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Topic: Cardinal vowel

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Close front unrounded vowel

Tongue, Highland

Received Pronunciation

Jackie Brenston

Jinbin Expressway

Bridgeport, New Jersey

Society of Economic Geologists

	Cardinal vowel - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Cardinal vowels are a set of reference vowels used by phoneticians in describing the sounds of languages.
		For instance, the vowel of the English word "feet" can be described with reference to cardinal vowel 1, [i], which is the cardinal vowel closest to it.
		Vowel sound produced when the tongue is in an extreme position, either front or back, high or low.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Cardinal_vowel (412 words)

	Vowel - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		In tonal languages, in most cases the tone of a syllable is carried by the vowel, meaning that the relative pitch or the pitch contour that marks the tone is superimposed on the vowel.
		Vowels are especially important to the structures of words in languages that have very few consonants (like Polynesian languages such as Maori and Hawaiian), and in languages whose inventory of vowels is larger than its inventory of consonants.
		Furthermore, in English some vowel sounds are represented by combinations of vowel letters, such as the ea in beat or by a vowel letter and an approximant letter, as the ow in how, or the er in her.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Vowel (3285 words)

	Vowel - Open Encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-08-19)
		In phonetics, a vowel is a sound in spoken language that is characterized by an open configuration of the vocal tract, in contrast to consonants, which are characterized by a constriction or closure at one or more points along the vocal tract.
		Vowels usually form the peak or nucleus of a syllable, whereas consonants form the onset and coda.
		Vowels are especially important to the structures of words in languages that have very few consonants (like Pacific languages such as Maori and Hawaiian) and in languages whose inventory of vowels is larger than its inventory of consonants (like Sedang, a relative of Vietnamese, which contrasts 55 different vowel qualities).
	open-encyclopedia.com /Vowel (1728 words)

	Close back rounded vowel - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Its vowel height is close, which means the tongue is positioned as close as possible to the roof of the mouth without creating a constriction that would be classified as a consonant.
		Its vowel backness is back, which means the tongue is positioned as far back as possible in the mouth in the mouth without creating a constriction that would be classified as a consonant.
		Its vowel roundedness is rounded, which means that the lips are rounded and protrude, and the inner surfaces are exposed.
	www.wikipedia.org /wiki/Close_back_rounded_vowel (209 words)

	Vowel Theories (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-08-19)
		Vowels were assumed to be spaced at auditorily equal intervals of tongue position.
		Vowels are dispersed in the phonetic space (tongue position, rounding) in such a way as to maximize auditory differences among the vowels.
		When phoneticians listen to a audio recording of a vowel in an unknown language that is not found on the primary cardinal vowel "slice", they may not be able to tell whether the the vowel is a front rounded or a back unrounded vowel--they cannot separate position in the space from rounding.
	www.ling.yale.edu:16080 /ling120/Vowels/Vowel_Theories.html (743 words)

	Vowel
		Height refers to the tongue position during the articulation of a vowel relative to the roof and bottom of the mouth.
		In high vowels, such as [i][ and ]u[], the tongue is positioned high in the mouth, whereas in low vowels, such as a, the tongue is positioned low in the mouth.
		Spanish and Modern Greek, for example, have this vowel system; Latin had a similar system (it made a difference of long and short vowels in speech, but not in writing); it is for this reason that the Latin alphabet has five vowel letters.
	www.sciencedaily.com /encyclopedia/vowel (1685 words)

	Cardinal vowel - Encyclopedia.WorldSearch (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-08-19)
		For instance, the vowel of "get" in British English can be described with reference to cardinal vowel 3,, which is the cardinal vowel closest to it.
		Vowel systems and X-ray photography;: An assessment of the Cardinal Vowel Chart, (Communications from the School of African Studies, University of Cape Town)
		A quantitative theory of cardinal vowels and the teaching of pronunciation (Publication / Dept. of Phonetics, Institute of Linguistics, University of Stockholm)
	encyclopedia.worldsearch.com /cardinal_vowel.htm (400 words)

	Vowel (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-08-19)
		In phonetics a vowel is a sound in spoken language that is characterized by an open of the vocal tract in contrast to consonants which are characterized by a constriction closure at one or more points along vocal tract.
		Vowels form the peak or nucleus of a syllable whereas consonants form the onset and Some languages allow sounds that wouldn't normally classified as vowels to form the nucleus a syllable such as the sound of m in the English word prism or the sound of r in the Czech word vrba (meaning "willow").
		Sometimes vowels are defined the criterion of whether they form the of a syllable and by that criterion sounds are vowels but usually the sounds that form the nucleus of a syllable are sonorants.
	www.freeglossary.com /Vowel (1806 words)

	Cardinal vowel (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-08-19)
		vowel cardinal cardinal bird cardinal mahoney cardinal richelieu cardinal slim northern cardinal cardinal fireplace surrounds
		Vowel Harmony and Disharmony in Tuvan and Tofa.
		A letter representing the sound of vowel; in, the vowels are ''a, e, i, o and u, and, in come cases, y''.
	www.serebella.com /encyclopedia/article-Cardinal_vowel.html (423 words)

	audiufon: audio demonstrations, Utrecht University, Phonetics
		But vowels are spoken in order to be heard, and it is interesting to hear the reference vowel sounds from their primary source, i.e.
		In fact, this sound recording is not an arbitrary medium of the cardinal vowel idea (like books or manuscripts are), but it constitutes the very essence of it: the vowel sounds themselves.
		Cardinal Vowels can only be learnt from a teacher who knows how to make them or from a gramophone record or tape record.
	www.let.uu.nl /~audiufon/data/e_cardinal_vowels.html (253 words)

	TRINPsite: Book of Symbols: The Choice of Vowel(s) and Consonant(s) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-08-19)
		In phonetics cardinal vowels are often plotted on a diagram with the sound ï (pronounced as in technique), or a similar but shorter one, at the extreme left.
		The unstressed schwa (pronounced as the first vowel in abut) and the similarly articulated stressed vowel (the second in abut) can, just like the ä, be plotted in the middle of a cardinal vowel diagram with the unstressed schwa half-open to half-close and its stressed equivalent open to half-open.
		That the ä is not only a universal vowel but also of a neutral nature clearly shows in the (main dialect of the) most widely spoken language (which does not belong to the same family as the present language).
	www.trinp.org /MNI/BoS/2/3/2.HTM (1631 words)

	Cardinal vowel -- Facts, Info, and Encyclopedia article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-08-19)
		For instance, the vowel of the (An Indo-European language belonging to the West Germanic branch; the official language of Britain and the United States and most of the Commonwealth countries) English word "feet" can be described with reference to cardinal vowel 1,, which is the cardinal vowel closest to it.
		(A speech sound made with the vocal tract open) Vowel sound produced when the (A mobile mass of muscular tissue covered with mucous membrane and located in the oral cavity) tongue is in an extreme position, either front or back, high or low.
		Other vowel sounds are also recognised on the vowel chart of the (Click link for more info and facts about International Phonetic Alphabet) International Phonetic Alphabet.
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/c/ca/cardinal_vowel.htm (698 words)

	CA162 Principles of Linguistics ACL1 Phonetics Notes 3 - Vowels (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-08-19)
		Cardinal vowels are based on the idea of an articulatory VOWEL SPACE in which all possible vowels occur.
		Cardinal vowels are therefore anchored to the extremes of the vowel space, and the resultant sounds are unnaturally extreme, i.e.
		The cardinal vowels have been handed down orally for almost a century, and are shared by phoneticians all over the world: now it's your turn.
	www.compapp.dcu.ie /~alex/CA162/PHONETICS/vowels.html (694 words)

	Cardinal Vowels
		Vowels can be classified according to, (and so points on the quadrilateral represent,) the position of the highest point of the tongue in forming the vowel.
		The vowel quadrilateral and the cardinal vowels are the work of Daniel Jones.
		The idea is that in identifying the quality of each vowel in a particular language, one will compare it to the cardinal vowels, note its relationship to them, and then use the symbol of the nearest cardinal vowel as a basis from which to transcribe it.
	www.phon.ox.ac.uk /%7Ejcoleman/CardinalVowels.htm (848 words)

	Vowel (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-08-19)
		However, some languages allow sounds that wouldn't normally be classified as vowels to form the nucleus of a syllable, such as the sound of m in the English word prism, or the sound of r in the Czech word vrba (meaning "willow").
		Long vowels are written in the IPA with a triangular colon, which has two equilateral triangles pointing at each other in place of dots (e.g.
		English has all three types: the vowel sound in hit is a monophthong [ɪ], the vowel sound in boy is in most dialects a diphthong [ɔɪ], and the vowel sounds of way [weɪ], flower (BrE [aʊə] AmE [aʊɚ]) form a triphthong, although the particular qualities vary by dialect.
	www.worldhistory.com /wiki/V/Vowel.htm (2009 words)

	Symmetry: Vowel Systems - Babel Babble - UniLang
		We describe vowel systems with reference to the articulatory space that sounds occupy in the vocal tract, as represented by the cardinal vowel diagram, which is a set of standardized reference points based on articulatory and perceptual cues.
		Vowel systems, thus, tend to place (vowel) sounds in such a way they are more readily distinguishable from each other rather then in relative proximity.
		Most vowel systems (and here we are talking about phonemic sounds, not phonetic sounds) are triangular, and usually present 3 to 5 vowel sounds; generally those sounds are [i], [u] and [a], or [e], [o], and [a], which are relatively the most distant sounds from each other one can get.
	home.unilang.org /babelbabble/index.php?n=19&t=11 (626 words)

	Cardinal vowel (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-08-19)
		Vowel sound produced when the tongue is inan extreme position, either front or back, high or low.
		See Daniel Jones.Cardinal vowels are obtained by dividing the "operture space" between the closest vowels [i] and [u] and the most open vowel [a]in four equal "degrees" of operture: close (high tongue position), close-mid, open-mid, and open (low tongue position).
		Thesedegrees of operture plus the front-back distinction originates 8 reference articulatory points, and the 16 IPA cardinal vowelswhen the position of lips are considered (rounded/unrounded vowels).
	www.therfcc.org /cardinal-vowel-78733.html (119 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-08-19)
		The values of the first and second formants of vowels can be used to approximate the position of the tongue in the oral cavity whilst producing the vowel.
		The first formant relates to the “height” of the vowel – how close to the roof of the mouth the tongue is, while the second formant relates to the “frontedness” of the vowel – how close to the front of the mouth the highest portion of the tongue is.
		There is a general trend for the vowels to be lower and closer to the back of the vowel quadrilateral.
	www.netsoc.tcd.ie /~firebird/expt.html (681 words)

	Vowels
		It stands for the vowel that is the furthest back and the lowest possible vowel in the vowel space (the vowel with the highest F1 and the closest F2 to F1).
		The secondary cardinal vowels are obtained by using the opposite lip-rounding on each primary cardinal vowel.
		The primary and secondary cardinal vowels are often referred to by a number as well as by their symbols.
	umanitoba.ca /faculties/arts/linguistics/russell/138/sec5/vowels1.htm (483 words)

	ipsweb5_intro (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-08-19)
		Vowels are produced when vocal fold vibration excites the resonances of the vocal tract.
		Vowels may be long or short, and may be monophthongs or diphthongs.
		The auditory properties of vowels can be related to a diagram known as the vowel quadrilateral, and fixed landmark qualities in the quadrilateral are known as cardinal vowels.
	www.phon.ucl.ac.uk /home/johnm/ips/chapter5/ipsweb5_intro.htm (239 words)

	Talk: Vowel - Open Encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-08-19)
		The problem is that in certain phonological analyses of English, words like "fire" and "jail" constitute just a single so-called super-heavy syllable, which many people perceive as being two syllables when the pronounce the word in isolation or citation form.
		From a phonetic point of view, diphthongs and triphthongs are just connected series of vowels; the status of the number of syllables doesn't play into the phonetic definition of diphthongs and triphthongs.
		However, when you start getting into phonology, the distinction between series of vowels in separate syllables and monosyllabic diphthongs and triphthongs becomes important.
	talk.open-encyclopedia.com /Vowel (408 words)

	vgridin (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-08-19)
		The aim of the program is to provide practice in the use of the vowel quadrilateral (also known as the cardinal vowel diagram).
		Vowels are chosen at random, so you may hear the same one twice or more in succession.If you wish to hear the same vowel again, click the "Repeat" button.
		Your task is then to locate the vowel on the vowel quadrilateral.
	www.btinternet.com /~eptotd/vm/vgrid/vgridin.htm (268 words)

	[No title]
		Vowel height (auditory quality) is key, not tongue height (articulatory quality) except for (1) and (5)
		Slant on the left of the vowel chart indicates that the degree of distance in F1 - F2 decreases from (1) to (4)
		Differ from primary cardinal vowels in that the secondary vowels have the opposite amount of lip rounding
	www.cs.indiana.edu /~adamlear/l306/final_cardinalv.html (189 words)

	Sona-Match
		The program includes a vowel chart mode that plots, in real time, the first formant against the second formant to graphically show client utilization of vowel space and neutralization.
		In vowel chart mode, the first two formants are plotted in real time (F2 on x-axis and F1 on y-axis).
		In the spectrum mode for vowels, an LPC-derived frequency spectrum is plotted in real time with formant values identified.
	www.kayelemetrics.com /Product%20Info/CSL%20Options/5127/5127.htm (626 words)

	Phonetics and Phonology (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-08-19)
		Clark's vowel symbols are an attempt to relate the actual pronunciation of each vowel by an average speaker of General Australian English (averaged across > 60 speakers) to the closest cardinal vowel.
		Table 8: The vowel symbols utilised by Mitchell and Delbridge (1968) and Harrington, Cox and Evans (1997).
		The links at the bottom of this section are to diagrams of acoustic data plotted onto cardinal vowel charts.
	www.ling.mq.edu.au /units/ling210-901/phonetics/ausenglish/auseng_vowels.html (718 words)

	Symbols for American English Vowel Sounds
		In these latter dialects, the preceding vowel is usually lengthened and often glides toward the central schwa sound.
		These central vowels are very close; often the inverted V is used to distinguish a stressed central vowel from an unstressed one (for which inverted e --schwa--is used).
		Bear well in mind, however, that the Cardinal framework is for placing the vowels of all languages, not just English, and the matchup is approximate and incomplete.
	faculty.washington.edu /dillon/PhonResources/newstart.html (436 words)

	7 bit representation of the IPA
		Cardinal vowel 2: close-mid front unrounded ("lower-case e")
		Cardinal vowel 10: close-mid front rounded ("slashed o")
		Cardinal vowel 12: open front rounded ("small capital o-e ligature")
	www.blahedo.org /ascii-ipa.html (577 words)

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