Cardinal-Infante Ferdinand

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	History of the Thirty Years' War in Germany By Johann Cristoph Friedrich von Schiller (1759-1805)- Chapter 7 from Nalanda Digital Library at NIT Calicut
		When the Cardinal Infante, as Viceroy of the Spanish Netherlands, refused satisfaction for these injuries, and delayed to restore the prince to liberty, Richelieu, after the old custom, formally proclaimed war at Brussels by a herald, and the war was at once opened by three different armies in Milan, in the Valteline, and in Flanders.
		Ferdinand II., his school-companion at Ingoldstadt, and the friend of his youth, was no more; and with the death of his friend and benefactor, the strong tie was dissolved which had linked the Elector to the House of Austria.
		The death of Cardinal Richelieu took place in November, 1642, and the subsequent change in the throne and in the ministry, occasioned by the death of Louis XIII., had for some time withdrawn the attention of France from the German war, and was the cause of the inaction of its troops in the field.
	www.nalanda.nitc.ac.in /resources/english/etext-project/history/thirtywar/chapter7.html

	CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Toledo (Spain)
		Cardinal Miguel Paya y Rico (1886-92) was a conspicuous figure at the Vatican Council when, as Bishop of Cuenca, he pronounced the decisive discourse which determined the proclamation of papal infallibility.
		Cardinal Francisco Antonio Lorenzana (1772-1800) understood how to wield, at a time when the Church was passing through a crisis, a power which would have done credit to the great prelates instrumental in the restoration of the Spanish Church in the past.
		Cardinal F. Zeferino González was an illustrious Dominican and the restorer of Scholasticism, author among many other well-known works of the "Estudios sobre la Filosofia" and "Estudios Religiosos, Filosoficos, Scientificos y Sociales".
	www.newadvent.org /cathen/14755a.htm

	Cardinal-Infante Ferdinand - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		King Ferdinand of Hungary, his uncle the emperor's son and heir, who was leading the Imperial army facing the Swedes in the Thirty Years War.
		This rumor was enhanced by another rumor that the French court was planning to marry Ferdinand to the daughter of the Duke of Orleans, the French king's brother.
		Numerous rumors and lies floated about, and it was claimed that Ferdinand was planning to become an independent ruler of the Spanish Netherlands with the help of the French King, an enemy of Spain.
	www.wikipedia.org /wiki/Cardinal-Infante_Ferdinand

	THIRTY YEARS' WAR
		Under the leadership nominally of the king of Hungary, Ferdinand's heir, but really of Gallas, the army recaptured Regensburg and Donauworth, and when the Spanish Cardinal Infante joined them with 15,000 men on his way from Italy to the Netherlands, they were invincible.
		The time had come for the Cardinal Infante to distribute his forces in winter quarters, and the garrison of Corbie, it is said, surrendered in good time in order not to be omitted in the allotment of comfortable billets in Belgium.
		In the west, though there were no such battles as Wittstock, the campaign of 1636 was one of the most, remarkable of the whole war.: The Cardinal Infante was not only relieved by the,retreat of the Dutch, but also reinforced by a fresh army (2) under a famous cavalry officer, Johann von Weert.
	www.xenophongi.org /milhist/modern/thirtyyears2.htm

	Pompus/aboutfestival
		In this, the greatest pictorial program executed by Rubens for his home city, he was commissioned to provide decorations for the entry of the new Spanish governor of the Netherlands, the Cardinal Infante Ferdinand of Hapsburg, into Antwerp on April 16, 1635.
	www.pompaintroitus2003.be /background.htm

	Asia Times Online :: Asian News, Business and Economy.
		Ferdinand II and his primary ally Maximilian I represented the re-Catholicizing zeal of the Jesuit Counter-reformation, while Frederick V of the Palatinate represented the equally militant forces of Calvinism.
		Cardinal Richelieu of Catholic France wanted an alliance with the Protestant Gustavus to form a counterweight to Hapsburg power in Europe.
		The Cardinal failed to maintain his push and he too was pushed back from Paris.
	www.atimes.com /atimes/Front_Page/GD14Aa01.html

	Ferdinand - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Ferdinand is a Germanic name composed of the words for prepared and journey.
		Ferdinand III, Grand Duke of Tuscany - 1769 - 1824 ; became grand duke 1790.
		Ferdinand IV, Archduke of Austria, duke of Modena.
	www.wikipedia.org /wiki/Ferdinand

	- Chapter 1
		Ferdinand II's son, the King of Hungary, succeeded him to the throne and reigned until his death in 1658 as Emperor Ferdinand III.
		As Cardinal Mazarin, he played the same role for Louis XIV that Richelieu had played for Louis XIII, and was every bit as competent.
		Armand-Jean du Plessis, Cardinal Richelieu, was effectively the ruler of France on behalf of King Louis XIII throughout most of the Thirty Years War.
	www.baen.com /Library/1011250006/1011250006___1.htm

	The Thirty Years War: The Fall of the Heilbronn League and the Peace of Prague
		After N& the armies divided, for although Ferdinand of Hungary wished his Spanish cousin to aid him in Germany, the Cardinal-Infante insisted on marching toward the Low Countries.
		Ferdinand, after consulting with a score of theologians and the Catholic Electors, finally decided that the Edict could be abandoned in part.
		Ferdinand of Hungary led his armies westward across Würtemburg: on 15 September, 1634 they took Göppingen, on the 16th, Heibronn, and on the 20th, the Würtemburg’s capital of Stuttgart.
	www.pipeline.com /~cwa/Prague_Phase.htm

	RUBENS' BRILLIANCE: Meuse-Rhine Journal
		The exhibition will focus on a number of these projects where the Hermitage and Courtauld holdings are exceptionally rich: the ceiling of the Banqueting House at Whitehall, the now lost ceilings of the Jesuit church in Antwerp, the Medici Cycle and the Triumphal Entry of Cardinal-Infante Ferdinand into Antwerp in 1635.
		In addition preparatory sketches for paintings such as The Conversion of St Paul, The Descent from the Cross and The Assumption of the Virgin will be on show together with a number of other oil sketches and closely related drawings and engravings.
		Rubens was widely acclaimed by his contemporaries as EuropeÂ’s greatest living painter and he was commissioned to produce vast decorative cycles of paintings for some of the most powerful people in Europe.
	198.63.55.197 /html/Lei_20030816161354.html

	The State Hermitage Museum: Exhibitions
		The final great project undertaken by Rubens featured in the exhibition is the triumphal entry of Cardinal-Infante Ferdinand into Antwerp in April 1635.
		Eight of the sketches from the Hermitage collection are exhibited, including The Stage of Welcome and the rear face of The Arch of Ferdinand.
		Rubens’ responsibility was to make the sketches and supervise the work of an army of artists, craftsmen and carpenters who were hired to build architectural arches and stages.
	www.hermitagemuseum.org /html_En/04/b2003/hm4_2_043.html

	The Thirty Years War: The Heilbronn League, the Fall of Wallenstein and the Battle of Nordlingen
		His cousin, Ferdinand, Cardinal-Infante of Spain, was given command of the Spanish expeditionary force in Northern Italy.
		The two Ferdinands were to join their forces and push west, clearing the “Spanish Road” between Northern Italy and the Low Countries.
		With Wallenstein dead, Ferdinand, King of Hungary, was given command of the Imperial forces.
	www.pipeline.com /~cwa/Nordlingen_Phase.htm

	ANTONIO MIRA DE AMESCUA - LoveToKnow Article on ANTONIO MIRA DE AMESCUA
		In 1610, being then arch-dean of Guadix, he accompanied the count de Lemos to Naples, and on his return to Spain was appointed (16.19) chaplain to the cardinal Infante Ferdinand of Austria; he is referred to as still alive in Montalbn.s Para todos (1632), and he collaborated with Montalb~n.
		Rojas Villandrandos Loa (1603), which was written several years before it was published.
	www.1911encyclopedia.org /M/MI/MIRA_DE_AMESCUA_ANTONIO.htm

	Gender and Class as Challenges for Feminist Biographies in Early Modern Spain, Anne J. Cruz
		Ana de Castro merely states that she wrote it to honor Philip IIIÂ’s son, the Cardinal-Infante Ferdinand, whom she had known as a small boy.
		Since Ferdinand was famous for his support of writers, the dedication confirms that the author moved easily in a male literary world of noble patronage.
		It was translated into Castilian from a Latin version by the Dominican Antonio de la PeÃ±a in 1511, by order of Cardinal Cisneros, whose devotion to female religious accompanied the growth of spiritual communities led by women.
	www.gc.maricopa.edu /laberinto/2002/cruz.htm

	Definition of lindy infante
		1:...or of the Habsburg Netherlands]], [[Cardinal]], [[ Infante ]], [[Archbishop]] of [[Toledo]] (1619-41).
		Infante first appeared as an extra in the movie "En un bu...
		Infante had an exceptional range and enough arm to make t...
	www.wordiq.com /search/lindy+infante.html

	Guardian Peter Paul Rubens
		Others cannot be seen at all, but you wish they could - particularly the ornate, intellectually dense, temporary street decorations built from Rubens's quick paintings for the triumphal entry of Cardinal-Infante Ferdinand into Antwerp in 1635.
		Rubens created flattering triumphal arches, but he also hinted heavily that the new governor of the Netherlands should be making peace: he devised a mock Temple of Janus from which the terrifying Fury of War emerges, blind and carrying a torch to wreak havoc.
		The sprawling paintings these little oil studies led to can be seen all over Europe, in palatial settings, from the Medici cycle in the Louvre to the Banqueting House ceiling in London's Whitehall.
	www.guardian.co.uk /print/0,3858,4786493-108884,00.html

	Hapsburgs
		Ferdinand was waging war simultaneously against a force of Hungarian Protestants led by Gabriel Bethlen.
		In 1531, Ferdinand had been elected King of Germany as a reward for his loyalty to his brother, Holy Roman Emperor Charles V. Good relations between the brothers, however, did not continue because Charles reserved the imperial crown for his son Philip, later King Philip II of Spain, instead of for Ferdinand.
		He was born in Graz, Austria, the grandson of Emperor Ferdinand I, and was educated by Jesuits, from whom he acquired a deep antipathy toward Protestantism.
	www.geocities.com /historyofaustria/habsburgs.html

	CGFA- Diego Velázquez- Page 2
		The Cardinal-Infante Ferdinand as a Hunter, Museo del Prado, Madrid.
	cgfa.sunsite.dk /velazque/velazqu2.htm

	Alte Pinakothek [Sammlung - Künstler]
		Amongst the major works he executed in the course of the following years were cartoons for several series of tapestries, the ceiling frescoes in the Banqueting House, Whitehall, London (1630-34), for Charles I, and his collaboration (1634-35) on the festive decorations for the entry of the Cardinal-Infante Ferdinand into Antwerp (1634-35).
	www.pinakothek.de /alte-pinakothek/sammlung/kuenstler/kuenstler_inc_en.php?inc=kuenstler&which=3111

	The State Hermitage Museum: Virtual Tour
		These sketches are an echo of the tremendous festivities arranged for 17 April 1635 to mark the arrival in Antwerp of a new regent of the South Netherlands - Cardinal Infante Ferdinand, brother of King Philip IV of Spain.
		The festivities in honour of the Cardinal Infante combined architecture, painting, music and theatre in what was truly the apotheosis of the Flemish Baroque.
		The city was turned into a huge stage with scenery created as a single ensemble by the genius of Rubens.
	www.hermitagemuseum.org /html_En/05/hm88_5_0_41.html

	Nordlingen
		The Catholic army was nominally commanded by Ferdinand of Hungary and the Cardinal Infante Fernando but the effective command was on the hand of Matthias Gallas seconded by the Marques de Leganéz).
		After the conquest of the city of Regensburg the imperial forces marched to attack the city of Nordlingen where the Catholics were joined by the Spanish army (3 000 horsemen, 500 dragoons and 15 000 infantrymen) of the Cardinal - Infante Ferdinand.
		The German catholic army (imperial army and the League army) under the command of Ferdinand King of Hungary started a campaign to liberate the region of Souabe in south Germany.
	www.geocities.com /ao1617/Nordlingen2.html

	ART / 4 / 2DAY
		— Cardinal Infante Ferdinand of Austria as Hunter (1636, 191x107cm) _ Ferdinand of Austria [16 May 1609 &; 09 Nov 1641] was the brother of Philip IV.
		These were the words used by Giacinto Gigli in 1655 to describe the pope (Giovanni Battista Pamphili [1574-1655], made a cardinal in 1629 and elected to the papal throne on 16 September 1644), adding that "his face was the most deformed ever born among men." Justi and later Morelli considered his head "the most repugnant...
		The painting was made in 1630 in Naples on the occasion of the marriage of Maria Anne and Ferdinand III.
	www.safran-arts.com /42day/art/art4jun/art0606.html

	CGFA- Velázquez: The Cardinal-Infante Ferdinand as a Hunter
		CGFA- Velázquez: The Cardinal-Infante Ferdinand as a Hunter
	cgfa.sunsite.dk /velazque/p-velazq36.htm

	Portraiture
		At much the same period, DÃ¼rerÂ’s contemporary Lucas Cranach the elder was painting portraits of Cardinal Albert of Brandenburg as St Jerome (1525).
		DÃ¼rer had no interest in the identity of the old man, whose name he did not record and may not have known.
	www.felsted.essex.sch.uk /~nlo/ASHoAFINAL/portraiture/portraiture.htm

	Marble portrait of Cardinal-Infante Ferdinand
		Prince Cardinal Ferdinand, often known as Cardinal Infante possessed the protuding chin and lower lip and the ample nose of what has come to be known as 'the Hapsburg chin'.
		This marble portrait sculpture shows him in his Cardinal's hat (biretta) and a fur trimmed short cape(mozetta).
		This plaquette of Ferdinand would have been used as architectural decoration.
	www.trocadero.com /dehoogh/items/317181/item317181.html

	Battle of Nordlingen, 6 September 1634
		The Protestant army, 25,000 strong, representing the Heilbronn League, and commanded by Bernard of Saxe-Weimar and Gustav Horn, arrived to relieve the city, but on 2 September the army of the Spanish Habsburgs led by the Cardinal-Infante Ferdinand arrived, boosting the Habsburg forces to over 33,000 men.
		The Imperial army under Ferdinand of Hungary (the future emperor Ferdinand III) was besieging Nordlingen, where there was a Swedish garrison.
		The League commanders were aware that they had wasted the summer, and could not afford to led Nordlingen fall without some attempt at action.
	www.rickard.karoo.net /articles/battles_nordlingen1634.html

	Printer Friendly Format - This Is Local London
		The Touch of Brilliance exhibition in Somerset House's Hermitage Rooms pulls together preparatory materials for some of Rubens' most ambitious projects, including his early altarpieces for the cathedral at Antwerp and final great cycle for the triumphal entry of Cardinal-Infante Ferdinand into Antwerp in April 1635.
		He was commissioned by the highest nobility in Europe, including the magnificent ceiling of the Banqueting House in Whitehall for Charles I, and the Medici Cycle (of 24 large canvasses) for the widowed queen of France.
		The Hermitage Rooms provide an excellent venue, the space having been created to show works from the collections of St Petersburg's State Hermitage Museum, many of which feature here.
	www.thisislocallondon.co.uk /misc/print.php?artid=452737

	The State Hermitage Museum: Virtual Tour
		In 1635 the Antwerp city council entrusted Rubens with the planning of festive decorations for the city to welcome the new regent of the Southern Netherlands - Cardinal Infante Ferdinand, brother of King Philip IV of Spain.
		In the decoration of the arch Rubens depicted Ferdinand for the only time in the guise of an ancient hero.
		The philosophical allegory of the choice of one's course in life, extensively used in Western European art, was a favourite motif of courtly speeches that mixed praise with counsel, especially those addressed to young princes just embarking on life.The sketch comes from the Walpole collection at Houghton Hall, England, acquired by Catherine II in 1779.
	www.hermitagemuseum.org /html_En/05/hm88_5_0_41_2.html

	Drawn by the Brush: Oil Sketches by Peter Paul Rubens
		The series is mentioned repeatedly in correspondence between the king and his brother, the Cardinal Infante Ferdinand, although only the latter's letters survive and then incompletely.
		On June 22, 1639, Ferdinand informed Philip that the work on the series had begun, and a month later he could report that all of the sketches had been finished by Rubens himself.
		It is understood from the documents that the final paintings were to be executed by the workshop of Rubens and his friend and colleague, the animal specialist Frans Snyders.
	www.bampfa.berkeley.edu /exhibits/rubens/exhibition/decorations3detail2.html

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