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	Carl Gustav Hempel - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Carl Gustav Hempel (* January 8, 1905 in Oranienburg, Germany † November 9, 1997 in Princeton, New Jersey) was a philosopher of science and a student of logical positivism.
		Hempel studied mathematics, physics, and philosophy at the Universitiy of Göttingen, Heidelberg and Berlin.
		In 1937 Hempel emigrated to the US where he accepted a position as Carnap's assistant at the University of Chicago.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Carl_Gustav_Hempel (353 words)

	Carl Gustav Hempel [Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy]
		Hempel studied at the Realgymnasium at Berlin and, in 1923, he was admitted at the University of Gottingen where he studied mathematics with David Hilbert and Edmund Landau and symbolic logic with Heinrich Behmann.
		Hempel was very impressed with Hilbert's program of proving the consistency of mathematics by means of elementary methods; he also studied philosophy, but he found mathematical logic more interesting than traditional logic.
		Hempel and Oppenheim's essay 'Studies in the logic of explanation', published in volume 15 of the journal Philosophy of science, gave an account of the deductive-nomological explanation.
	www.utm.edu /research/iep/h/hempel.htm (2876 words)

	Princeton - News - Philosopher of Science Carl G. Hempel Dies
		PRINCETON, N.J. Carl G. Hempel, a philosopher of science who refined and defended the approach known as logical positivism or logical empiricism, died Sunday, November 9, of pneumonia at the Windrows at Forrestal care facility.
		While Professor Hempel remained a logical empiricist throughout his career, he was substantially influenced by a colleague at Princeton, the historian of science Thomas Kuhn, who urged that the formalist perspective of logical empiricism be replaced by a pragmatic view of the history, sociology and psychology of science.
		Professor Hempel held Guggenheim and Fulbright fellowships and served as a fellow at the Center for Advanced Study in the Behavioral Sciences and as an honorary research fellow in philosophy at the University College, London.
	www.princeton.edu /pr/news/97/q4/1112-hempel.html (829 words)

	Scott Soames Ph.D. - Review of Beyond Rigidity - The Unfinished Semantic Agenda of Naming and Necessity - An Excellent ...
		Such a speaker asserts the Russellian singular proposition that Hempel lived on Lake Lane in Princeton; the sole constituents of this proposition are Hempel himself and the property of having lived on Lake Lane in Princeton.
		For instance, he leaves open the possibility that the semantic content of 'Carl Hempel' is (roughly) the same as that of 'the thing that is sentient and is identical with z', under an assignment of Hempel to the variable 'z'.
		Jill believes that (3) is false because she confuses the singular, Russellian proposition that (3) semantically expresses with the various descriptive propositions that she could use (3) to assert and convey, or that would be conveyed to her by assertive utterances of (3), for instance, the proposition semantically expressed by (11).
	evans-experientialism.freewebspace.com /soames.htm (4871 words)

	Raven paradox - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Raven paradox is a paradox proposed by the German logician Carl Gustav Hempel in the 1940s to illustrate a problem where inductive logic violates intuition.
		Hempel gives an example of the principle of induction: the theory that all ravens are fl.
		Hempel, C. Studies in the Logic of Confirmation.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Hempel's_paradox (861 words)

	Carl G. Hempel (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Carl G. Hempel, 92, University Professor of Philosophy at Pitt from 1976 until his retirement in 1985, died Nov. 9, 1997, at a nursing facility near his home in Princeton Township, New Jersey.
		It disagrees with Hempel's model, but, as Salmon himself has emphasized, Hempel's work was his own point of departure." With Paul Oppenheim, Hempel in 1948 developed a logically precise theory known as the Deductive-Nomological, or Covering Law, Model of Explanation, which sees scientific laws and theories as systematizing otherwise unwieldy bodies of particular empirical claims.
		Hempel was the author of the books "Aspects of Scientific Explanation and Other Essays in the Philosophy of Science" and "Philosophy of Natural Science," which has been translated into 10 languages.
	www.pitt.edu /utimes/issues/30/112097/06.html (555 words)

	Theories of Explanation [Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy]
		Hempel accepted IS arguments as explanatory just to the extent that they approximated DN explanations by conferring a high probability on the event to be explained.
		Hempel's dissatisfaction with statistical explanation was at odds with modern science, for which the explanatory use of statistics had become indispensable.
		Hempel's view might be defended here by claiming that when our theories do not allow us to predict a phenomenon with a high degree of accuracy, it is because we have incomplete knowledge of the initial conditions.
	www.utm.edu /research/iep/e/explanat.htm (6249 words)

	The St. Petersburg Paradox (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Professor Carl Hempel, who invented this paradox, believes that a purple cow actually does slightly increase the probability that all crows are fl.
		Hempel's belief is that observing a non-fl object actually does confirm the "all crows are fl" law, but only to an infinitesimal degree.
		The reason the procedure seems strange, Hempel says, is that the class of objects on earth that are not crows is so enormously large compared to the number of crows that the degree to which a non-raven that is not fl confirms the hypothesis is negligible.
	www.geocities.com /CapitolHill/Lobby/3022/hempel.html (238 words)

	Scientific Explanation
		Hempel's response (1965, 360ff) is that the occurrence of “caused” in (2.4.1) should not be left unanalyzed or taken as explanatory just as it stands.
		According to Hempel, it is the implicit claim that some such law holds that “distinguishes” (2.4.1) from “a mere sequential narrative” in which the spilling is said to follow the impact but without any claim of causal connection — a narrative that (Hempel thinks) would clearly not be explanatory.
		As we have seen, both Hempel and Salmon, as well as most subsequent contributors to the literature on statistical explanation, have tended to assume that statistical theories that assign a probability to some outcome strictly between 0 and 1 should nonetheless be interpreted as explaining that outcome.
	plato.stanford.edu /entries/scientific-explanation (16044 words)

	Carl Hempel and A. J. Ayer
		CARL HEMPEL AND A. The verification theory of meaning put forward by Moritz Schlick in 1932 lost its appeal in the following years.
		The fundamental Positivist tenet of meaning, Hempel said, is that non-analytic knowledge is based on experience.
		Through a similar logical argument Hempel showed that The theory of falsifiability in principle can be shown to have the same kinds of problems and therefore also must be set aside.
	www.geocities.com /Athens/Styx/5150/gsr11/gsr1105.htm (1542 words)

	Paradox or Fallacy - The Paradox of the Ravens
		Hempel assumes the generalisation that 'all ravens are fl'.
		At the beginning of the essay I stated that either Hempel's argument must be faulty or that the common sense view must be false.
		I intend to argue that Hempel's argument is sound and that the common sense view is false.
	www.paradoxes.info /TheRavens.html (2247 words)

	Carl Hempel: “Studies in the Logic of Explanation”
		Carl Hempel: “Studies in the Logic of Explanation”
		Hempel is a Logical Positivist, keen to give an empiricism-friendly analysis of the otherwise suspect notion of explanation.
		Hempel argues that all good explanations in the “Nonphysical” sciences can be put into this format.
	spruce.flint.umich.edu /~simoncu/380/hempel.htm (865 words)

	Empistomology - Liss
		Hempel's clarifications pave the way: A scientific theory might be likened to a complex spatial network: Its terms are represented by the knots, while the threads connecting the latter correspond, in part, to the definitions and, in part, to the fundamental and derivative hypotheses included in the theory.
		Hempel espouses, says that our operational concepts, as well as higher order concepts, may contain aspects that are invisible, unobservable, not only for today, but for always.
		Hempel says that we must be very rigorous, in two senses, when we consider the clarity of our scientific language (evidence or concept): The meaning of a given expression presupposes that the conditions of its application are (1) well determined for every user of the language and are (2) the same for all users.
	www.eabp.org /sc.ans-append6.htm (11769 words)

	FSuppe Abstract (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Hempel's provisos papers widely are regarded as repudiating his earlier influential work.
		I argue that Hempel's provisos views (a) are modest extensions of ideas found in his 1934 dissertation and papers written during his 1935-39 Belgium exile and (b) were fully articulated by 1945.
		In his provisos problem, Hempel had his finger on a fundamental philosophical problem how scientific theories connect with observational or experimental results, but his basic positivistic/logical-empiricistic commitments precluded solution of the problem.
	carnap.umd.edu /chps/Colloquium/Fall99/suppe.html (262 words)

	Carl Gustav Jung -- Britannica Concise Encyclopedia - The online encyclopedia you can trust!
		The Swiss psychiatrist Carl Gustav Jung, an early adherent of Freud's theories, questioned the degree of emphasis that Freud gave to sexual motivations in personality development.
		Early in his career the Swiss psychologist and psychiatrist Carl Jung was a friend and follower of Sigmund Freud, the founder of psychoanalysis.
		Carl Linnaeus brought order to the study of biology when he created the classification system still in use today.
	www.britannica.com /ebc/article-9368770?tocId=9368770 (980 words)

	Selected Philosophical Essays - Cambridge University Press (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Carl Gustav Hempel (1905—1997) was one of the preeminent figures in the philosophical movement of logical empiricism.
		He was a member of both the Berlin and Vienna circles, fled Germany in 1934 and finally settled in the US where he taught for many years in New York, Princeton, and Pittsburgh.
		The essays in this collection come from the early and late periods of Hempel’s career and chart his intellectual odyssey from a rigorous commitment to logical positivism in the 1930s (when Hempel allied himself closely with Carnap) to a more sociological approach close in spirit to the work of Neurath and Kuhn.
	www.cup.cam.ac.uk /catalogue/catalogue.asp?isbn=0521624754 (306 words)

	Directory - Society: Philosophy: Philosophers: H: Hempel, Carl Gustav
		Carl Gustav Hempel · cached · Essay with bibliography on this 20th-century thinker's life and ideas, by Mauro Murzi.
		Biography.com: Hempel, Carl Gustav · Brief outline of the life of this German-born thinker.
		The Doomsday Argument and Hempel's Problem · cached · Paper by Paul Franceschi, discussing Hempel's paradox of confirmation in detail, and a commonly-proposed solution to it.
	www.incywincy.com /default?p=1160830 (166 words)

	The Armchair Ornithologist (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Carl Hempel’s gift to the world in 1937 was his “paradox of the crows”, also known as the paradox of negation.
		Hempel’s paradox has been much debated by logicians and philosophers of science.
		Hempel’s paradox has been seen by some as a worm in the core of inductive logic, and therefore of the scientific method.
	homepage.powerup.com.au /~mindgym/rumpus/hempel.htm (1052 words)

	Philosophy of Science Reading List - Department of Philosophy - University of Calgary (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Carl Hempel and Paul Oppenheim (1948) “Studies in the Logic of Explanation”; Philosophy of Science, Volume 15, pp.
		Carl Hempel (1965) “Aspects of Scientific Explanation”; in Carl Hempel’s Aspects of Scientific Explanation and other Essays in the Philosophy of Science.
		Carl Hempel (1965) “Studies in the Logic of Confirmation” in Carl Hempel’s Aspects of Scientific Explanation and other Essays in the Philosophy of Science.
	www.phil.ucalgary.ca /grad/science.html (652 words)

	Amazon.com: Philosophy of Natural Science: Books: Carl G. Hempel (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Hempel is a clear writer, and he illustrates his points with many examples from the history of science.
		In this little book Carl Hempel lays out the basics of a philosophy of science, or in other words what a scientific theory must be in order to be science.
		Hempel is a philosopher of science to be admired in his open views.
	www.amazon.com /exec/obidos/tg/detail/-/0136638236?v=glance (1305 words)

	The Paradox of the Ravens (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		One such spanner-thrower was a logician by the name of Carl Hempel, who came up with a problem called the "raven paradox".
		Hempel would think I'm an admirably clear thinker, and that Mr Average's incredulity is a purely psychological issue with no real basis in fact.
		To this, Hempel would probably shrug and say that the situation was a logical necessity, so get used to it.
	www.nutters.org /docs/ravens-paradox (1495 words)

	Sample Multiple Choice Exam Questions (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Carl G. Hempel, "Studies in the Logic of Explanation"
		According to Hempel, a necessary logical condition for an explanation to be sound is that the explanans:
		According to Hempel, for an explanation to be sound the explanans must:
	www.calpoly.edu /~fotoole/321/hemps.htm (247 words)

	Amazon.ca: Books: Selected Philosophical Essays (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		This book is a collection of articles by Hempel since the early 1930s, some of which were previously untranslated or were difficult to find.
		The books begins with the "carnapian Hempel" (a phase with many phases) and ends with the "kuhnian Hempel".
		Hempel is lucid and patient, although his observations are sometimes a bit superficial, especially when he frames his mind in 1st order logic and fears to go anywhere beyond.
	www.amazon.ca /exec/obidos/ASIN/0521624487 (327 words)

	920 Syllabus, Spring 2002
		Carl Hempel and Paul Oppenheim, "Studies in the Logic of Explanation," Part 1 and the beginning of Part 3; reprinted in Aspects, pp.
		Carl Hempel, "The Logic of Functional Analysis," in Aspects of Scientific Explanation, esp. pp.
		Carl Hempel, ''Deductive-Nomological vs. Statistical Explanation'', in Feigl, H and Maxwell, G (eds.), Minnesota Studies in the Philosophy of Science.
	philosophy.wisc.edu /hausman/920/Syllabus-final.htm (2743 words)

	Committee for Philosophy and the Sciences (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Construing prediction deductively, Carl G. Hempel developed this notion into influential analyses of testing, confirmation, theories, and explanation.
		In his provisos problem, Hempelhad his finger on a fundamental philosophical problem how scientific theories connect with observational or experimental results, but his basic positivistic/logical-empiricistic commitments precluded solution of the problem.
		I suggest that Hempel's early work in Germany and Belgium is crucial to interpreting Hempel's later career, that his most famous and influential work may be somewhat plodding development of his juvenilia, and that his intellectual debts to Paul Oppenheim may be underestimated.
	carnap.umd.edu /cpas/coll_fall99a1.html (272 words)

	Hempel Homework Assignment (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		What is the difference between explanation and prediction according to Hempel?.
		What is Hempel's view of explanation in the non-physical sciences (e.g., psychology, economics, sociology, linguistics, etc.)?
		Why does Hempel think that it is important to insist that fundamental lawlike sentences contain only "purely qualitative predicates"?
	cla.calpoly.edu /~fotoole/321.1/hemph.html (207 words)

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