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Topic: Cardiolipin

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	Cardiolipin Antibodies: The Test
		Cardiolipin antibody testing may be ordered when a patient has symptoms suggestive of a thrombotic episode, such as pain and swelling in the extremities, shortness of breath, or headaches.
		If cardiolipin antibodies are not detected in a patient with an autoimmune disorder, such as SLE, tests may be ordered in the future to screen for their development.
		Since cardiolipin antibodies are the most common of the antiphospholipid antibodies, it is not unusual to find them emerging, temporarily due to an infection or drug, or asymptomatically as a person ages.
	www.labtestsonline.org /understanding/analytes/cardiolipin/test.html (497 words)

	Diphosphatidylglycerol, cardiolipin,, composition, biochemistry and function
		Because of this unique structure, cardiolipin is believed to have a tendency to form transient non-bilayer domains in membranes, which have a profound influence on its function in vital cellular processes.
		The consequence is that the cytochrome c is released into the inter-membrane space, while the oxidized cardiolipin is translocated to the outer mitochondrial membrane and participates in the formation of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore that facilitates release of cytochrome c into the cytosol where it triggers apoptosis.
		Cardiolipin is believed to be an important cofactor for cholesterol translocation from the outer to the inner mitochondrial membrane, and in steroidogenic tissues, it activates mitochondrial cholesterol side-chain cleavage and is a potent stimulator of steroidogenesis.
	www.lipidlibrary.co.uk /lipids/dpg/index.htm (1983 words)

	Cardiolipin from Bovine Heart
		Cardiolipin is found predominantly in the membranes of mitochondria and bacteria.
		Cardiolipin has been shown to perform a role in a number of other specific biological activities, including oxidative phosphorylation, apoptosis, cholesterol translocation and gene expression.
		Changes in cardiolipin concentrations and alterations to its acyl groups have lead to a variety of pathological conditions such as heart failure.
	www.sigmaaldrich.com /Area_of_Interest/Biochemicals/Lipids/Cardiolipin.html (223 words)

	Myocardial ischemia selectively depletes cardiolipin in rabbit heart subsarcolemmal mitochondria -- Lesnefsky et al. ...
		depleted cardiolipin in SSM, corresponding to the onset of the
		enriched in cardiolipin (11, 18, 27, 39, 51).
		of cardiolipin decreased concomitant with the onset of decreased
	ajpheart.physiology.org /cgi/content/full/280/6/H2770 (4540 words)

	Lipids in Health and Disease \| Full text \| Selective remodeling of cardiolipin fatty acids in the aged rat heart
		The total concentration of cardiolipin has been shown to decrease with age in human epidermal cells [13], and in the liver [19] and heart of the rat [18,20].
		In patients with systemic lupus erythematosus, cardiolipin acyl groups are believed to form epitopes with antiphospholipid antibodies, and it has been shown that linolenic acid acyl groups have the highest affinity for antiphospholipid antibodies [24].
		Cardiolipin acyl chain is an important determinant in the binding to antiphospholipid antibodies in SLE sera.
	www.lipidworld.com /content/5/1/2 (2505 words)

	Fertility Testing: Anti Cardiolipin Antibody (ACA)
		Cardiolipin antibodies are proteins found in your body that work against cardiolipin.
		Cardiolipin is a molecule found in your blood platelets and various cell membranes.
		Sometimes, cardiolipin antibodies are elevated temporarily due to colds or the flu.
	sharedjourney.com /define/aca.html (752 words)

	Cardiolipin - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Cardiolipin (bisphosphatidyl glycerol) is an important component of the inner mitochondrial membrane, where it constitutes about 20% of the total lipid.
		Cardiolipin is a "double" phospholipid because it has four fatty acid tails, instead of the usual two.
		Barth syndrome, a rare genetic disorder, is a mutation in the gene coding for tafazzin, an enzyme involved in the biosynthesis of cardiolipin.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Cardiolipin (252 words)

	Reference.com/Encyclopedia/Cardiolipin
		Cardiolipin (bisphosphatidyl glycerol) is an important component of the inner mitochondrial membrane, where it constitutes about 20% of the total lipid.
		Cardiolipin is a "double" phospholipid because it has four fatty acid tails, instead of the usual two.
		Barth syndrome, a rare genetic disorder, is a mutation in the gene coding for tafazzin, an enzyme involved in the biosynthesis of cardiolipin.
	www.reference.com /browse/wiki/Cardiolipin (233 words)

	BioCarta - Charting Pathways of Life
		Cardiolipin was first identified in the heart, thus its name, and is abundant in the heart.
		In mammals, cardiolipin is localized in mitochondria and may play a role in oxidative phosphorylation.
		Changes in cardiolipin levels with age might alter mitochondrial function and contribute to the aging process.
	www.biocarta.com /pathfiles/cardiolipinPathway.asp (220 words)

	Cardiolipin Antibodies: Test Sample
		Cardiolipins, and other related phospholipids, are lipid molecules found in cell membranes and platelets.
		Cardiolipin antibodies are associated with decreased platelets (thrombocytopenia) and with the risk of recurrent miscarriages (especially in the 2nd and 3rd trimester), premature labor, and pre-eclampsia.
		Cardiolipin antibodies are frequently seen with autoimmune disorders, such as Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE), and with other antiphospholipid antibodies, such as lupus coagulant.
	www.labtestsonline.org /understanding/analytes/cardiolipin/sample.html (321 words)

	Synthetic Cardiolipin - Avanti Polar Lipids
		Mitochondrial phospholipid hydroperoxide glutathione peroxidase inhibits the release of cytochrome c from mitochondria by suppressing the peroxidation of cardiolipin in hypoglycaemia-induced apoptosis.
		Annexin V binding perturbs the cardiolipin fluidity gradient in isolated mitochondria.
		Cardiolipin remodeling in eukaryotic cells infected with Chlamydia trachomatis is linked to elevated mitochondrial metabolism.
	www.avantilipids.com /SyntheticCardiolipin.asp (301 words)

	Anti - Cardiolipin antibodies
		Anti - Cardiolipin antibodies - An Enzyme Linked Immunoassay (ELISA) for the semi-quantitative detection of cardiolipin antibodies in human serum.
		The presence of cardiolipin antibodies can be used in conjunction with other serological tests and clinical findings to aid in assessing the risk of thrombosis in individuals with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) or lupus-like disorders.
		Of the many autoantibodies found in SLE, two were found to be directed against phospholipids such as cardiolipin.
	www.path.sunysb.edu /labsvs/anti-cardio.htm (229 words)

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