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Topic: Carl Olof Cronstedt

	Antavlor
		Granåsen Olof Josef 1910 Kristinehamn - Svenska Antavlor 188.
		Renhorn Hans Olof (Johannes) 1809 Gärdserum - Svenska Antavlor 165.
		Widen Carl Emil Carlsson 1879 Brunneby - Svenska Antavlor 47.
	www.abc.se /~m225/litteratur/antavlor.html (5294 words)

	Carl Olof Cronstedt – Wikipedia
		Isä Johan Gabriel Cronstedt oli tykistön majuri ja äiti Hedvig Juliana Jägerhorn af Spurila.
		Ruotsin etsiessä syntipukkeja hävitylle sodalle Cronstedt ja monta muuta upseeria (mm.
		Fredrik Adolf Jägerhorn – Viapori, Carl Magnus Gripenberg – Svartholman komentaja, Hans Henrik Gripenberg – Suomessa toimivien joukkojen ylikomentaja) aiottiin tuomita kuolemaan maanpetoksesta.
	fi.wikipedia.org /wiki/Carl_Olof_Cronstedt#Viaporin_komendantti (424 words)

	Main Document - Swedish-Russian War
		Carl Olof Cronstedt, whose name has had such a bad ring to it in history, was born outside Helsinki.
		Cronstedt began a promising career in the military as a volonteer at Prince Fredrik Adolf's Regiment in 1765.
		After the surrender, Cronstedt settled in Helsinki, but was in Sweden stripped of all his military ranks and orders and was even sentenced to death, in his absence.
	www.multi.fi /~goranfri/biocronstedt.html (442 words)

	Cronstedt, Carl Olof Tietosanakirja
		Fredrik Adolf Jägerhorn - Viapori, Carl Magnus Gripenberg - Svartholman komentaja, Hans Henrik Gripenberg - Suomessa toimivien joukkojen ylikomentaja) aiottiin tuomita kuolemaan maanpetoksesta.
		Suomen sodan jälkeen Aleksanteri I:n myönsi kuten tapaan kuului myös Cronstedtille eläkkeen, mutta Cronstedt ei ikinä siirtynyt tsaarin palvelukseen.
		Carl Olof Cronstedtilla oli kolme Lasta: Carl Olof Cronstedt n.(1800-1883), Gabriel Anton Cronstedt (1798-1893), Hedvig Charlotta Cronstedt.
	tietosanakirja.org /topic/Cronstedt,_Carl_Olof.html (567 words)

	Finnish War - Spock Search
		Carl Johan Adlercreutz was a Swedish general of Finnish birth, the chief promoter of the revolution of 1808.
		Georg Carl von Döbeln was a Swedish friherre, Lieutenant General and war hero.
		Georg Carl was born at the "Stora Torpa" manor in Segerstads parish i...
	www.spock.com /q/Finnish-War (224 words)

	Carl Olof Cronstedt ( (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Carl Olof Cronstedt omisti Herttoniemen kartanon kahteen otteeseen, vuosina 1793-1799 ja 1813-1820.
		Cronstedt itse ilmoitti luovuttamisen syyksi upseeriston vähälukuisuuden, miehistön harjaantumattomuuden ja linnoituksen varustamattomuuden.
		Carl Olof Cronstedt ja hänen vaimonsa Beata Sofia Wrangel on haudattu Helsingin Pitäjänkirkon hautausmaalla sijaitsevaan hautakappeliin.
	www.hertonasgard.com /cronstedt.htm (295 words)

	Group search (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Carl Gustaf Hellqvist: Sten Sture d.y:s död på Mälarens is 1520
		Carl Larsson/Gustaf Wasas intåg i Stockholm Midsommarafton 1523
		Carl Larsson: Gustaf Wasas intåg i Stockholm Midsommarafton 1523
	www.bizkitt.se /more_c.html (66 words)

	Runeberg Suomalaisen Kirjallisuuden Seurassa
		Carl Olof Cronstedtin isä Johan Gabriel Cronstedt oli tykistön majuri ja äiti Hedvig Juliana Jägerhorn af Spurila vanhaa sotilassukua.
		Amiraali Carl Olof Cronstedtin luovutti Pohjolan vankimman linnoituksen alivoimaisen vihollisen käsiin käytännöllisesti katsoen taistelutta (piirityksen aikana linnoituksen liki 7 000 miehen varusväestä oli kaatunut kuusi ja haavoittunut 22 sotilasta), mikä oli sekä aikalaisten että jälkimaailman silmissä käsittämätön teko.
		Cronstedt lähetti sotaoikeudelle kirjelmän, jossa hän puolusteli menettelyään linnoituksen varustamattomuudella, miehistön harjaantumattomuudella, upseerien vähälukuisuudella ja ruutivaraston riittämättömyydellä.
	www.finlit.fi /tietopalvelu/runeberg/cronstedt.htm (1473 words)

	Encyklopedi :: Carl Olof Cronstedt (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Cronstedt växte upp i Gustav III:s ryska krig, och vann andra slaget vid Svensksund (1790).
		Cronstedt föll i onåd hos Gustav IV Adolf och som en följd därav utnämndes han till kommendant på fästningen Sveaborg 1801 utanför Helsingfors.
		Cronstedt övergick aldrig själv i rysk tjänst samt fortsatte att bära svenska ordnar ända till sin död på Hertonäs gård i Helsingfors 1820.
	www.encyklopedi.net /topic/Carl_Olof_Cronstedt.html (439 words)

	Var Sveaborg dömt att falla 1808
		Cronstedt thus had a considerable force at his command, a force whose numerical strength the beleaguering army was not going to surpass during the siege.
		Cronstedt could not know just how far the retreat had reached, but he certainly did know that this retreat tallied with the strategic plan that was drawn up by the Supreme Commander on the eve of the war.
		The fact that Cronstedt did not make use of most of the means that he had at his disposal seems to indicate that he was either utterly incompetent or a purposeful traitor.
	www.carlonordling.se /sveaborg/sveaborg.html (4592 words)

	Tietosanakirja :: Carl Olof Cronstedt (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Cronstedt yritti kuitenkin voittaa aikaa ja solmi venäläisten kanssa aselevon, jonka mukaan Viapori antautuisi, ellei Ruotsista tulisi apua toukokuun 3.
		Kun Cronstedtin lähettämät lähetit olivat sopimuksen vastaisesti vänäläisten toimesta viivytetty, eikä apua Ruotsista kuulunut niin Cronstedt luovutti linnoituksen sopimuksen mukuisesti ja siellä talvehtineen saaristolaivaston osaston venäläisille.
		Carl Olof Cronstedtilla oli kolme Lasta: Carl Olof Cronstedt n.(1800-1883), Gabriel Anton Cronstedt (1798-1893), Hedvig Charlotta Cronstedt.
	www.tietosanakirja.org /topic/Carl_Olof_Cronstedt.html (594 words)

	Wikinfo \| Finnish War (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Buxhoevden laid siege to Sveaborg (Suomenlinna), which surrendered on May 3 with 7,500 soldiers, 100 vessels, and more than 2,000 cannons, as the commanding officer Carl Olof Cronstedt and his council thought that resistance was futile.
		Under a new commander, Carl Johan Adlercreutz, the Swedish army counter-attacked and the Russian offensive was halted.
		Although Georg Carl von Dobeln won the Battle of Jutas for Sweden on September 13, Kamensky's 11,000-strong corps achieved more important victories at Kuortane on September 1, at Salmi on September 2, and at Oravais (Oravainen) on September 14.
	www.internet-encyclopedia.org /wiki.php?title=Finnish_War (1596 words)

	Museovirasto
		Cronstedt oli kuulunut Kustaa IV Aadolfin lähipiiriin, mutta komennus Viaporin komendantiksi oli ollut hänelle epämieluinen ja merkinnyt huomattavaa arvonalennusta.
		Cronstedt itse uskoi, että aika tulisi osoittamaan hänen tekonsa oikeaksi.
		Cronstedt kuoli eristyneenä ja halveksittuna Suomessa kaksitoista vuotta Viaporin antautumisen jälkeen.
	www.museovirasto.fi /fi/slinna_historia_taistelut (442 words)

	the Herttoniemi Manor \| How about Finland ?
		The vice-admiral Carl Olof Cronstedt, suspected of treason, died in the Manor in 1820, held in contempt to the very last days of his life.
		In the garden Cronstedt found himself consolation during the times, when he was accused of alienation of the Viapori to the Russians.
		Cronstedt has been said to be "a master of the garden art".
	howaboutfinland.com /HerttoniemiManor (458 words)

	Cederschiöld / Adelstierna / von Gavel / Cronstedt
		Carl Staffan Cedershiöld, born 19 April 1811 at Lund, drowned 17 July 1846 at Söderköping, married 28 December 1845 at Kalmar Johanna Amalia Charlotta Lembke (born 24 June 1824 at Stralsund, died 27 January 1897 at Gränna, daughter of the Preussian regimental surgeon Johan Henrik Lembke and Charlotta Christina Gothilander).
		Mårten Gavelius Cronstedt, born 1638 at Stockholm, ennobled with the surname Cronstedt, died childless 5 June 1709 at Fullerö, buried 16 June at Barkarö church, married Anna Gerdes (died 1701, buried 4 June 1701 at Barkarö church).
		Carl Gustaf Ehrenreich von Gavel, born 1 July 1829 at Randen castle, died 22 December 1867 at St. petersburg, Russia, married 30 April 1859 at Dorpat Caroline Charlotte Perret (died 28 November 1889 at Bogdanowka).
	freepages.genealogy.rootsweb.com /~corpusnobiliorum/cedersch.html (5037 words)

	Reference.com/Encyclopedia/Finnish War
		Buxhoevden laid siege to Sveaborg, which surrendered on May 3 with 6,000 soldiers, 100 vessels, and more than 700 cannons, as the commanding officer Carl Olof Cronstedt and his council thought that resistance was futile.
		Under a new commander, Carl Johan Adlercreutz, the Swedish army counter-attacked and the Russian offensive was halted.
		Although Georg Carl von Döbeln won the Battle of Jutas for Sweden on September 13, Kamensky's 11,000-strong corps achieved more important victories at Kuortane on September 1, at Salmi on September 2, and at Oravais on September 14.
	www.reference.com /browse/wiki/Finnish_War (1524 words)

	SVEABORG
		Cronstedt meddelade då ryssarna att Sveaborg skulle ge upp en månad senare om inte hjälp från Sverige hunnit fram före det. I Sverige fick man veta om hjälpbehovet för sent och i början av maj kapitulerade Sveaborg som Cronstedt hade lovat.
		Cronstedt fick en pension av den ryske kejsaren och levde ensam och hatad resten av sitt liv på Herttonäs gård i Helsingfors.
		Cronstedt a reçu une pension d'empereur russe et a vécu seul et detesté le restant de sa vie dans le manoir d'Herttonäs à Helsingfors.
	www.muh.edu.hel.fi /Sveaborg/Sveaborg_files/Sveaborg.htm (2851 words)

	Chemical Elements words: mercury to platinum, part 5 of 8.
		Cronstedt discovered that nickel, like iron but not as strongly, was attracted by a magnet.
		His results were confirmed in 1775 by Torbern Olof Bergman (1735-1784), Swedish chemist and physicist, and the name nickel soon became generally accepted.
		It was not until 1775, more than a hundred years after Brand’s discovery, that Carl Scheele published the much easier method of preparing the element from bones, which then became the chief raw material used as a source of phophorus.
	www.wordquests.info /cgi/ice2-for.cgi?file=/hsphere/local/home/scribejo/wordquests.info/htm/L-Gk-chem-elem-Pt-5.htm&HIGHLIGHT=alloys (4115 words)

	Finnish War (Site not responding. Last check: )
		The plan of the Swedish army under Johan Adam Cronstedt was to retreat into Ostrobothnia leaving only the strongly fortified Sveaborg behind.
		Under a new commander, Carl Johan Adlercreutz, the Swedish army counter-attacked and halted the Russian offensive at the Battle of Siikajoki.
		On November 19 the convention of Olkijoki was signed and the Swedish army was forced to leave Finland.
	finnish-war.iqnaut.net (327 words)

	Henry Cavendish
		Cronstedt, for instance, introduced the blowpipe into the study of minerals.
		This was a long, narrowing tube which, when blown into at the wide end, produced a concentrated jet of air at the narrow end.
		Enough knowledge was gained about minerals through new techniques such as that of the blowpipe, that Cronstedt felt justified in suggesting that minerals be classified not only according to their appearance but also according to their chemical structure.
	acd.ucar.edu /textbook/ch1/box3/Scheele.cite2.html (568 words)

	Suomenlinna - Facts, Information, and Encyclopedia Reference article
		Its commander, Carl Olof Cronstedt, negotiated a cease-fire, and when no Swedish reinforcements had arrived by May, Sveaborg, with almost 7,000 men, surrendered without a fight.
		The reasons for Cronstedt's actions remain unclear; in Finland he is still popularly considered a traitor.
		The long period of peace following the transfer of power was shattered by the Crimean War of 1854–56.
	www.startsurfing.com /encyclopedia/s/v/e/Sveaborg.html (991 words)

	GCVGD6 - A Multi-cache in Finland called Church of St Lawrence created by Team GeoMarmots
		Viaporin komentajan, amiraali Carl Olof Cronstedtin (1756-1820) ja hänen vaimonsa kreivitär Beata Sofia Wrangelin (1762-1840) vaalea rapattu hautakappeli.
		In cemetery’s part Ä there is a white stony cemetery chapel of Carl Olof Cronstedt (1756-1820) and his wife countess Beata Sofia Wrangel (1762-1840).
		Cronstedt was the hero commander of Ruotsinsalmi sea battle (1790) and the commander of
	www.geocaching.com /seek/cache_details.aspx?guid=104668b4-d727-4982-800b-3c974b8b5584 (960 words)

	Battle of Svensksund (1790) (Site not responding. Last check: )
		In 1790 an attempt to assault Vyborg failed, and the Swedish navy, caught in a trap on July 3 in the Bay of Vyborg during the Battle of Vyborg Bay, was able to escape, but with heavy losses.
		After retreating to Svensksund, the King Gustav III together with his Flag Captain Lieutenant-Colonel Carl Olof Cronstedt waited and prepared the fleet for the expected Russian attack.
		On 6 July, the final decisions were made for the defences, and early in the morning on 9 July 1790 the ordre de bataille was given and the battle started.
	www.1bx.com /en/Second_Battle_of_Svensksund.htm (805 words)

	Skalman.nu Forum :: Vem sålde ut finland?
		Carl Olof Cronstedt kapitulerade med 6 000 man och 2 000 kanoner inför 4 000 ryssar och ett hundratal kanoner utan strid.
		Hade inte generalerna och amiralerna några onda aningar om denne Cronstedt, trötta äldre officerare finns det ju gott om.
		Faktumet att Cronstedt lät sina män stå under gevär hela nätterna under belägringen som endast bestod av i början 2000 soldater mot fästningens ca 7000 man, verkade mycket uttröttande för manskapet.
	forum.skalman.nu /viewtopic.php?t=20600&start=15 (736 words)

	esinesivu (Site not responding. Last check: )
		The silver basin for washing hands and its silver jug belonged to Hedvig Charlotta Cronstedt, daughter of Carl Olof Cronstedt.
		Apparently vice-admiral Carl Olof Cronstedt was given the ring as a present, because he served as a Minister of the Navy for the king Gustavus III.
		The set comprised of five dozen teacups.The white cups are decorated with the scene of the battlemedal, where the Goddess of Victory holds a victory wreath in her hands standing beside the Swedish flag and a ship.
	www.hertonasgard.com /esineeng.htm (365 words)

	Suomen miehitysaatelin lahjonnan tunnusmerkit
		Vara-amiraali Carl Olof Cronstedt luovutti venäläisille ilman taistelua neuvottelujen jälkeen keväällä 1808 Euroopan yhden vahvimmista linnoituksista, Sveaborgin.
		Cronstedt leimattiin tekonsa takia maanpetturiksi ja lahjusten vastaanottajaksi.
		Cronstedt sai Venäjältä 4500 riksin suuruisen eläkkeen, ja vietti loppuelämänsä yksinäisenä ja halveksittuna omistamassaan Herttoniemen kartanossa.
	www.bryggare.net /atlas/sk/suku/historia/lahjonta.htm (699 words)

	Skalman.nu Forum :: Vem sålde ut finland?
		Carl Olof Cronstedt gav den 3 maj 1808, tvärt emot de honom givna order, Sveaborgs sjöfästning till de rysska trupperna.
		Efter denna händelse blev Cronstedt väldigt illa omtyckt bland både militärer och andra människor.
		Synen på Cronstedt har därför fortsatt ända in i dagens dag och finländare ser fortfarande Cronstedt som en landsförrädare.
	forum.skalman.nu /viewtopic.php?t=20600 (1061 words)

	Suomalaiset kenraalit ja amiraalit Venäjän sotavoimissa 1809–1917, Biografiakeskus, SKS (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Cronstedt ylennettiin aliluutnantiksi 4.3.1821 ja määrättiin Suomen kenraalikuvernöörin nuoremmaksi adjutantiksi 15.3.1822.
		Cronstedt ylennettiin everstiksi ja siirrettiin Pietarin jalkaväkirykmenttiin 26.1.1832, jolloin hän kuitenkin toimi Suomen kenraalikuvernöörin erikoistehtävissä.
		Kenraali Cronstedt omisti 1836 - 1838 Herttoniemen säteritilan ja 1857 alkaen Linnan kartanon Helsingissä.
	dbgw.finlit.fi /kenraalit/?id=73 (266 words)

	Fortified Places > Fortresses > Suomenlinna
		The Swedish army under Johan Cronstedt retreated to Finland's western coast, leaving the fortresses of Suomenlinna and Svartholma isolated.
		The commander of the fortress, Carl Olof Cronstedt, surrendered to the Russians with hardly a shot being fired.
		He has been much-criticised for this move, but in reality he had been abandoned by the Swedish army and did not want to risk the lives of civilians in a pointless resistance.
	www.fortified-places.com /suomenlinna.html (1621 words)

	Cossacks Heaven :: Sveaborg
		Located on seven islands outside Helsingfors, Finland (Helsinki), defended with more than 200 cannons, with a garrison of 5-10,000 men, with an internal harbour able to support the whole galley fleet and a working ship yard, it one of the the largest fortresses in Europe, considered being on the brink of impregnable.
		However, when the Russians finally came in 1808 the governor of the fortress, Count Carl Olof Cronstedt surrendered the fortress to a minor Russian force.
		In his absence, Cronstedt was accused of High treason, sentenced to death and to loose his knighthood, citizenship and honour.
	cossacks.heavengames.com /downloads/showfile.php?fileid=36 (297 words)

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