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Topic: Carinthian Plebiscite

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	Referendum - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The terms referendum and plebiscite are often used interchangeably but the term plebiscite is usually preferred in circumstance in which a decision is being made on fundamental issues of sovereignty, such as in determining national borders or adopting a new constitution.
		Plebiscite is also often the term used to describe a direct vote held by a dictator or an undemocratic regime, in circumstances in which a free and fair vote is impossible.
		Plebiscites held by undemocratic governments may request approval for a radical governmental decree, or of the general policies of the government.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Plebiscite (2643 words)

	Carinthian Plebiscite article - Carinthian Plebiscite October 10 1920 Austria Kingdom Serbs, Croats Slovenes World - ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		The Carinthian Plebiscite on October 10, 1920 determined the border between Austria and the newly formed Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes (later Yugoslavia) after World War I.
		The "Carinthian question" became an issue in the closing days of World War I. The principle of self-determination, called for by Woodrow Wilson, was taken up by the various nationalities that were going to form the successor states in the wake of the defunct Habsburg empire.
		At the early stage ethnic Germans and Slovenes in Carinthia roughly agreed to apply the Drava river as the borderline in the Klagenfurt (Celovec in Slovene) valley, as the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes demanded.
	www.what-means.com /encyclopedia/Carinthian_Plebiscite (707 words)

	Carinthian Plebiscite - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Carinthian Plebiscite (Slovene Koroški plebiscit, German: Kärntner Volksabstimmung) on October 10, 1920 determined the border between Austria and the newly formed Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes (later Yugoslavia) after World War I.
		The Yugoslavs pressed for a border on the Drava; the U.S. delegates spoke in favor of the preservation of the unity of the Klagenfurt Basin and succeeded in convincing the British and French delegations.
		The plebiscite determined the border between Austria and the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Carinthian_Plebiscite (652 words)

	Referendum -- Facts, Info, and Encyclopedia article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		A referendum (plural: referendums or referenda) or plebiscite is a direct (A choice that is made by voting) vote in which an entire (The body of enfranchised citizens; those qualified to vote) electorate is asked to either accept or reject a particular proposal.
		A foundational referendum or plebiscite may be drafted by a (Surf for more about constituent assembly) constituent assembly before being put to voters.
		Hitler's use of the plebiscite is one reason why, since World War II, there has been no provision in (A republic in central Europe; split into East German and West Germany after World War II and reunited in 1990) Germany for the holding of referendums at the federal level.
	www.startsurfing.com /encyclopedia/r/re/referendum.htm (3385 words)

	Referendum biography .ms (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Some opposition to the referendum has arisen from its use by dictators such as Hitler and Mussolini who, it is argued, used the plebiscite to clothe oppressive policies in a veneer of legitimacy.
		Hitler's use of the plebiscite is one reason why, since World War II, there has been no provision in Germany for the holding of referendums at the federal level.
		Critics of the Borda count argue that it is particularly susceptible to tactical voting and to the tactical nomination of candidates, and that it may produce results that are not supported by a majority.
	plebiscite.biography.ms (2341 words)

	Plebiscite issues make interesting collection
		In the plebiscite, the Masurians voted with the Germans for a lopsided return of 97.9 percent in favor of union with Germany.
		The plebiscite was canceled, and the border was set by the Allied Conference of Ambassadors and accepted by both parties in July 1920.
		A plebiscite was to be held first in Zone A. If that election went against Austria, then a second plebiscite would be held in Zone B. The plebiscite was held in Zone A on Oct. 10, 1920, with 59 percent of the vote going to Austria.
	www.linns.com /howto/refresher/plebiscites_20030526/refreshercourse.asp (1683 words)

	plebiscite
		Demands for a plebiscite to determine the fate of Kashmir have been largely ignored and may now prove impossible to implement, according to writer...
		A “Plebiscite” was set for 10th April on the annexation of Austria to the German Reich, which was only a mockery.
		At the plebiscite on 23 December 1990, Slovenian...
	www.jointctr.org /?Category=plebiscite (321 words)

	Carinthian Plebiscite -- Facts, Info, and Encyclopedia article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Because the Austrian side won, the referendum was not carried out in the northern zone B. The Plebiscite did not cover the areas of Carinthia now part of Slovenia, namely the fomer "Miestal" and the area around (Click link for more info and facts about Dravograd) Dravograd (German Unterdrauburg).
		These were likely simply annexed by the SHS kingdom as a consequence of the (Click link for more info and facts about Treaty of Saint-Germain) Treaty of Saint-Germain.
		The border remained unchanged after World War II, when the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes was succeeded by (Yugoslav statesman who led the resistance to German occupation during World War II and established a communist state after the war (1892-1980)) Tito's (Click link for more info and facts about socialist Yugoslavia) socialist Yugoslavia.
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /Encyclopedia/C/Ca/Carinthian_Plebiscite.htm (510 words)

	The Carinthian Plebiscite (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		On October 20, 1920, a plebiscite was held on whether Carinthia should go to Austria or the newly-formed Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes.
		The letters KGCA on the Slovenian stamp stand for "Carinthian Governmental Commission Zone A." There was also a Zone B in Carinthia, encompassing the predominantly ethnic German areas around Klagenfurt.
		A plebiscite was planned for this area as well, but was unneccesary after the first plebisicite went in favor of Austria.
	www.carniola.org /theglory/2004/08/the_carinthian.htm (449 words)

	Referendum explained (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Many of the arguments used by those who oppose the referendum are summarised in the following comment made in an interview in 2003 by the British politician Chris Patten concerning the possibility of a referendum in the UK on the European Union Constitution: :''I think referendums are awful..
		Although the Constitution of Canada does not expressly require that amendments be approved by referendum some argue that, in light of the precedent set by the Charlottetown Accord referendum, this may have become an unwritten convention.
		Main article: Amendments of the Constitution of Ireland The current Constitution of Ireland was adopted by plebiscite on 1 July, 1937.
	www.wordspider.net /re/referendum.html (2716 words)

	The Role of the United States and the Carinthian Question 1918-1 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Although plebiscites were regarded unani The Governor of Carinthia, Christof Zernatto (center), presents commemorative plaque to Michael Sheehan (left), Director of the Woodrow Wilson House.
		The Carinthian plebiscite proved that the settling of questions of sovereignty on a linguistic basis is not necessarily a satisfactory method.
		The reaction of the Carinthian German-speakers and also part of the Carinthian Slovenes was vigorous and prompt despite the strains of a lost war.
	www.austria.org /dec95/role.htm (2104 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		In the premises of the parson's house at Libeliče, in the year 1997 on the occasion of the 75th anniversary of incorporation of this village to the Slovenian homeland, a permanent exhibition on the Carinthian plebiscite (in the year 1920) was opened.
		Further it was determined first to carry out the plebiscite in the zone A, and in the zone B only then if this outcome had been favourable for Yugoslavia.
		The most important part of the exhibited materials analyses the reasons for the Slovenian defeat in the plebiscite, trying to revive the atmosphere before the event, particularly the aggressive propaganda on both sides but certainly more brutal on the German side interwoven by briberies and violence.
	gostje.kivi.si /muzej/eng/exhibitions/plebiscit (520 words)

	iqexpand.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		The Carinthian Plebiscite on October 10, 1920, determined the lines of division between what is today Austria and Slovenia.
		The Case Against Milosevic (February 26, 2004) The Carinthian Plebiscite (August 20, 2004) The Adriatic in Bloom (August 06, 2004)...
		Vodopivec, Peter 1986: andquot;Commentary: The 1920 Carinthian plebisciteandquot; The article contrasts Yugoslav and Austrian historians' views on the 1920 plebiscite.
	carinthian_plebiscite.iqexpand.com (372 words)

	Read about Carinthian Plebiscite at WorldVillage Encyclopedia. Research Carinthian Plebiscite and learn about ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Woodrow Wilson, was taken up by the various nationalities that were going to form the successor states in the wake of the defunct Habsburg empire.
		Because the Austrian side won, the referendum was not carried out in the northern zone B. The Plebiscite did not cover the areas of Carinthia now part of Slovenia, namely the fomer "Miestal" and the area around
		Claudia Fräss-Ehrfeld, "The United States' role in the Carinthian question 1918 - 1920" (http://www.austria.org/oldsite/dec95a/role.htm) — Historical context.
	encyclopedia.worldvillage.com /s/b/Carinthian_Plebiscite (575 words)

	Speech
		Seventy-five years have passed since, two years after the Koroška plebiscite, the people of Libelice took their fate into their own hands and achieved the incorporation of their town into the mother country.
		Without the steadfastness and the perseverance of the people of Libeliče, without their enormous will to live together with their compatriots in the Slovene motherland, and without those others who helped them, Slovenia's borders today would not be the same.
		Yet to this day in Carinthia the anniversary of the plebiscite has largely been marked by glorification of the victory of the majority over the minority, rather than a celebratory confirmation of the democratic cohabitation between people of different nations in a common homeland of two languages and cultures.
	www2.gov.si /up-rs/uprs_ang.nsf/4f0e6b3d16bb4c8dc125678c003a80ab/2584c03949392837c1256790004d658e?OpenDocument (861 words)

	Slovenia: Carinthian Plebiscite (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		The Koroška Regional Museum, Slovenj Gradec in Slovenj Gradec opened a permanent exhibition on the Carinthian Plebiscite on the first floor of the priest’s house in Libeliče in 1997, on the 75th anniversary of the incorporation of Libeliče into the then Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes.
		The international peace conference determined the area for the plebiscite, which was held on October 10, 1920.
		Most of the exhibited archive materials draw attention to the causes that brought about the defeat in the plebiscite and attempt to recreate the mood before the plebiscite, the aggressive propaganda, and the determination of the people of Libeliče to be incorporated into what they saw as their real homeland.
	www.culturalprofiles.org.uk /slovenia/Units/4214.html (211 words)

	Search: plebiscite - FOX News (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Plebiscite 2004 was an experiment in radical republicanism in the...
		plebiscite plebiscitepl b' s t [Lat.,=popular decree], vote of the people on a question submitted to them...
		Plebiscite 2004: Citizens of the World, Vote for United States...
	search.foxnews.com /_1_Y8MT5P08GDUMB__info.foxnws/search/web/plebiscite (533 words)

	Erste Republik (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		This treaty imposed all the war debts of the old Empire on the new republic.
		Furthermore, Austria was to stop calling itself "Deutschösterreich" (German-Austria) and Burgenland was ceded to Austria; in southern Carinthia a plebiscite was held in 1920 and the vote was in favour of Austria (
		Carinthian Plebiscite), while South Tyrol, with 230,000 Austrian inhabitants, had to be ceded to Italy without plebiscite.
	www.aeiou.at /aeiou.encyclop.e/e782241.htm;internal&action=_setlanguage.action?LANGUAGE=en (1934 words)

	Carinthian Plebiscite Term Papers, Essay Research Paper Help, Essays on Carinthian Plebiscite
		If you would like to read detailed information about our Carinthian Plebiscite papers BEFORE submitting payment--such as a summary, the number of pages, year written, and number of sources--you may try our deluxe Carinthian Plebiscite Search Engine.
		We write Carinthian Plebiscite papers for research--24 hours a day, 7 days a week--on topics at every level of education.
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	www.essaytown.com /topics/carinthian_plebiscite_essays_papers.html (926 words)

	plebiscite - OneLook Dictionary Search
		PLEBISCITE : 1911 edition of the Encyclopedia Britannica [home, info]
		Phrases that include plebiscite: carinthian plebiscite, upper silesia plebiscite
		This is a OneLook Word of the Day, which means it might be in the news.
	www.onelook.com /?w=plebiscite&loc=wotd (235 words)

	Encyclopedia: Carinthian Plebiscite (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		The border remained unchanged after World War II, when the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes was succeeded by Slovenia.
		Claudia Fräss-Ehrfeld, "The United States' role in the Carinthian question 1918 - 1920"
		Click for other authoritative sources for this topic (summarised at Factbites.com).
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Carinthian-Plebiscite (655 words)

	Carinthian Plebiscite (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
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		Because the Austrian side won, the referendum was not carried out in the northern zone B. The plebiscite determined the border between Austria and the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes.
		Dr.Claudia Fräss-Ehrfeld, "The United States' role in the Carinthian question 1918 - 1920" Historical context.
	www.sciencedaily.com /encyclopedia/carinthian_plebiscite (694 words)

	WHKMLA : History of Austria, 1918-1920
		The Viennese administration soon found itself reduced to a rump Austria, the provinces (Laender) of Vorarlberg, Tyrol (except the south, annexed by Italy), Salzburg, Styria, Carinthia, Oberoesterreich and Niederoesterreich.
		After plebiscites were held, PLEBISCITE CARINTHIA and the BURGENLAND (Lajtabanszag, without Sopron) were to join in 1920 respectively 1921.
		Burgenland, Abstimmungsgebiete (Plebiscite Areas), Kaerntner Volksabstimmung (Carinthian Plebiscite), English-language articles from aeiou
	www.zum.de /whkmla/region/germany/au191820.html (482 words)

	Slovenska izseljenska matica
		The Slovene Republican Alliance (Slovensko republikansko združenje) was the first umbrella organization to unite all Slovene-American societies into a more powerful and influential entity.
		After the Great War, American Slovenes continued to apply their skills and resources in response to political events that affected their countrymen in Europe, such as the Italian occupation of the Slovene littoral and the Carinthian plebiscite.
		The occupation of the Slovene lands during World War II prompted a new effort to call attention to the plight of the homeland.
	www.zdruzenje-sim.si /default4.asp?cnt=2&menuID=1713 (842 words)

	More Plebiscite Propaganda (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Posted by: somebody at October 20, 2004 12:09 AM
		Perhaps we should have a new plebiscite today with the words, "I don't want old, failed Austria....
		Posted by: Boris at October 20, 2004 07:41 AM
	www.carniola.org /theglory/2004/10/more_plebiscite.htm (259 words)

	Slovene Conference Panels
		Igor Grdina, U of Ljubljana (Slovenia) "Slovenia and Carinthian Slovenes: The Fight for Northern Border and Carinthian Plebiscite in 1920"
		Tom M. Priestly, U of Alberta (Canada) "Analysis of the Sociolinguistic Situation in Six Carinthian Localities"
		Maurice Williams, Okanagan U. College (Canada) "The Other Final Solution: Friedrich Rainer, Carinthian Slovenes, and the 'Carinthian Question'"
	www.arts.ualberta.ca /~ljubljan/conferences.html (3078 words)

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