or as close as one could be to a king.
		Wolsey was always a churchman though this should not imply ignorance of the material world.
	englishhistory.net /tudor/citizens/wolsey.html (2540 words)

	Cardinal Wolsey
		A man of "unbounded stomach," Thomas Wolsey* was a brilliant and ambitious butcher's son who rose to a position of almost unlimited power during the first twenty years of Henry VIII's reign.
		Wolsey organized the successful French campaign of 1513, the later peace agreement with Louis XII (1516), and the opulent meeting between Henry and Francis I on the Field of Cloth of Gold (1520).
		But Wolsey's success made him a target for satire*, and fortune's wheel eventually turned; his was a classic example of downfall and death.
	ise.uvic.ca /Library/SLT/history/wolsey.html (303 words)

	Henry VIII and Cardinal Wolsey
		Wolsey ensured that this expedition was well equipped, and it won the Battle of Spurs and captured the French town of Tournai.
		Wolsey ruled the English church despotically, and in his own life embodied many of the vices (simony, nepotism and pluralism) to which both Christian humanists and Protestant reformers objected.
		The failure of Wolsey's foreign policy was one reason why Henry turned on his adviser, but a more important one was Wolsey's inability to obtain a divorce for Henry from Katherine of Aragon.
	history.wisc.edu /sommerville/361/361-06.htm (1221 words)

	CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Thomas Cardinal Wolsey
		It was a bold policy for Wolsey, for, having incurred the jealousy of the nobility by his power, he had aroused the hostility of the people by financial exactions, and he provoked the enmity of all by the extravagant pomp with which he surrounded himself on all his public appearances.
		Wolsey did not wish Henry to marry Anne, but he was not averse to ridding himself of Katherine's adverse political influence, for her sympathy with her nephew the emperor caused her to dislike Wolsey's French policy.
		When the pope appointed Cardinal Campeggio to try the case in England with Wolsey, the English cardinal soon learnt that the matter was entirely in his colleague's hands.
	www.newadvent.org /cathen/15685a.htm (2346 words)

	Cardinal Thomas Wolsey
		During the early years of Henry VIII's reign, Cardinal Wolsey shaped England's policy abroad and was the leading figure in both church and state at home.
		But Wolsey's greed, arrogance, and insatiable lust for power outweighed his many great qualities, and the sumptuous edifice to his grandeur was built on sand.
		Wolsey had reluctantly made himself responsible for the success of Henry's appeal to Rome for an annulment of the king's marriage to Catherine of Aragon.
	www.renaissance-faire.com /Renfaires/Entertainment/Wolsey.htm (556 words)

	KING HENRY VIII DRAMATIS PERSONAE KING HENRY the Eighth (KING HENRY VIII:) CARDINAL WOLSEY (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		CARDINAL WOLSEY I know your majesty has always loved her So dear in heart, not to deny her that A woman of less place might ask by law: Scholars allow'd freely to argue for her.
		CARDINAL CAMPEIUS So please your highness, The queen being absent, 'tis a needful fitness That we adjourn this court till further day: Meanwhile must be an earnest motion Made to the queen, to call back her appeal She intends unto his holiness.
		CARDINAL WOLSEY Sir, For holy offices I have a time; a time To think upon the part of business which I bear i' the state; and nature does require Her times of preservation, which perforce I, her frail son, amongst my brethren mortal, Must give my tendence to.
	www.skepticfiles.org /books/henry8.htm (18007 words)

	The Session: Sessions - Cardinal Wolsey, Hampton Court
		The Cardinal Wolsey was a long running and successful session until a change of management we're hoping to get it going again with the new landlord Derek whose really keen to make it a succesful music venue.
		The landlord of the Cardinal Wolsey is really keen for us to start at 8.30pm this will give three hours playing to about 11.30 when we leave.
		Cardinal Wolsey has now finished Landlady Maureen told us 1/11/04 she's having troubles with neighbours and her licence.
	www.thesession.org /sessions/display.php/522 (369 words)

	Additional Reading (from Wolsey, Thomas, Cardinal) -- Encyclopædia Britannica
		Cardinals serve as chief officials of the Roman Curia (the papal bureaucracy), as bishops of major dioceses, and often as papal envoys.
		The cardinal, or redbird, is a North American songbird found mostly east of the Rocky Mountains and belonging to the family Fringillidae.
		The cardinal is about 8 inches (20 centimeters) long, a little smaller than a robin.
	www.britannica.com /eb/article-7995?tocId=7995 (821 words)

	Cardinal Wolsey (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Cardinal Wolsey - The king's right-hand man, Wolsey is quite a schemer.
		He engineers a truce with France before the play begins, then a break with Spain when the king divorces Katharine, who is the daughter of the king of Spain.
		Wolsey finally understands that he was wrong to have so much arrogance and realizes that he was out of his depth to be plotting the future of the kingdom as he saw fit.
	www.sparknotes.com /shakespeare/henryviii/terms/char_2.html (212 words)

	Henry VIII - Press Archive - Was portrayal of Wolsey a cardinal sin?
		Wolsey fell from grace when he was unable to gain the Pope's approval for
		“Wolsey was as ambitious and ruthless as the king himself.
		Mr Underwood said the portrayal of Wolsey's as a lowly butcher's son was
	www.compleatseanbean.com /henry-press20.html (731 words)

	Thomas Cardinal Wolsey (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		The son of a butcher, Wolsey was educated at Magdalen College, Oxford and then headed the college school before becoming a personal chaplain, first to the Archbishop of Canterbury, and then to the governor of Calais where he met Henry VII.
		Despite the many enemies his greed and ambition earned him, he held Henry VIII's confidence until Henry decided to seek a church annulment (sometimes called a 'divorce' but it wasn't in the modern sense of the word) of his marriage to Catherine of Aragon so he could marry Anne Boleyn.
		Wolsey was buried in Leicester Abbey[?] without any monument at all, and VIII of England">Henry VIII considered using the impressive fl sarcophagus for himself, but Lord Nelson now lies in it, in the crypt of St.
	www.city-search.org /th/thomas-cardinal-wolsey.html (970 words)

	Cardinal Thomas Wolsey (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		The son of a butcher, Cardinal Thomas Wolsey became one of the most influential men in Europe.
		After Henry VII's death, he rose in the ranks of Henry VIII's advisors to become both Cardinal and Chancellor in 1515, his power second only to that of the king.
		Wolsey's diplomatic failure, combined with Anne Boleyn's suspicion of his loyalty, landed him in the Tower of London, where he died before he could be executed.
	www.pbs.org /wgbh/masterpiece/henryviii/whoswho/wolsey.html (257 words)

	Wolsey, Thomas on Encyclopedia.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		(wool´zē), 1473?-1530, English statesman and prelate, cardinal of the Roman Catholic Church.
		The rise and fall of Thomas Wolsey: Russel Tarr considers key issues from the life of the famous cardinal.
		Greene's use of the history of Oxford in The Honourable History of Friar Bacon and Friar Bungay.(Essays)(Robert Greene)
	www.encyclopedia.com /html/W/Wolsey-T1.asp (308 words)

	MSN Encarta - Thomas Wolsey
		Wolsey, Thomas (1475-1530), English statesman and cardinal, who was among the last great clergymen to dominate political life in England.
		Leicester (England), location of the tomb of Thomas Wolsey
		Become a subscriber today and gain access to:
	encarta.msn.com /encyclopedia_761576176/Thomas_Cardinal_Wolsey.html (83 words)

	Thomas Wolsey
		–1530, English statesman and prelate, cardinal of the Roman Catholic Church.
		(Cardinal Thomas Wolsey; freedom of the press) (The European)
		Spot the difference between Derry Irvine and Cardinal Wolsey.(Features) (The Independent (London, England))
	www.infoplease.com /ce6/people/A0852623.html (106 words)

	William Tyndale: He Gave His Life to Give Us the Bible > The Good News : July/August 2004
		The religious authorities in England, motivated by Cardinal Wolsey, had set their European counterparts against Tyndale.
		Tyndale then fled with his meager operations, traveling via the Rhine River to Worms, another continental German city with a reputation for tolerance.
		According to The Columbia Encyclopedia, "Cardinal Wolsey ordered Tyndale seized at Worms." But the translator first found refuge in Marburg, and then he decided to move on to Antwerp in Belgium.
	www.ucgstp.org /lit/gn/gn053/williamtyndale.htm (2195 words)

	Amazon.ca: Books: Naked to Mine Enemies: The Life of Cardinal Wolsey (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Amazon.ca: Books: Naked to Mine Enemies: The Life of Cardinal Wolsey
		Naked to Mine Enemies: The Life of Cardinal Wolsey
		Top of Page : Naked to Mine Enemies: The Life of Cardinal Wolsey
	www.amazon.ca /exec/obidos/ASIN/0316278831 (107 words)

	Silent Era : PSFL : Cardinal Wolsey (1912)
		Silent Era : PSFL : Cardinal Wolsey (1912)
		Survival Status: Incomplete print exists in the National Film Archive of the British Film Institute film archive (872 feet).
		Silent Era Home Page > PSFL > Cardinal Wolsey (1912)
	www.silentera.com /PSFL/data/C/CardinalWolsey1912.html (142 words)

	Cardinal Wolsey
		Thomas Wolsey was, for a time, the most powerful man in Tudor England after King Henry VIII.
		Appointed Lord Chancellor by Henry VIII, Wolsey's meteoric rise to power was swift.
		Born the son of a wool merchant, he graduated from Magdalen College, Oxford
	www.renaissancefestival.com /costumes/costume.asp?pid=A13-118 (51 words)

	Gilbert. Wolsey (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Detail of Cardinal Wolsey, Chancellor of England, on His Progress to Westminster Hall, 1886-7.
		Petitioners try to catch his attention and hand him notes pleading their causes, but his imperious disdain for them is obvious; he holds to his nose a pomander of orange and spices to fend off their odors.
		And from that full meridian of my glory
	www.english.emory.edu /classes/Shakespeare_Illustrated/Gilbert.Wolsey.html (69 words)

	Henry VIII Act 3
		Believe me, she has had much wrong: lord cardinal,
		So deep suspicion, where all faith was meant.
		How that the cardinal did entreat his holiness
	www.onlineshakespeare.com /henry8seg3.html (3073 words)

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