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Topic: Caribbean Plate

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	VOLCANIC TSUNAMI GENERATING SOURCE MECHANISMS IN THE EASTERN CARIBBEAN REGION - Dr. George Pararas-Carayannis
		Convergent, compressional and collisional tectonic activity caused primarily from the eastward movement of the Caribbean Plate in relation to the North American and South American Plates, is responsible for zones of subduction in the region, the formation of island arcs and the evolution of particular volcanic centers on the overlying plate.
		Currently, the Caribbean plate is moving eastward in relation to the North and South American Plates at a rate of approximately 20 millimeters per year.
		The plate movement is responsible for the zones of subduction along the active boundaries and the formation of the West Indies Volcanic Island Arc on the overlying plate in the eastern region.
	www.drgeorgepc.com /TsunamiVolcanicCaribbean.html (10937 words)

	Problems with plate tectonics
		Plate rigidity is a central tenet of plate tectonics.
		Plate velocities are shown by arrows; their length indicates the displacement expected in a period of 25 million years.
		Plate tectonicists who recognize the existence of ridge-parallel flow generally argue that a mantle diapir wells up beneath each ocean ridge segment, and that at the crest of each diapir, radial horizontal flow takes place, with a significant component parallel to the strike of the ridge and in opposite directions.
	ourworld.compuserve.com /homepages/dp5/lowman.htm (6123 words)

	Department of Earth Science: Center for Computational Geophysics
		The right-lateral compressional plate boundary zone connects the NW-dipping Lesser Antilles subduction zone where the American plate is subducting beneath the Caribbean plate in the east, to the SE-dipping subduction zone off western Venezuela and Colombia in which the Caribbean plate subducts beneath South America.
		Teleseismic tomography and seismicity patterns show the Caribbean plate overriding the Atlantic seafloor southwest of Trinidad beneath the Gulf of Paria (Figs 8-9), whereas to the west the Caribbean plate is seen subducting beneath continental South America (Figs 9-10).
		Plate geometries beneath the strike-slip boundary and particularly near the zones of transition from subduction to strike-slip are poorly known (Figs 9-10), and thus the details of polarity reversal and its consequences for crustal evolution are unknown.
	cohesion.rice.edu /naturalsciences/earthscience/ccg.cfm?doc_id=3737 (3544 words)

	Plate Tectonics - MSN Encarta
		Smaller plates include the Cocos plate, the Nazca plate, the Caribbean plate, and the Gorda plate.
		The second kind of motion, called relative motion, leads to different types of boundaries between plates: plates moving apart from one another form a divergent boundary, plates moving toward one another form a convergent boundary, and plates that slide along one another form a transform plate boundary.
		There are three types of convergent plate boundaries: between two oceanic plates, between an oceanic plate and a continental plate, and between two continental plates.
	encarta.msn.com /encyclopedia_761554623_2/Plate_Tectonics.html (1088 words)

	Eric Calais - Current Projects
		The northeastern Caribbean: from Cuba to the Lesser Antilles
		Relative motion of the Caribbean plate with respect to the North American plate is accomodated across a 200 km wide deformation zone, to which belong the island of Hispaniola.
		The relative motion of the two plates is poorly defined in global plate motion models because of a lack of constraining data such as transform azimuths, ocean ridge spreading rates.
	web.ics.purdue.edu /~ecalais/projects/caribbean (558 words)

	WHOI : Oceanus : Tsunamis in the Caribbean? It's Possible.
		WHOI : Oceanus : Tsunamis in the Caribbean?
		CARIBBEAN QUAKE AND TSUNAMI RISKS—Woods Hole geologists Uri ten Brink and Jian Lin reported a heightened earthquake risk from the Septentrional fault zone, which cuts through the highly populated region of the Cibao valley in the Dominican Republic.
		The risks of major earthquakes in the Caribbean, and the possibility of a resulting tsunami, although small, are real and should be taken seriously, said Lin, a senior scientist in the WHOI Geology and Geophysics Department, and ten Brink, a geologist at the U.S. Geological Survey in Woods Hole and an adjunct scientist at WHOI.
	www.whoi.edu /oceanus/viewArticle.do?id=3964 (1009 words)

	Caribbean adventure travel cruises.
		Caribbean Cruises: The islands of the Caribbean are perhaps the quintessential tropical paradise and with good reason.
		The flora of the Caribbean are often dense and luxuriant as might be expected for this humid, tropical region.
		A rough estimate is that the Caribbean is 40% fl, 40% white, 18% mulatto and 2% Asian Indian.
	www.expeditiontrips.com /caribbean-travel.asp (1926 words)

	Caribbean Sea - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Caribbean Sea (pronounced /kəˈɹɪbiən/ or /ˌkæɹɪˈbiːən/) is a tropical sea in the Western Hemisphere, part of the Atlantic Ocean, southeast of the Gulf of Mexico.
		The entire area of the Caribbean Sea, the numerous islands of the West Indies, and adjacent coasts, are collectively known as the Caribbean.
		The name "Caribbean" is derived from the Caribs, one of the dominant American Indian groups in the region at the time of European contact during the late 15th century.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Caribbean_Sea (1422 words)

	Caribbean Larimar Caribbean Stone Caribbean Gemstone Caribbean Mines
		The Caribbean, also known as the West Indies, is an archipelago and includes the countries those border the Caribbean Sea or lies on the Caribbean Plate.
		The countries and the islands those constitute the Caribbean are located the south and east of Mexico and the north and west of Venezuela.
		The Caribbean is best known for its beaches, picturesque islands, mountains, and the fun loving people swinging to the rhythm of the samba, making it a favorite tourist destination.
	www.caribbeanlarimar.com (377 words)

	Geological Society - Group Details - Caribbean Conundrum
		It lies beyond the reach of the drill in the Gulf of Mexico and is largely buried beneath Cretaceous plateau basalts in the Caribbean itself.
		The Caribbean Plate is thought to have become thickened as it passed over one or two hotspots (Sala y Gomez, Galapagos) and/or mantle plumes.
		Analogy with the Scotia Plate suggests that the Beata Ridge was a spreading centre and that continental fragments lie beneath the Greater Antilles and Costa Rica.
	www.geolsoc.org.uk /template.cfm?name=Caribbean (1675 words)

	Caribbean Plate - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The northern boundary with the North American plate is a transform or strike-slip boundary which runs from the border area of Belize, Guatemala, and Honduras in Central America, eastward through the Cayman trough on south of the southeast coast of Cuba, and just north of Hispaniola, Puerto Rico, and the Virgin Islands.
		The Puerto Rico trench is at a complex transition from the subduction boundary to the south and the transform boundary to the west.
		The Caribbean Plate is thicker and lay higher than the rest of the Pacific Ocean floor, and instead overrode the Atlantic Ocean floor, moving eastward relative to North America and South America, and, with the formation of the Isthmus of Panama 2–3 million years ago, ultimately losing its connection to the Pacific.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Caribbean_Plate (599 words)

	Plate Tectonics - Discover Our Earth
		The largest plate is the Pacific plate, followed by the African plate, Eurasian plate, Australian-Indian plate, Antarctic plate, North American plate, and South American plate.
		There are several entirely oceanic plates (Nazca, Cocos), but no entirely continental plates (with the possible exception of the Arabian peninsula; it depends on the criteria one uses to define individual plates and how much ocean is required to be considered "ocean").
		The fact that continents are included as part of plates made of both continent and ocean suggests that the continents do not move independently of the oceans as Wegener envisioned, but rather that continent and ocean move together as part of a single plate.
	atlas.geo.cornell.edu /education/instructor/tectonics/boundaries.html (490 words)

	Caribbean Vacations - Caribbean Vacation Reservations, Air, Hotel & Cruise Packages, Bermuda, Bahamas, Virgin Islands
		The Caribbean (Spanish: Caribe; French: Caraïbe; Dutch: Cariben) is a region of the Americas consisting of the Caribbean Sea, its islands (most of which enclose the sea), and the surrounding coasts.
		The West Indies consist of the Antilles, divided into the larger Greater Antilles which bound the sea on the north and the Lesser Antilles on the east, and the Bahamas which are northeast of the sea.
		The name "Caribbean" is named after the Caribs, one of the dominant Amerindian groups in the region at the time of European contact during the late 15th century.
	www.caribbeanvacations.com (328 words)

	Study in the Caribbean
		The Caribbean, (Spanish: Caribe; French: Caraïbe or more commonly Antilles; Dutch: Cariben or Caraïben, or more commonly Antillen) or the West Indies, is a group of islands and countries which are in or border the Caribbean Sea which lies on the Caribbean Plate.
		The countries and islands of the Caribbean are located to the south and east of Mexico and to the north and west of Venezuela, South America.
		The region known as "Caribbean" is usually restricted to the islands of the Caribbean Sea, although sometimes the continental American coastline is included.
	www.studyoverseas.com /f_caribbean.htm (385 words)

	Department of Earth Science: Center for Computational Geophysics
		Teleseismic tomography and seismicity show the Caribbean plate overriding the Atlantic seafloor of the South American plate east of the Gulf of Paria.
		In the west the Caribbean plate is subducting beneath continental South America.
		The plate boundary now consists of a series of EW-trending allochthonous belts that include the Leeward Antilles arc, the metamorphic belts of the Caribbean Mountain system, the para-autochthonous Serrania del Interior foreland fold and thrust belt, and associated foreland and shear zone basins.
	cohesion.rice.edu /naturalsciences/earthscience/ccg.cfm?doc_id=3735 (681 words)

	Natural Hazards in the Caribbean
		The Caribbean Plate is moving eastward with respect to the adjacent North American and South American Plates at a rate of approximately 20 millimetres (¾ inch) per year.
		In the northern Caribbean these intra-plate earthquakes are caused by internal deformation in a slab of the North American Plate.
		Seismic events in the Eastern Caribbean are principally associated with a subduction zone at the junction of the Caribbean Plate and the North American Plate.
	www.oas.org /pgdm/document/BITC/papers/gibbs/gibbs_02.htm (1928 words)

	Caribbean Net News: High risk of major tsunami in northern Caribbean
		All 10 were triggered by movement along this plate boundary, which lies along the north coast of Hispaniola (Haiti and the Dominican Republic) and extends some 3,200 kilometers [2,000 miles] from Central America to the Lesser Antilles.
		The most recent of the destructive northern Caribbean tsunami occurred in 1946 and was triggered by a magnitude 8.1 earthquake in the Dominican Republic.
		They note that in addition to their own studies of fault lines along the North American and Caribbean plate boundary, other researchers have studied the risk to the northern Caribbean from submarine landslides, both in the region and as far away as the Canary Islands.
	www.caribbeannetnews.com /2005/03/18/tsunami.shtml (582 words)

	International Strategy for Disaster Reduction (ISDR)
		In the southwestern boundary of the Caribbean plate, local tectonic strains have caused it to fracture and create a microplate, known as the Panama block, the boundaries of which have not yet been identified very clearly.
		The northern boundary of the Panama block with the Caribbean plate is a convergent margin known as the North Panama Deformed Belt [Silver et al., 1990], which ranges from the Caribbean coast of Colombia to Limon in Costa Rica (see Figures 1 and 2).
		The Cocos Ridge is the scar caused on the Cocos plate by the Galapagos hotspot.
	www.eird.org /eng/revista/No3_2001/pagina8.htm (2776 words)

	www . Boatyard Realtor . com
		Caribbean Boatyards mission is to be the number one source of boatominiums, boatslips, boatyards, dockominiums, docks, dockyards, marinas and rackominiums for lease, sale or rent with all listings being FREE.
		The name "Caribbean" is named after the Caribs, one of the dominant Amerindian groups in the region at the time of European contact.
		The region known as "Caribbean" is usually restricted to the islands of the Caribbean Sea.
	www.caribbeanboatyards.com (312 words)

	RMS Catastrophe Models - Caribbean
		The full Caribbean model is now used by a wide range of insurers and reinsurers to manage risk throughout the region.
		This model simulates events along the full extent of the Caribbean plate boundary, which extends from the Cayman Islands in the west, through the Greater Antilles (Jamaica, Hispaniola and Puerto Rico), and around the Lesser Antilles to Trinidad in the South.
		The full Caribbean model is now used by a wide range of insurers and reinsurers to manage risk in Puerto Rico and throughout the region.
	www.rms.com /Catastrophe/Models/Caribbean.asp (431 words)

	PLATE PUZZLE
		The plate puzzle activity requires cutting a copy of the map into pieces along the plate boundaries so that students can put it together like a jigsaw puzzle.
		African Plate (The African plate is defined as two smaller plates, the Nubian and the Somalia plates, Figure 6, on the 2006 “This Dynamic Planet” map; because the plate boundaries between these smaller plates are not very distinct, we suggest cutting along the African plate boundaries as shown in Figure 12)
		For the plate puzzle activity, cut along boundaries (divergent, convergent and transform boundaries) and along the "plate boundary zones" (diagonal shaded areas) that are marked with a bold line.
	web.ics.purdue.edu /~braile/edumod/platepuzz/platepuzz.htm (3060 words)

	Plate Tectonics
		Belching clouds of steam, puddles of boiling mud and, yes, the heavy smell of sulphur are as much a part of the islands' scenery as the beaches and palm trees that attract armies of pleasure-seeking holiday-makers each year.
		Volcanic eruptions in the Caribbean are not the slow-moving lava rivers familiar from nature films about volcanoes in the Pacific.
		Lucia's volcano is named "Qualibou," a Carib Indian word for "place of death." Located outside Soufriere and billed as the Caribbean' s only "drive-in volcano" because it is accessible by road, Qualibou is a desolate field of steaming jets, warm waterfalls and boiling pools of mud where a heavy sulphur smell hangs in the air.
	www.platetectonics.com /article.asp?a=16 (757 words)

	Amateur Geologist Structured Geological Glossary: Plate Tectonics
		A point that is common to three plate and which must also be the meeting place of three boundary features, such as divergence zones, convergence zones, or transform fault.
		An elongated region along which a plate descends relative to another plate, for example, the descent of the Nazca plate beneath the South American plate along the Peru-Chile Trench.
		Small crustal fragments, island arc, or seamount which are transported by the moving oceanic plate and are added to a continental mass at the subduction zone.
	www.amateurgeologist.com /content/glossary/tectonics/tectonics.html (1219 words)

	The Theory of PLATE TECHTONICS (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		The theory of plate techtonics was developed in the 1960s to explain the structure and movement of the earth’s crust or lithosphere. This phenomenon is sometimes called continental drift.
		According to the theory, the outer layer of the earth is composed of approximately ten (10) major plates and about twenty (20) minor ones.
		This is a plate margin in which two plates are pushing against each other. The result is that one plate bends and moves under the other plate in a process called subduction.
	www.webdesigns.ai /classnotes/form3/platetechtonics.html (664 words)

	Caribbean --- Coastal and Marine Geology Program - U.S. Geological Survey
		The purple sea floor at the center of the view is the Puerto Rico trench, the deepest part of the Atlantic Ocean and the Caribbean Sea.
		Puerto Rico and the Virgin Islands are located at an active plate boundary between the North American plate and the northeast corner of the Caribbean plate.
		Plate movements there have caused large magnitude earthquakes and devastating tsunamis, but scientists have so far failed to explain the deformation of this complex region in a coherent and predictable picture, and this has hampered their ability to assess the seismic and tsunami hazards.
	woodshole.er.usgs.gov /project-pages/caribbean (434 words)

	TECTONIC SIGNIFICANCE OF THE CARIBBEAN PLATE AS A REFERENCE FRAME SINCE XMA: THE “BACKBONE” EXPLAINED
		Subduction-accretion has occurred on both eastern and western sides of the Caribbean Plate in front of linear neutral arcs, whereas the Mexican arc is patchily and widely distributed with compressional subduction erosion and is moving westward in the Caribbean reference frame.
		Fixing Caribbean Plate in the mantle frame allows the broad tectonic history of the “Backbone” since 100 Ma to be explained in an integrative way.
		We pay tribute to the genius of Tanya Atwater whose 1970 paper on the plate tectonic evolution of western North America laid the foundations of the way in which it is possible, in some plate boundary zones, to relate relative plate motion, quantitatively, to geologic evolution.
	gsa.confex.com /gsa/06boa/finalprogram/abstract_100635.htm (467 words)

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