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	Biography: General Carl A. Spaatz
		In January 1944 Spaatz was named commander of the Strategic Air Force in Europe; his command included the Eighth Air Force under General James H. "Jimmy" Doolittle, based in England, and the Fifteenth Air Force under General Nathan F. Twining, based in Italy, and had responsibility for all deep bombing missions against the German homeland.
		Spaatz died in Washington, D.C., on July 14, 1974 and was interred on the grounds of the U.S. Air Force Academy.
		Carl A. Spaatz was the top American air commander of the Second World War, with both Dwight Eisenhower and Omar Bradley rating him the best combat leader in the European theater.
	www.spaatz.org /gen/spaatzbio.html (1304 words)

	Spaatz, Andrew Carl
		Carl Andrew 'Tooey' Spaatz (his surname was originally Spatz, the extra "a" was added in 1937) was born in Boyertown, Penn. on June 28, 1891.
		Spaatz was promoted to a permanent major in July 1920, and during the inter-war years he proceeded up the ranks of a peacetime Air Corps.
		Spaatz felt that the best way to neutralize any German threat to a cross channel invasion was to launch an all out strategic bombing campaign against the oil production and industrial infrastructure of the Third Reich.
	users.skynet.be /fa101291/personen/Spaatz.htm (821 words)

	Spaatz
		Carl A. Spaatz, born in Boyertown, Pa., on June 28, 1891, became the first Chief of Staff of the United States Air Force in September 1947.
		Spaatz recalled that he "enjoyed that year of service with that outfit as much as any I ever had," but 2nd Lt. Spaatz made no lasting mark on the 25th, and he was eager to start flying.
		Spaatz, one of the greatest believers in the information supplied by Ultra (the Anglo-American breaking of high-level German codes), had learned that the Luftwaffe had begun 1944 with a severe shortage of fighter pilots, and he knew that the American pilot replacement system could sustain heavy losses.
	www.afa.org /magazine/dec2000/1200spaatz.asp (3957 words)

	Maj Carl A. Spaatz (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Spaatz was accepted for aviation training, received his wings in 1916, and saw his first combat service with Pershing's Punitive Expedition in Mexico.
		Spaatz' dedication to the mission was evidenced in an incident early in the flight.
		Spaatz then turned to Eaker and instructed him not to abandon the mission under any conditions, and that if he, Spaatz, needed emergency treatment, he would bail out using a parachute.
	www.ascho.wpafb.af.mil /birthplace/SPAATZ.HTM (297 words)

	TheHistoryNet \| Aviation History \| Carl A. Spaatz: An Air Power Strategist
		General Carl Andrew Spaatz is not well known by Americans today, yet he served as the senior air commander in the European theater after the United States entered World War II and masterminded the air strategy that helped defeat the Third Reich.
		Spaatz was sent to France as a major in September 1917 and put in charge of training pursuit pilots for combat at the Air Service's largest in-theater advanced flying school, at Issoudun.
		Spaatz agreed with Mitchell's theories, helped him prepare his defense when he was accused of publicly criticizing superiors who had hindered the development of America's air power, and also testified forthrightly on Mitchell's behalf at his 1925 court-martial.
	www.historynet.com /magazines/aviation_history/3038166.html (1287 words)

	Carl Andrew Spaatz - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Carl Andrew Spatz was born on June 28, 1891, in Boyertown, Pennsylvania.
		Spaatz was given a temporary promotion to Major in June 1918, but hereverted to his permanent rank of Captain in February 1920.
		As the commander of Strategic Air Forces in Europe, Spaatz was under the command of Gen. Dwight Eisenhower and the supervision of Gen. Hap Arnold, the USAAF Chief of Staff, and he continued under Gen. Arnold's command in the Pacific.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Carl_Spaatz (1204 words)

	Carl Spaatz
		Carl Spaatz was born in the Boyertown, United States on 28th June, 1891.
		Spaatz, along with Henry Arnold and Ira Eaker, was a strong advocate of daylight bombing raids.
		In March 1945 Spaatz was promoted to a four-star general and was put in charge of the final air assault on Japan.
	www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk /2WWspaatz.htm (381 words)

	Carl Spaatz Papers (Library of Congress)
		The papers of Carl Spaatz, career army and air force officer and first chief of staff of the United States Air Force, were given to the Library of Congress by Spaatz and the air force.
		Spaatz's tenure as commanding general, Army Air Forces, and chief of staff of the United States Air Force is well documented in the Chief of Staff File.
		Spaatz retired from active duty in order to be able to advocate his views on the development of air power.
	www.loc.gov /rr/mss/text/spaatz.html (1876 words)

	Spaatz Award
		The final step a cadet must complete to earn the Spaatz Award is a rigorous four-part exam consisting of a challenging physical fitness test, an essay exam testing their moral reasoning, a comprehensive written exam on leadership, and a comprehensive written exam on aerospace education.
		The Spaatz Award is named in honor of Carl “Tooey” Spaatz, the first Chief of Staff of the United States Air Force.
		Spaatz Cadets are expected to serve as role models for junior cadets, and become leaders in their communities as they enter adulthood.
	level2.cap.gov /index.cfm?nodeID=5159 (374 words)

	Carl Spaatz
		Spaatz went to Aviation School at San Diego, California and in 1916 became one of the Army's first 26 pilots.
		Spaatz served in London from June until being sent to Algiers in December 1942, to establish the North West Africa Air Force.
		In December 1943 Spaatz was appointed commander of the USAF in Europe and was given responsibility for preparing for Operation Overlord.
	www.world-war-2.info /figures/carl-spaatz.php (438 words)

	Gen. Carl A. Spaatz (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		He was a main developer of tactical air doctrine and during World War II, Spaatz commanded the largest armada of aircraft and airmen assembled under the control of a single commander.
		In June 1916, Spaatz was assigned at Columbus, N. M., and served with the 1st Aero Squadron under Gen. John J. Pershing in the Punitive Expedition into Mexico.
		Spaatz went to France with the American Expeditionary Forces as commander of the 31st Aero Squadron.
	www.af.mil /history/spotlight.asp?storyID=123011955 (392 words)

	World Wars I and II
		Carl A. Spaatz was one of a handful of officers who nurtured American air power from its infancy, as a section of the Signal Corps, to its maturity as a separate service.
		During the crucial interwar years, Spaatz was a visionary proponent of air power as a vital element of national defense.
		Carl A. Spaatz, one of America's foremost advocates of strategic bombing, was chosen to succeed General Arnold as Commanding General of the USAAF.
	cgsc.leavenworth.army.mil /carl/resources/ftlvn/ww2.asp (5800 words)

	Carl Spaatz
		The award honors the late General Carl A. Spaatz, who became the first U.S. Air Force Chief of Staff on September 26, 1947.
		The Spaatz examination is very difficult and is earned by less than one percent of all CAP cadets who enter the program.
		the General Carl A. Spaatz Award is normally presented by an Air Force or CAP general officer, an elected state or federal official, or a cabinet level official.
	www.jrotc.org /new_page_2.htm (637 words)

	Biographies : GENERAL CARL A. SPAATZ (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		General Carl A. Spaatz was the first chief of staff of the U.S. Air Force, Washington, D.C. The general was born in 1891, in Boyertown, Pa. In 1910, he was appointed to the U.S. Military Academy.
		General Spaatz went to France with the American Expeditionary Forces in command of the 31st Aero Squadron and, after Nov. 15, 1917, served in the American Aviation School at Issoundun continuously, except for one month at the British Front, until Aug. 30, 1918.
		General Spaatz in November 1939, received a temporary promotion to colonel, and during the Battle of Britain in 1940, spent several weeks in England as a special military observer.
	www.af.mil /bios/bio.asp?bioID=7210 (1150 words)

	Gen Carl Spaatz (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Spaatz was determined to initiate and continue the operation, even if it cost two hundred bombers on the first day.
		Spaatz’s headquarters originated a competing oil plan that called first for the destruction of refineries at Ploesti, Romania—the principal source of natural oil for the Axis—and then the destruction of the synthetic oil industry.
		Spaatz possessed a good measure of the fourth necessary ingredient of a successful general—the ability to inspire trust in both superiors and subordinates.
	www.airpower.maxwell.af.mil /airchronicles/apj/apj97/win97/davis.html (3226 words)

	General Carl Spaatz signed US Army document
		Carl Spaatz was an army and air force officer.
		Spaatz served as commander of Mather Field, California, in 1920; as commander
		Spaatz died in Washington, D.C., on July 14, 1974.
	www.leisuregalleries.com /spaatz.html (650 words)

	The History Buff, Original Historical Autographs & Manucripts
		A pioneer aviator, Spaatz was a West Point graduate.
		He was a member of the First Aero Squadron assigned to General John J. Pershing during his expedition to Mexico in 1916, then the American Expeditionary Forces in command of the Thirty-First Aero Squadron.
		Though Spaatz made several controversial decisions in his leadership of the American strategic bombing campaign and argued with Eisenhower about military issues on several occasions.
	www.ehistorybuff.com /spaatz_card.html (239 words)

	essays research papers fc -- The Way and Life of General Carl A. Spaatz
		General Spaatz possessed perseverance, leadership attributes and military knowledge; all factors leading him becoming a substantial proponent of a separate Air Force.
		Spaatz legacy continues to live on; his leadership skills continue to influence people today as General Spaatz is still able to impact air power in the 21st century.
		Spaatz’s perseverance, leadership attributes and military knowledge would lead him to be a proponent of a separate Air Force were all being shaped, tweaked and instilled up...
	www.123helpme.com /preview.asp?id=93355 (1697 words)

	Spaatz, Carl (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Mets, David R. A Glider in the Propwash of the Royal Air Force?: General Carl A. Spaatz, the RAF, and the Foundations of American Tactical Air Doctrine.
		Davis, Richard G. Carl A. Spaatz and the Development of the Royal Air Force-U.S. Army Air Corps Relationship, 1939-1940.
		Spaatz, Carl A. Air Power in the Atomic Age.
	www.au.af.mil /au/aul/bibs/great/spaatz.htm (590 words)

	Airlift/Tanker Association
		Born June 28, 1891 in Boyertown, Pennsylvania, Carl Andrew Spaatz (originally Spatz - he added an “a” in 1937) graduated from the U.S. Military Academy at West Point, New York, in 1914 and was commissioned in the infantry.
		During January 1-7, 1929, Spaatz and Captain Ira C. Eaker, along with Sgt. Roy Hooe and others, established a flight endurance record of 150 hours, 40 minutes, in a Fokker aircraft, the Question Mark, over Los Angeles.
		He served subsequently as chairman of the Civil Air Patrol and for a time contributed a column to Newsweek magazine.
	www.atalink.org /hallfame/spaatz.html (622 words)

	Carl T. Spaatz
		Curry was a member of this graduating class and may be seen in the top row, first on the left.
		General Carl Spaatz, first Chief of Staff of the U.S. Air Force died July 14, 1974 of congestive heart failure at Walter Reed Medical Center.
		General Spaatz was born in Boyertown, Pennsylvania, was graduated from West Point in 1914 as an infantry officer.
	www.earlyaviators.com /espaatz.htm (431 words)

	Aeronautics - Carl Spaatz
		Born on June 28, 1891, in Boyertown, Pennsylvania, Spaatz (originally Spatz - he added an “a” in 1937) graduated from West point in 1914 and was commissioned in the infantry.
		During January 1-7, 1929, Spaatz and Capt. Ira C. Eaker established a flight endurance record of 150 hours, 40 minutes, in a Fokker aircraft, the Question Mark, over Los Angeles.
		In January 1944 Spaatz was named commander of the Strategic Air Force in Europe; his command included the Eighth Air Force under Gen. James H. Doolittle, based in England, and the Fifteenth Air Force under Gen. Nathan F. Twinning, based in Italy, and had responsibility for all deep bombing missions against the German homeland.
	www.allstar.fiu.edu /aerojava/spaatz.htm (718 words)

	CARL SPAATZ (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Davis, Richard G. Carl A. Spaatz and the Air War in Europe.
		Report of (General Carl Spaatz) the Chief of Staff, United States Air Force, to the Secretary of the Air Force, 30 June 1948.
		Mets, David R. Technology, Thought, Troops: General Carl A. Spaatz and the Dawn of the Nuclear Age.
	www.au.af.mil /au/aul/school/ots/spaatz.htm (661 words)

	Air Power:The United States Air Force
		Henry "Hap" Arnold and Carl Spaatz, saw the lack of public, congressional, and military support that Mitchell received and decided that America was not ready for an independent air force.
		Truman signed the bill while on the presidential airplane, a C-54 named Sacred Cow, and on September 18, 1947, Stuart Symington was sworn in as the first secretary of the air force.
		Carl A. Spaatz became the first chief of staff.
	www.centennialofflight.gov /essay/Air_Power/Air_Force/AP33.htm (1671 words)

	CadetStuff::News & Events::Spaatz Association Salutes Cadet Program
		Carl Andrew Spaatz Thomas - grandson of Gen. Carl A. Spaatz -- shared reminisces of the General about his views and practice of motivational leadership.
		C/Colonel Jeremy Lamonte of Texas Wing received his General Carl A. Spaatz Award in a star-studded presentation by Maj Gen Dwight Wheless, CAP National Commander; Brig Gen. Tony Pineda, CAP Vice Commander and Brig.
		The Spaatz Association is a non-profit organization of past and present Civil Air Patrol Cadets who have earned the CAP Cadet Program's highest award, the General Carl A. Spaatz Award.
	www.cadetstuff.org /archives/000372.html (807 words)

	Ira Eaker
		In 1929 Eaker and his co-pilot Carl Spaatz, set a new endurance record after flying more than 150 hours aloft.
		Eaker, along with Henry Arnold and Carl Spaatz, was a strong advocate of daylight bombing raids.
		He helped Carl Spaatz plan Operation Overlord before becoming head of the Mediterranean Allied Air Forces.
	www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk /2WWeaker.htm (290 words)

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