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| | The quantum leap |
 | | However, in 1859, Gustav Robert Kirchhoff showed that the ratio of emissivity to absorptivity of a body is independent of its nature and is thus a universal function, which is the same for all bodies. |
 | | Using the same hypothesis regarding the energy of the elementary oscillators as in the derivation of Planck's radiation law, Einstein provided, using the quantum hypothesis, the first model for the specific heat of solids that was in broad agreement with the experimental data. |
 | | Einstein, together with Boris Podolsky and Nathan Rosen, was more fruitful with his observation in 1935 that in quantum mechanics two particles could be created in a combined state, an `entangled state', that could never be separated into the sum of two single particle states. |
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