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	cargo cult. The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. 2001-05
		The cult aims to restore a past time and to regain the goodwill of ancestors who are being lured into giving cargo to the white foreigners, cargo originally intended for the native Melanesians.
		Cargo cults are revivalistic, in that the adherents expect the restoration of a golden age in which they will be reunited with their ancestors, and nativistic (see nativism), in that the whites are to be driven away.
		However, as the cargo is composed principally of European goods, and native goods and rituals are abandoned, both the nativistic and revivalistic aspects of cargo cults are qualified by a strong motive toward acculturation.
	www.bartleby.com /65/ca/cargocul.html (217 words)

	Cargo cult - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		A cargo cult is any of a group of religious movements that occurred in Melanesia, in the Southwestern Pacific.
		Cargo cults thus focus on overcoming what they perceive as undue 'white' influences by conducting rituals similar to the white behavior they have observed, presuming that the ancestors will at last recognize their own and this activity will make cargo come.
		The earliest cargo cult was the Tuka Movement that began in Fiji in 1885.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Cargo_cult (1474 words)

	Cargo cult programming - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Cargo cult programming is an incompetent style of computer programming characterized by the ritual inclusion of code or program structures that serve no real purpose.
		Cargo cult programmers will usually explain the redundant code as a way of working around a computer bug encountered in the past.
		Cargo cult programming can also refer to the practice of (over)applying a design principle blindly without understanding the reasons behind that design principle in the first place.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Cargo_cult_programming (302 words)

	The Cargo Cults
		"Cargoism" was, and is, a widespread religious movement among natives of the islands of Melanesia in the South Pacific.
		Although the worship of cargo is basic, there are slight variations in theology among the approximately seventy cargo cults that are known to have existed.
		Cargo cult believers on other islands of Melanesia were likewise convinced that the cargoes they saw being unloaded were heaven-sent and that a god or messiah would soon follow.
	www.afa.org /magazine/1991/0191cargo.asp (1113 words)

	Cargo Cults
		Cargo cults blossomed in the postwar 1940s and 1950s throughout the Melanesian archipelagoes of the southwest Pacific.
		Among the most notable cargo cults are the John Frum and Nagriamel movements of Vanuatu, the Christian Fellowship Church of the Solomon Islands, and the Paliau and Yali movements, Hahalis Welfare Society, Pomio Kivung, and Peli Association of Papua New Guinea.
		Cargo Cults, thus, were in significant ways similar to the North American Ghost Dance, or China’s Boxer Rebellion, or the Mau Mau of East Africa.
	www.berkshirepublishing.com /rvw/022/022smpl1.htm (2636 words)

	nthposition online magazine: The last cargo cult
		'Cargo cults' got into full swing during the 1950s, though once the phenomenon had been classified by Westerners it seemed that the beginnings of the movement could be traced way back, as far as the 1890s.
		First came 'cargo belief': the apocalyptic conviction that the world was about to turn upside down, the islanders finally receiving the material rewards of the white planters and administrators who were currently enjoying the fruits of the fl man's labours.
		'Cargo cults', across the South Pacific, began to be reinterpreted in the West as the evolutionary first stage of labour unions, separatist movements, lobbies for democratic and political reform.
	www.nthposition.com /thelastcargo.php (3303 words)

	new AMOK JOURNAL - Cargo Cult (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		The basic premise of the cargo cult is that tribal ancestors, the foundation of the islanders' indigenous religions, are the source of all the material possessions which are now being controlled by the whites.
		Just as in the American UFO contactee cults which first made their presence known in the late 40s, the transmission of higher knowledge and culture seems to be an important dynamic in the cargo cult.
		Cargo cults can be seen as an attempt by wised-up "primitives" to cut through the web of lies being spun by the patently duplicitous missionaries and colonial authorities.
	www.iconscreen.de /cargobox/sites/youamok.html (1392 words)

	IEEE Software "From the Editor" Column by Steve McConnell
		Many of their projects end up crashing because these are just two different varieties of cargo cult software engineering, similar in their lack of understanding of what makes software projects work.
		Cargo cult software engineering is easy to identify.
		Cargo cult software engineers justify their practices by saying, "We’ve always done it this way in the past," or "our company standards require us to do it this way"—even when those ways make no sense.
	www.stevemcconnell.com /ieeesoftware/eic10.htm (1248 words)

	Cargo cult
		The term cargo cult is a reference to aboriginal religions that grew up in the South Pacific, especially New Guinea and Micronesian islanders, in the years during and after World War II.
		The cultural impact of these practice was not to bring about the return of the god-like airplanes that brought such marvelous cargo during the war, but to eradicate religious practices that had existed prior to the war.
		But, from time to time, the term "Cargo cult" is invoked as an English language idiom[?], to mean any group of people shallowly emulating practices of a group whose behavior they have seen result in a shower of unexplainable riches and social status.
	www.ebroadcast.com.au /lookup/encyclopedia/ca/Cargo_cult.html (352 words)

	Cargo cult - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		Cargo cult is a term for a group of religious movements that occurred in
		Cargo cults thus focused on purifying their communities of what they perceived as 'white' influences by conducting rituals similar to the white behavior they had observed, presuming that this activity would make cargo come.
		Papua New Guinea, including the Taro Cult in Northern Papua, and the Vailala Madness documented by F.E. Williams, one of the first anthropologists to conduct fieldwork in Papua New Guinea.
	www.xs4all.nl /~are/pub/research/Cargo_cult.htm (865 words)

	cargo cult programming (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		A cargo cult programmer will usually explain the extra code as a way of working around some bug encountered in the past, but usually neither the bug nor the reason the code apparently avoided the bug was ever fully understood (compare
		The term ‘cargo cult’ is a reference to aboriginal religions that grew up in the South Pacific after World War II.
		The practices of these cults center on building elaborate mockups of airplanes and military style landing strips in the hope of bringing the return of the god-like airplanes that brought such marvelous cargo during the war.
	www.catb.org /~esr/jargon/html/C/cargo-cult-programming.html (144 words)

	BBC - h2g2 - Cargo Cults
		The first chronicled cargo cult sprung up on the Madang Coast of modern day Papua New Guinea almost immediately after the arrival of the 18th Century Russian explorer Miklouho-Maclay, who gave gifts of Western goods such as steel axes and bolts of cloth to the natives.
		Most cargo cults have been short-lived, but the longest lasting and famous is the John Frum cult, on the island of Tana in Vanuatu (formerly the New Hebrides), the members of which have been waiting over 40 years for the return of American GIs.
		The more he denied that he knew the secret of cargo or that he was an ancestor, the more the natives believed he had magic powers and could lead them to the long-awaited cargo.
	www.bbc.co.uk /dna/h2g2/A2267426 (2826 words)

	Cargo Cult Science
		CARGO CULT SCIENCE by Richard Feynman Adapted from the Caltech commencement address given in 1974.
		So I call these things cargo cult science, because they follow all the apparent precepts and forms of scientific investigation, but they're missing something essential, because the planes don't land.
		And it's this type of integrity, this kind of care not to fool yourself, that is missing to a large extent in much of the research in cargo cult science.
	www.lhup.edu /~dsimanek/cargocul.htm (3245 words)

	I, Cringely . April 26, 2001 - Cargo Cult \| PBS (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		Cargo planes were crashing, errant parachute drops were sending supplies to the wrong places, and troops were always leaving things behind as they pushed forward or pulled out.
		So the cults arose, rituals of paramilitary activity — marching around in fake helmets carrying fake guns — that were intended to coax from the sky more cargo planes, more parachutes, more PXs.
		What's missing in both cults is much of an understanding WHY the boom should return or even why they happened in the first place.
	www.pbs.org /cringely/pulpit/pulpit20010426.html (1254 words)

	Orion > Curmudgeon in the Wild > James Howard Kunstler > Cargo Karma
		The interesting sociological phenomenon of the cargo cult is best illustrated by the encounters between the tribal peoples of the South Pacific and European explorers, soldiers, and traders.
		Today the cargo cult is exemplified by the American economy as a whole.
		I have been present in many a planning board battle both at home and in other parts of the country and watched a broad faction of that public holler about their right to "bargain shopping" as though it were one of the first ten amendments to the constitution.
	www.oriononline.org /pages/oo/curmudgeon/index_CargoKarma.html (1938 words)

	Cargo Cult Science - Access to Energy Newsletter Archive
		The Cargo Cults were formed by primitive natives who wished to encourage the return to their villages of many good and wonderful things that had come when airplanes had flown to and from makeshift airstrips near them.
		And science, the science that remained, often descended to the level of the Cargo Cults.
		More often than not, Cargo Cult Science is called upon to justify policies that are inconsistent with the truth.
	www.accesstoenergy.com /view/atearchive/s76a1958.htm (977 words)

	Religious cults and sects, doctrines and practices - Cargo Cult
		Tribal divinities, culture heroes, or ancestors may be expected to return with the cargo, or the goods may be expected to come through foreigners, who are sometimes accused of having intercepted material goods intended for the native peoples.
		Cargo cults are believed to be a reaction to the materialism of Caucasian culture that pervaded Melanesia during the past century.
		From the stable mainstream of the cult, localized splinter groups periodically emerge, hoping to expedite the millennium; the core of this volume concerns the close study of one such group in two Baining villages.
	www.apologeticsindex.org /c79.html (473 words)

	ethiopundit: Cargo Cult Economics
		Cargo cults are usually revivalist, and in some cases messianic and millenarian, movements found among certain peoples indigenous to Oceania.
		The word cargo refers to foreign goods possessed by Europeans; cult adherents believe that such goods belong to themselves and that, with the help of ancestral spirits, the goods can be returned to them through magico-religious means.
		Cargo, if it does magically appear in the form of massive foreign aid or a flood of petrodollars is assumed to be better than nothing at all - but it may not be.
	ethiopundit.blogspot.com /2005/01/cargo-cult-economics.html (1750 words)

	Cargo cult (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		The SCIENCE of the CULT of the POSITION of Richard Feynman adapted of the direction of the beginning of Caltech given in 1974.
		So I call these science of the cult of the position of the things, because they follow all the rules and evident forms of scientific research, but lack something essential, because the planes do not land.
		And it is east type of integrity, this class of taken care of not to be deceived, that lacks to a great degree in much of the investigation in science of the cult of the position.
	cult.searchmp3file.com /cargo-cult.htm (3316 words)

	Cargo Cult Economics by Bill Walker
		A new religion was born, the Cargo Cult.
		The Cargo Cultists maintained their religion long after the departure of US troops, continuing to build the sacred landing strips and beacon fires.
		Every bit of Cargo that is taken out of your paycheck and given to the world’s kleptocrats is a bit that you don’t have.
	www.lewrockwell.com /walker/walker12.html (1352 words)

	Theory: Cargo Cult? - www.ezboard.com
		In fact, one cargo cult figure (John Frum), was worshipped as King of America, and responsible for many cargo shipments in the SE Pacific.
		First, Cargo Cults seem to be a native reaction to the encroachment of the outside world.
		I'm guessing it's a type of Cargo Cult, in that they take what they need from what the Island brings in and doesn't use, which is still seperate from them, and leave the rest.
	p073.ezboard.com /flosttheunofficalforumfortheabcseriesfrm29.showMessage?topicID=1925.topic (2403 words)

	In John They Trust
		The island’s John Frum movement is a classic example of what anthropologists have called a “cargo cult”—many of which sprang up in villages in the South Pacific during World War II, when hundreds of thousands of American troops poured into the islands from the skies and seas.
		As anthropologist Kirk Huffman, who spent 17 years in Vanuatu, explains: “You get cargo cults when the outside world, with all its material wealth, suddenly descends on remote, indigenous tribes.” The locals don’t know where the foreigners’ endless supplies come from and so suspect they were summoned by magic, sent from the spirit world.
		And although almost all the cargo cults have disappeared over the decades, the John Frum movement has endured, based on the worship of an American god no sober man has ever seen.
	www.smithsonianmagazine.com /issues/2006/february/john.php (839 words)

	Contemporary Cargo Cults (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		Cargo cults supposedly originated in Melanesia about 75 years ago, but the type of thinking which is the foundation of cargo cults has long been characteristic of what we like to consider the most sophisticated society on the face of the earth.
		The cargo cult is founded on a familiar, and popular, bit of fallacious reasoning: post hoc ergo propter hoc.
		Another important contemporary cargo cult is the cult of evaluation.
	www.coolth.com /cargo.htm (2317 words)

	Jargon 4.2, node: cargo cult programming (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		A cargo cult programmer will usually explain the extra code as a way of working around some bug encountered in the past, but usually neither the bug nor the reason the code apparently avoided the bug was ever fully understood (compare shotgun debugging, voodoo programming).
		The term `cargo cult' is a reference to aboriginal religions that grew up in the South Pacific after World War II.
		The practices of these cults center on building elaborate mockups of airplanes and military style landing strips in the hope of bringing the return of the god-like airplanes that brought such marvelous cargo during the war.
	www.science.uva.nl /~mes/jargon/c/cargocultprogramming.html (153 words)

	320 Arrested for Sorcery in Papua New Guinea Cargo Cult - Pop Occulture Blog
		Cargo cults believe that Western goods or cargo, first encountered through missionaries and explorers, are created by ancestral spirits.
		One of the female cult leaders, Malamba Kifea, said the sorcery improved the livelihood of the people in Kasin village, a remote settlement some eight hours walk from the main highway.
		it may be said that the whole of western religion may be some form of cargo cult behaviour stemming from a misinterpretation of ancient technological civilisation.
	www.timboucher.com /journal/2005/11/03/320-arrested-for-sorcery-in-papua-new-guinea-cargo-cult (470 words)

	Waiting for the U.S.: The John Frum Cargo Cult of Vanuatu - Anders Rayman
		The far-flung pacific islands of Melanesia have been the home of scores of so-called cargo cults--native religious movements that by magical means have sought to acquire the large material riches of groups visiting the islands.
		They take their name from cargo, pidgin for Western goods, and were especially common during and shortly after World War II, when first Japan and then the United States appeared on the scene with goods, machines, and soldiers in awesome abundance.
		Normally, the cults have been short lived: Despite the docks built into the sea, airstrips cleared in the jungle, conversations with the gods through "radio masts" made of bamboo, and much else that has startled Western observers, the cargo fails to arrive and the cultists soon tire and give up.
	www.worldandi.com /specialreport/1992/december/Sa20045.htm (307 words)

	BBC NEWS \| Programmes \| From Our Own Correspondent \| Culture clash in the South Seas
		The confrontation was between the members of a long-established cargo cult called the John Frum movement, and a breakaway faction which wants to move with the times and embrace Christianity.
		The John Frum cult first emerged in Vanuatu in the 1930s, when the island was jointly ruled by Britain and France as the New Hebrides.
		The cult was reinforced during the Second World War, when the US military arrived with huge amounts of cargo, such as tanks, ships, weapons, medicine and food.
	news.bbc.co.uk /2/hi/programmes/from_our_own_correspondent/3729715.stm (931 words)

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