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Topic: Carl August Steinheil

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	12. August
		1767: August Ferdinand Ludwig Dörffurt, Apotheker und Bürgermeister von Wittenberg
		Aujußß lmo:12 08 nap:12 'e aùsto nov:12 de auguste pam:Agostu 12 scn:12 di austu sco:12 August simple:August 12 vec:12 de agosto war:Agosto 12
		August und dessen Bedeutung wurde zuletzt am 20.12.2006 aktualisiert (Glossar Lexikon Enzyklopädie).
	www.weblexikon.de /12._August.html (1866 words)

	Steinheil (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Carl August von Steinheil was a Swiss physicist who is known for his electric clock, telegraph device and optical instruments, particularly telescopes with silver covered mirrors.
		In 1836 Steinheil devised a recording telegraph, in which the movable needles indicated the message by marking dots and dashes with printer's ink on a ribbon of travelling paper, according to an artificial code in which the fewest signs were given to the commonest letters in the German language.
		Steinheil was one of the first two (simultaneously with but independently of Foucault) to apply silvering to astronomical mirrors, in 1856.
	chem.ch.huji.ac.il /~eugeniik/history/steinheil.html (153 words)

	Electrical Telegraph Encyclopedia Article @ VehiclePeddler.com (Vehicle Peddler) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Carl Friedrich Gauß and Wilhelm Weber built an electromagnetic telegraph in 1833 in Göttingen.
		Carl Friedrich Gauß, one of the most influential mathematicians of the early 19th century, developed an new theory on the Earth's magnetism in 1831, together with the physics professor Wilhelm Weber in Göttingen.
		Carl August Steinheil in München was able to build a telegraph network within Munich in 1835-6, and installed a telegraph line along the first German railroad in 1835.
	www.vehiclepeddler.com /encyclopedia/Electrical_telegraph (2206 words)

	Carl August von Steinheil - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Carl August von Steinheil (12 October 1801 in Rappoltsweiler, Elsass (German-populated France); 14 September 1870 in München) was a German physicist.
		Carl August von Steinheil studied Law in Erlangen since 1821, then Astronomy in Göttingen and Königsberg.
		Steinheil script (an own code to print dots on paper via telegraph, not used due to the adaption of the Morse Code
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Carl_August_Steinheil (327 words)

	[No title]
		Rebuilding began soon after, and by August 1681, the third observatory was ready for use; though not as elaborate, with fewer and inferior instruments.
		On loan to the observatory in 1931 was a Zeiss equatorial telescope, 20 cm aperture and 301 cm focal length, from the National Institute of Astronomy; and a Steinheil equatorial telescope, 162 mm aperture and 230 cm focal length, from Warsaw.
		Instruments in 1907 included a Steinheil refractor of 152mm aperture, a Cooke refractor of 127 mm aperture, a meridian circle, a Vogel stellar spectroscope, and a photometer.
	home.europa.com /~telscope/tspoland.txt (7287 words)

	Lunar Republic : Craters
		Carl Wilhelm ~ (1742-1786), Swedish chemist and apothecary; discovered many new acids and gases, and was involved in the discovery of barium, chlorine, manganese, molybdenum, nitrogen, oxygen and tungsten, though he is not credited with discovering any of them.
		Carl August von ~ (1801-1870), German astronomer, physicist and optician, born at Rapportsweiler, Alsace; devised an early version of the electric clock, considered by many to be the first ever built.
		F. Carl M. ~ (1874-1957), Norwegian mathematician, astronomer and aurora researcher; studied the phenomenon of aurora polaris (the northern and southern lights), photographing and classifying aurorae and devising a method of measuring their height using triangulation ("Störmer height profile").
	www.lunarrepublic.com /gazetteer/crater_s.shtml (4700 words)

	The Making of the Spectroscope (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		From the letter written by Kirchhoff it also follows, that Kirchhoff and Bunsen used optical components manufactured by Carl August Steinheil for their first spectral apparatus.
		Also the next steps of the collaboration between the instrument-maker Steinheil from Munich and the scientists Kirchhoff and Bunsen living in Heidelberg will be discussed by the use of further sources that have not received attention yet.
		Since both these apparatus, one for the purpose of chemical analyses, the other one to investigate the solar spectrum, became widespread and were copied by various instrument makers, the initial development of spectroscopes was already shaped in 1859 by the collaboration of Bunsen, Kirchhoff and Steinheil.
	www.sic.iuhps.org /conf2001/spec_a42.htm (351 words)

	elementary signs : letters
		Steinheil's alphabet was only one facet of his system, and less important indeed than his discovery that the "return wire" of a telegraph circuit could be dispensed with, and the earth itself be employed for that purpose.
		Steinheil is said to have developed an acoustic version of the system in which the positive and negative currents caused to be struck bells of different notes (high for positive, low for negative).
		The mnemonic aspect of the Steinheil alphabet is echoed in at least one "Morse Code Alphabet" I have encountered, in which the Morse dots and dashes are incorporated in skeletal representations of the capital letters A-Z. Training of Morse operators was always by ear, not eye, however.
	www.jmcvey.net /cable/elements/letters1.htm (5629 words)

	Telegraph (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Carl Friedrich GauÃ and Wilhelm Weber built and used for regular communication the first electromagnetic telegraph in 1833 in GÃ¶ttingen.The first commercial electrical telegraph was constructed by Sir Charles Wheatstone and Sir William Fothergill Cooke and entered use on the Great Western Railway.
		It ran for 13 miles from Paddington station to West Drayton and came into operation on April 9, 1839.
		Another advancement in telegraph technology occurred on August 9, 1892, when Thomas Edison received a patent for a two-way telegraph.
	en.encyclopediahome.com /wiki/Telegraph (3217 words)

	[No title]
		Bamberg / Askania, Busch, Erfle, Ertel, Fritsch, Merz, Reinfelder & Hertel, Repsold, Steinheil, Tremel.
		Werkstaetten fuer Praezisions Mechanik und Optik von Carl Bamberg established in 1871, Berlin.
		1836, Karl August von Steinheil visited Repsold, worked together to produce standards for measurement, including quartz kilogram weight & glass meter; and a split telescope objective adjusted cylindrically, with scales that could be read from the objective made of platinum wires that glowed using electricity.
	home.europa.com /~telscope/tsgerman.txt (3898 words)

	VECTORS For November 2004 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		A German astronomer named Carl August von Steinheil (1801:1870) came up with a similar scheme, but compared the brightness of a star with a reference star.
		Steinheil's scheme worked better than Herschel's, but both approaches suffered from a fundamental problem: they were "eyeball" methods and the results were necessarily subjective to a degree.
		The letter, dated 2 August 1939, was personally delivered to the president by economist Alexander Sachs, who had close access to the president.
	www.vectorsite.net /v2004m11.html (8078 words)

	Historical Telescopes in the Netherlands (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		During WW II the telescope was hidden away in a nearby seminary in Maastricht where for more than thirty years it lay forgotten and neglected in the attic until it was acquired by the Sterrenwacht Schrieversheide.
		Achromatic refractors by Dollond, Jesse Ramsden, Herbage, Jan and Harmanus van Deijl, Lerebours and Secrétan, Reinfelder and Hertel, Albert, Benjamin Salom and Co. and Carl August Steinheil.
		Large refractor with wooden(!) tube by the Steinheil firm (1863); the original object glass was replaced in 1888 by one from the Merz firm (Ø = 26.1 cm, f = 319 cm).
	www.phys.uu.nl /~vgent/telescope/telescopenl.htm (1895 words)

	Steinheil - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Fabian Steinheil (Fabian Gotthard von Steinheil) (* 1762; † 1831)
		Carl August von Steinheil (Karl August Steinheil) (* 1801; † 1870)
		This human name article is a disambiguation page — a list of pages that might otherwise share the same title, which is a person's or persons' name.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Steinheil (111 words)

	Museo della Specola, Bologna - Catalogue, telescopes, 48 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		The inventories of 1873-1907 list it as "A large refracting telescope by Steinheil with object lens of 6-inch (16.2 cm) aperture and 9-foot (260 cm) focal length [Inv.
		MdS-93], bearing the words (handwritten and unclear) Di Stainar, which could be the original box for the telescope accessories.
		Von Steinheil, professor of physics and mathematics at Munich, was also a telescope maker, famous for his 3-lens aplanatic system.
	www.bo.astro.it /dip/Museum/english/can_48.html (293 words)

	A MendelWeb Timeline: 1830-1839
		Carl Friedrich Gauss (1777-1855) shows that the origin of the
		Carl Friedrich Gärtner (1772-1850) wins the prize offered by the Dutch Academy in 1830, for his investigations of hybridization and the species question.
		The first electric clock is built by physicist Carl August Steinheil (1801-1870).
	www.mendelweb.org /MWtime2.html (2635 words)

	Astronomical Instruments (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		A major breakthrough occurred around 1853 when Justus von Liebig perfected a method for precipitating metallic silver out of a solution and depositing it as a thin reflecting film upon a glass surface.
		In 1856, Carl August von Steinheil and Léon Foucault, a French physicist, independently applied Liebig's idea to astronomical mirrors.
		From this point onward, with a few exceptions, mirrors were made exclusively of glass, a much lighter substance than speculum metal and far easier to cast, grind, and polish.
	members.tripod.com /~worldsite/astronomy/astroinst.html (10879 words)

	History, Theory and Practice of the Electric Telegraph (1860) -- Steinheil extract
		In Samuel Morse's original lines, two wires were used -- a sending plus a return wire -- to create a complete electrical circuit.
		However, in 1837 Carl August von Steinheil of Munich, Germany found that, by connecting the end of the sending wire to plates buried in the ground, the return wire could be eliminated.
		At the time, a common but incorrect belief was that the return current was now traveling through the ground back to the sending point, in order to complete the circuit, which in turn led to speculation about telegraphy through the ground without using any wires.
	earlyradiohistory.us /1860stei.htm (697 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		One who did was Professor Georg W Richmann a Swedish physicist working in St Petersburg who was killed in the attempt on 6 August 1753.
		For the previous fifty years the great mathematicians of the day had sought equations to describe the vibration of a taut string anchored at both ends as well as the related problem of the propagation of sound through an elastic medium.
		Whereas their theories applied to particular situations, Fourier's claim was controversial in that it extended the theory to any continuous periodic waveform.
	www.battech.co.uk /hob.htm (21140 words)

	John A Brashear of Pittsburth (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		The Brashears eventually developed a special method for silvering the surface of mirrors for telescopes, and to this day Dr. Brashear is referred to in the literature as can be seen in the following abstract.
		Glass was first used for the manufacture of telescope mirrors in 1856, by Carl August von Steinheil and Jean FOUCAULT.
		While the scientific world knows him as the man who did for the telescope and its accessories what Carl Zeiss did for the microscope and its accessories, Pittsburgh knows him first of all as a good citizen.
	db.library.queensu.ca /phoebe/articles/brash99.html (8003 words)

	Electric clocks - Page 2
		Etwas später im April 1815 präsentierte Karl Streizig in Verona ebenso eine elektrische Uhr mit Stunden- und Minutenanzeige, die ebenfalls auf dem in Verona entwickelten Prinzip der "Zamponischen Säulen " aufbaute.
		This invention was further developed by Professor Carl August von Steinheil in Munich, who already in 1839 described the principle of an electric clock that drives several slave clocks.
		At this time there were many attempts by different inventors from England, France, Italy and Germany to use electricity to power clocks.
	www.lothar-frerking.de /eng/elektrische_uhren1_eng.htm (438 words)

	[No title]
		The first known amateur radio organisation in the world was the “Junior Wireless Club Ltd of New York starting on 2 January 1910, becoming the Radio Club of America on 21 October 1911.
		The ‘Australasian Wireless Company’ obtains a licence from the PMG to run telegraphy tests with ships at sea on 27 August.
		It was permitted to handle commercial traffic in 1911 — the first in Australia.
	www.ewh.ieee.org /r10/nsw/subpages/history/_milestones.doc (4175 words)

	Finland
		1440 - 1448 Carl Knutsson Bonde (in Vyborg) (b.
		1735 - 24 Oct 1736 Carl Gustaf fiherre Armfelt (b.
		1921) SP 1 May 1909 - 13 Nov 1909 August Johannes Hjelt (b.
	www.worldstatesmen.org /Finland.html (3130 words)

	WEB\NEWMEDIA\DOCS\yesterday\eras\1831-40
		Outbreak of the First Opium War between Britain and China.
		Swiss physicist Carl August Steinheil builds the first electric clock.
		George D. Weed publishes the antislavery pamphlet Slavery As It Is.
	newmedia.cgu.edu /yesterday/eras/183140.htm (327 words)

	Name Index to Sky & Telescope (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Fred Rost for having gone through the index in August and September of 2002 and providing updated information on over 70 astronomers.
		This index was last revised on 4 March 2005.
		Nov 77 (54,5) 365 Sagan, Carl (1934-1996) Mar 97 (93,3) 6 Feb 98 (95,2) 61 Jun 99 (97,6) 60 Sagdeev, Roald Sep 84 (68,3) 221 interview Dec 94 (88,6) 54 Saha, Meghnad (1894-1956) May 56 (15,7) 307 Salpeter, Edwin E. Nov 84 (68,5) 416 Sanford, John [b.
	www.nd.edu /~kkrisciu/st.html (3396 words)

	Binocular codes 1939-45 - Wehrmacht-Awards.com Militaria Forums
		bmt C A Steinheil and Sohne GmbH, Optische Werke, Munich, Germany
		hkm Carl Braun K-G Optische Industrie, Nuremberg, Germany
		mgf August Fischer Werkstatten fur Feinmechanik, Gottingen, Germany
	www.wehrmacht-awards.com /forums/showthread.php?t=102720 (575 words)

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