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Topic: Carinatae

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	Carinatae
		In phylogenetic taxonomy, the Carinatae are considered the last common ancestor of Neornithes (living birds) and Ichthyornis (an extinct seabird of the Cretaceous).
		Traditionally, Carinatae were defined as all birds having a keeled sternum.
		Rather, carinates are unique in having, for example, a globe-shaped, convex head on the humerus and fully fused bones in the lower leg and outer arm.
	www.ebroadcast.com.au /lookup/encyclopedia/ca/Carinatae.html (298 words)

	[No title]
		EL–1v.) found vestiges of a keel in a young rhea, and apteria in the embryonic ostrich, and she concluded that they were descendants of birds which originally possessed the power of flight.
		It had already been understood that the various genera of the Ratitae were the representatives of so many different groups, each of which was at least equivalent to ordinal rank, and that therefore, if the Ratitae were still to.
		We restrict the origin of the Ratitae to that great branch of still primitive Carinatae which, after separation of the Ratitae, has further developed into the legion of the Alectoromorphae, notably Tinami- and Galliformes, together with still low Gruiformes (see BIRD, Classification).
	encyclopedia.jrank.org /correction/edit?content_id=55758&locale=en (590 words)

	Ratitae - LoveToKnow 1911
		The separation of the Ratitae from the other birds, and their seemingly fundamental differences, notably the absence of the keel and of the power of flight, induced certain authors to go so far as to derive the Ratitae from the Dinosaurian reptiles, whilst Archaeopteryx (q.v.
		It had already been understood that the various genera of the Ratitae were the representatives of so many different groups, each of which was at least equivalent to ordinal rank, and that therefore, if the Ratitae were still to be considered a natural group, this common ancestry must be referred to a remote geological epoch.
		We restrict the origin of the Ratitae to that great branch of still primitive Carinatae which, after separation of the Ratitae, has further developed into the legion of the Alectoromorphae, notably Tinamiand Galliformes, together with still low Gruiformes (see BIRD, Classification).
	www.1911encyclopedia.org /Ratitae (621 words)

	Identification of the Sex of a Wide Range of Carinatae Birds by PCR Using Primer Sets Selected from Chicken EE0.6 and ...
		Identification of the Sex of a Wide Range of Carinatae Birds by PCR Using Primer Sets Selected from Chicken EE0.6 and Its Related Sequences -- Itoh et al.
		Sequences of subregions of W- or Z-linked EE0.6 from 12 or 10 different Carinatae species are compared and a forward primer (A) and a reverse primer (B) were selected.
		Molecular characterization and cytological mapping of a non-repetitive DNA sequence region from the W chromosome of chicken and its use as a universal probe for sexing Carinatae birds.
	jhered.oxfordjournals.org /cgi/content/full/92/4/315 (3361 words)

	Carinatae: Definition and Links by Encyclopedian.com
		In India, pickled ginger, minced mutton, and a cottage cheese like substance are popular pizza toppings.
		...Carinatae Carinatae In phylogenetic taxonomy, the Carinatae are considered the...Traditionally, Carinatae were defined as all birds having a keeled sternum.
		So, evidently the presence of this...are unique to the Carinatae have little to do with the sternum.
	www.encyclopedian.com /ca/Carinatae.html (491 words)

	Carinatae (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		The carina or "keel" referred to a strong medianridge running down the length of the sternum, or breast bone.
		This sort ofdefinitional problem is one reason why the use of physical characteristics to define or name taxonomic groups is nowdiscouraged.
		Rather, carinates are uniquein having, for example, a globe-shaped, convex head on the humerus and fully fused bones in the lower leg and outer arm.
	www.therfcc.org /carinatae-138829.html (303 words)

	Keel (bird) Information
		Keels do not exist on all birds; in particular, some flightless birds lack a keel structure.
		Historically, the presence or absence of a pronounced keel structure was used as a broad classification of birds into two classes: Carinatae (from carina, "keel"), having a pronounced keel; and Ratites (from ratis, "raft" — referring to the flatness of the sternum), having a subtle keel structure or lacking one entirely.
		The current definition of Carinatae now includes all extant birds.
	www.bookrags.com /wiki/Keel_(bird) (196 words)

	RATITAE (from Lat. rat... - Online Information article about RATITAE (from Lat. rat...
		flat-breasted birds," in opposition to the Carinatae, or those which normally possess a keeled sternum.
		Archaeopteryx (q.v.) and the Carinatae were supposed to have sprung from some Pterosaurian or similar reptilian stock.
		early and then much modified offshoot of such of the Carinatae as are now represented by the Crypturi, whilst in another part of the See also:
	encyclopedia.jrank.org /PYR_RAY/RATITAE_from_Lat_ratis_a_raft_.html (1152 words)

	Palaeos Vertebrates 350.500 Aves: Ornithothoraces
		Phylogeny: Ornithurae : (Hesperornithiformes + Carinatae) + *.
		Characters: chicken-sized; quadrate with 3 distal condyles forming a triangle; unique fused quadrate-pterygoid complex; 3rd pair of transverse processes enlarged; synsacrum present, wide and ventrally convex; caudal prezygapophyses absent or much reduced; very small wings (flightless) distinct neck posteroventral to the glenoid; absence of pubic foot; tarsometatarsal vascular distal foramen.
		Note: Traditionally, "Carinatae" was used to mean all neornithines other than ratites.
	www.palaeos.com /Vertebrates/Units/350Aves/350.500.html (2080 words)

	PhyloCode Discussion - Message 2004-10-0062: Re: Apomorphy-based clades; was Re: Panstems
		A good example is Carinatae, recently redefined > as (keeled sternum homologous with Vultur gryphus).
		I should mention that an earlier definition of Carinatae was node-bas= ed, Ichthyornis and the crown-group being specifiers.
		This is reasonabl= y close to much historical usage, although it does not correspond to any chan= ge in the shape of the keel.
	phylocode.miketaylor.org.uk /archive/messages/2004-10-0062.html (496 words)

	IngentaConnect Identification of the Sex of a Wide Range of Carinatae Birds by P... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		The EE0.6 sequence is conserved in all species of birds examined both in Carinatae and Ratitae.
		The W- and Z-linked EE0.6 sequences, cloned from 12 different species, were compared and four forward and three reverse primers were selected to amplify parts of the EE0.6 sequence by polymerase chain reaction (PCR).
		By choosing a suitable combination of primers for EE0.6 and a set of primers for a Z/W-common sequence, as an internal control, the sex of 36 species belonging to 16 different orders of Carinatae could be determined clearly by PCR.
	www.ingentaconnect.com /content/oup/jhered/2001/00000092/00000004/art00315 (332 words)

	Keel (bird) - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Keels do not exist on all birds; in particular, some flightless birds lack a keel structure.
		Historically, the presence or absence of a pronounced keel structure was used as a broad classification of birds into two classes: Carinatae (from carina, "keel"), having a pronounced keel; and Ratites (from ratis, "raft" — referring to the flatness of the sternum), having a subtle keel structure or lacking one entirely.
		The current definition of Carinatae now includes all extant birds.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Keel_(bird) (205 words)

	carinatae - OneLook Dictionary Search
		We found 4 dictionaries with English definitions that include the word carinatae:
		Tip: Click on the first link on a line below to go directly to a page where "carinatae" is defined.
		Carinatae : Online Plain Text English Dictionary [home, info]
	www.onelook.com /?w=carinatae (111 words)

	Carinatae - EvoWiki (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Carinatae is the parent clade of Neornithes, and is delimited from other ornithurines on the presence of a brachial depression of the distal humerus.
		You can help the EvoWiki by expanding it into a full article.
		This page was last modified 02:15, 12 April 2007.
	wiki.cotch.net /index.php/Carinatae (57 words)

	Cariccio, Caricous, Caries, Carillon, Carina, Carinaria, Carinatae, Carinate, Carinated, Caring : Vocabulary : ...
		Cariccio : A piece in a free form, with frequent digressions from the theme; a fantasia; -- often called caprice.
		Carinatae : A grand division of birds, including all existing flying birds; -- So called from the carina or keel on the breastbone.
		Carinated : Shaped like the keel or prow of a ship; having a carina or keel; as, a carinate calyx or leaf; a carinate sternum (of a bird).
	www.sanjeev.net /vocabulary/c/c-0131.html (239 words)

	Amazon.com: Carinatae (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Morphology Ichthyornis Aves Hesperornithiformes Sinornis Carinatae Archaeopteryx Ornithurae Deinonychus Ornithothoraces Ornithomimidae...
		FOPp0~~0 0~1QP90PJdl PPPOO NEOGNATHAE NEORNITHES CARINATAE ORNITHURAE AVES Postulated cladistic...
		were divided into nine sections-Argemonorhoeades, Carinatae, Horrida, Mecones, Miltantha, Orthorhoeades, Oxytona,...
	www.amazon.com /s?ie=UTF8&keywords=Carinatae&index=blended&page=1 (1010 words)

	carinatae - OneLook Dictionary Search
		We found 4 dictionaries with English definitions that include the word carinatae:
		Tip: Click on the first link on a line below to go directly to a page where "carinatae" is defined.
		Carinatae : Online Plain Text English Dictionary [home, info]
	onelook.com /?w=carinatae (111 words)

	Wpkci, Encoding an Altered Form of PKCI, Is Conserved Widely on the Avian W Chromosome and Expressed in Early Female ...
		Presence of the reiterated Wpkci gene in the female genomes of Carinatae birds.
		The female-specific Wpkci gene was conserved among all the Carinatae species of birds examined.
		Ogawa, A., Solovei, I., Hutchison, N., Saitoh, Y., Ikeda, J., Macgregor, H., and Mizuno, S. Molecular characterization and cytological mapping of a non-repetitive DNA sequence region from the W chromosome of chicken and its use as a universal probe for sexing Carinatae birds.
	www.molbiolcell.org /cgi/content/full/11/10/3645 (9373 words)

	ZooBank: The World Register of Animal Names
		A study of eggshells with scanning electron microscope.
		Identification of the sex of a wide range of Carinatae birds by PCR using primer sets selected from chicken EE0.6 and its related sequences.
		Locomotion in non-avian dinosaurs: integrating data from hindlimb kinematics, in vivo strains, and bone morphology.
	www.zoobank.org /namedetails.htm?nameid=943370 (67 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		A non-repetitive genomic DNA region of about 25 kb was cloned from the W chromosome of chicken using a genomic library prepared from a single W chromosome of the chicken.
		A 0.6-kb EcoRI fragment (EE0.6) subcloned from this region consists of a sequence that can be obtained by the exon-trapping procedure and flanking sequences.
		Sequences, which are closely similar to that of EE0.6, are widely conserved on the W chromosomes of Carinatae birds, as revealed by Southern blot hybridization to HindIII-digested female and male genomic DNAs from 18 species of birds belonging to eight different taxonomic orders.
	www.mnhn.fr /mnhn/oseb/these/resumes/ogawa2.html (218 words)

	Similis, e: 'Similar To' + Dative Case
		Although the generic name may not be declined, the epithet (unless it also is from an alien language) is declined.
		Alsinae carinatae arcte affinis, closely related to Alsine carinata.
		NOTE: The noun that 'affine' modifies here is understood, that is, it is assumed and not written out.
	www.mobot.org /plantscience/ResBot/BotLat/similis.htm (1244 words)

	Definition of carinatae - Merriam-Webster Online Dictionary
		Learn more about "carinatae " and related topics at Britannica.com
		Find more about "carinatae " instantly with Live Search
		See a map of "carinatae " in the Visual Thesaurus
	www.miriamwebster.com /dictionary/carinatae (41 words)

	Pharyngula: Waimanu
		Grey circles indicate possible initial divergence times for clades; known fossils (squares) show constraints on ages.
		Early divergences within the Carinatae could be older, and we have conservatively placed them later in the Cretaceous to give only one long ghost-lineage between Ambiortus and the early Carinatae.
		The placement of Waimanu within Sphenisciformes is evaluated by the cladistic analysis described in the text; see also Supplementary Information Figure 4.
	scienceblogs.com /pharyngula/2006/03/waimanu.php (1413 words)

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