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	Carl Wilhelm Scheele - FreeEncyclopedia
		Carl (or Karl) Wilhelm Scheele, (December 9, 1742 - May 21, 1786) Swedish chemist, born in Stralsund, Pomerania, Germany, was the discoverer of many chemical substances, most notably discovering oxygen before Joseph Priestley.
		Scheele worked as a pharmacist in Stockholm, from 1770-1775 in Uppsala, and later in Köping.
		Scheele also discovered other chemical elements like chlorine (1774), manganese (1774), molybdenum (1778), tungsten (1781), and barium, as well as several molecules like glycerol, hydrogen cyanide (aka prussic acid), citric acid, hydrogen sulphide, and hydrogen fluoride[?].
	www.freeencyclopedia.co.za /ka/Karl_Wilhelm_Scheele.html (162 words)

	Wikipedia: Carl Wilhelm Scheele
		Carl (or Karl) Wilhelm Scheele, (December 9,1742 - May 21, 1786) a Swedish chemist, born in Stralsund, Pomerania, Germany, was the discoverer of many chemical substances, most notably discovering oxygen before Joseph Priestley.
		Scheele worked as a pharmacist in Stockholm, from 1770 to 1775 in Uppsala, and later in Köping.
		Scheele also discovered other chemical elements such as barium (1774), chlorine (1774), manganese (1774), molybdenum (1778), and tungsten (1781), as well as several chemical compounds, including citric acid, glycerol, hydrogen cyanide (also known as prussic acid), hydrogen fluoride, and hydrogen sulphide.
	www.factbook.org /wikipedia/en/c/ca/carl_wilhelm_scheele.html (191 words)

	Scheele, Carl Wilhelm
		At the age of fourteen Scheele was apprenticed to an apothecary in Gothenburg and later in Malmö where he started to conduct chemical experiments.
		Scheele published his studies mostly in the proceedings of the Royal Academy of Sciences in Stockholm which called the self-made scientist to be its full member.
		Due to the significant achievements in inorganic chemistry, Scheele's accomplishments in organic chemistry are often overlooked.
	www.euchems.org /Distinguished/18thCentury/scheele.asp (238 words)

	Carl Wilhelm Scheele
		Scheele left Stockholm in 1770 and took up his residence at Uppsala, where through the agency of Johann Gottlieb Gahn (1745-1818), assessor of mines at Fahlun, he made the personal acquaintance of Bergman.
		Scheele's power as an experimental investigator has seldom if ever been surpassed, and his accuracy is most remarkable when his primitive apparatus, his want of assistance, his place of residence, and the undeveloped state of chemical and physical science in his time, are all taken into account.
		The analysis of manganese dioxide in 1774 led him to the discovery of chlorine and baryta; to the description of various salts of manganese itself, including the manganates and permanganates, and to the explanation of its action in coloring and decolorizing glass.
	www.nndb.com /people/492/000095207 (994 words)

	MSN Encarta - Search Results - Scheele Carl Wilhelm
		Scheele, Carl Wilhelm (1742-1786), Swedish chemist, who is noted for his discovery of a great number of elements, compounds, and chemical reactions.
		Manganese was first distinguished as an element in 1774 by the Swedish chemist Carl Wilhelm Scheele and isolated in the same year by Johan Gottlieb...
		Chlorine was first isolated in 1774 by the Swedish chemist Carl Wilhelm Scheele, who thought that the gas was a compound; it was not until 1810 that...
	uk.encarta.msn.com /Scheele_Carl_Wilhelm.html (164 words)

	SCHEELE, CARL WILHELM (1742 - 1786) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Scheele's treatise contains accounts of the numerous chemical experiments Scheele performed to demonstrate that common air, when freed from "aerial acid" (carbon dioxide) and water vapor, consists of two gases: "fire air" (oxygen) which supports combustion, and "foul air" (nitrogen), which does not.
		Like Priestley, Scheele was an adherent of the phlogiston theory, and he accounted for oxygen's combustibility by describing it as peculiarly attractive to phlogiston.
		Scheele made numerous other important contributions to chemistry, including the discoveries of chlorine, manganese, and a number of acids.
	www.scs.uiuc.edu /~mainzv/exhibit/scheele.htm (262 words)

	Carl Wilhelm Scheele - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Carl Wilhelm Scheele, (December 9, 1742 - May 21, 1786) a Swedish chemist, born in Stralsund, Pomerania, Germany (back then a Swedish province), was the discoverer of many chemical substances, most notably discovering oxygen before Joseph Priestley.
		In his book, he also distinguished heat transfer by thermal radiation from that by convection or conduction.
		Scheele also discovered other chemical elements such as barium (1774), chlorine (1774), manganese (1774), molybdenum (1778), and tungsten (1781), as well as several chemical compounds, including citric acid, glycerol, hydrogen cyanide (also known, in aqueous solution, as prussic acid), hydrogen fluoride, and hydrogen sulfide.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Carl_Wilhelm_Scheele (287 words)

	[No title]
		In 1768, Scheele relocated again to a position (again, in a pharmacy, which he always recognized as his primary job) in Stockholm, where, in 1770, he and Anders Retzius would isolate and purify tartaric acid from cream of tartar.
		It would be the foil of Scheele that all of the discoveries he first made were published by someone else before he had submitted any proof of his priority.
		On February 4, 1775, Scheele was recognized as the first pharamacy student in history to be inducted as a member into the Swedish Royal Academy of Sciences.
	www.quintopia.net /scheele1.doc (794 words)

	Encyclopedia: Carl Wilhelm Scheele (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		As an exemplar of the tradition of empirical chemistry upon which Lavoisier built we can consider the Swede Carl Wilhelm Scheele, who refused numerous offers of university professorships in order to continue his chemical research undisturbed in conjunction with his practical occupation as an apothecary in Stockholm, Uppsala, and Köping.
		Scheele holds a record for discovering seven natural elements (N, O, Cl, Mn, Mo, Ba, W), but he had to share credit in every case because his results were not published quickly enough to obtain undisputed priority.
		Just as remarkably the individual in the portrait is not Carl Wilhelm Scheele, whom the stamp commemorates, but his nephew.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Carl-Wilhelm-Scheele (1224 words)

	Carl Scheele (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Carl Scheele was born December 9, 1742, one of eleven children.
		Scheele was isolated from much scientific literature although he did communicate with Lavoisier who sent him a copy of his early book.
		Scheele's book, Chemical Treatise on Air and Fire, was not published until 1777, by which time European scientists were aware of Priestley's discovery of the same gas (dephlogisticated air) in 1774.
	mattson.creighton.edu /History_Gas_Chemistry/Scheele.html (777 words)

	San Diego Playbill - Local Reviews
		Carl Scheele (Jeff Anthony Miller) and his companion, confidant, and comforter, Sara Pohl (Jennifer Austin), both play the part of the victimized underdogs very well, certainly gaining the sympathy votes from the audience.
		Scheele's failed attempt to publish his findings and the "lost" letter sent to Lavoisier have resulted in his losing distinction for his discovery.
		With Scheele being the first to discover oxygen, and Lavoisier being the first to demonstrate its value and stealing all the credit, the fact that Priestly published the discovery in between Scheele's and Lavoisier's work seems a rather pale accomplishment in comparison.
	www.sandiegoplaybill.com /reviews_oxygen.html (800 words)

	Carl Wilhelm Scheele (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Carl (or Karl) Wilhelm Scheele (December 9 1742 - May 21 1786) a Swedish chemist born in Stralsund Pomerania Germany was the discoverer of many chemical most notably discovering oxygen before Joseph Priestley.
		His studies led him to the of oxygen and nitrogen in 1772 - 1773 which he published in his only Chemische Abhandlung von der Luft und dem (Chemical Treatise on Air and Fire) in 1777 losing some fame to Joseph Priestley who independently discovered oxygen in 1774.
		Scheele also discovered other chemical elements such barium (1774) chlorine (1774) manganese (1774) molybdenum (1778) and tungsten (1781) as well as several chemical compounds citric acid glycerol hydrogen cyanide (also known as prussic acid) hydrogen and hydrogen sulfide.
	www.freeglossary.com /Karl_Scheele (335 words)

	Carl Wilhelm Scheele -- Encyclopædia Britannica
		It was recognized as an element (1774) by the Swedish chemist Carl Wilhelm Scheele while working with the mineral pyrolusite and was isolated the same year by his associate, Johan Gottlieb Gahn.
		Although its existence was first suspected in 1781 by Swedish chemists Carl Wilhelm Scheele and Torbern...
		For his best-known accomplishment—the discovery of oxygen—he must share the credit with the Swedish chemist Carl Wilhelm Scheele, who is believed to have made the same discovery somewhat earlier.
	www.britannica.com /eb/article-9066095?&query=scheele (826 words)

	Scheele (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		He used the means available, including taste, and it is thought that poisoning by heavy metals (he also discovered hydrogen cyanide) may have contributed to his health problems and to his death at the age of 44.
		One of his creations was the green pigment copper arsenite, which as "Scheele's green" became a popular coloring for confections, until it was discovered half a century later to be poisonous.
		The 1942 Swedish stamp commemorating the bicentennial of Scheele's birth was, appropriatedly enough, green.
	www.chem.yale.edu /~chem125/125/history99/2Pre1800/Scheele/Scheele.html (582 words)

	Pool & Spa News: A `taste' for discovery: eighteenth century chemist Carl Wilhelm Scheele discovered chlorine, but ...
		Scheele reportedly tasted the chemicals he discovered, and was the first person to stumble upon chlorine, one of the most useful, effective and economical germ-killers known today.
		Scheele was elected to membership into the Royal Academy of Sciences in 1775 and during the ceremony, the king of Sweden appeared to honor him.
		Scheele, aware of his poor health, referred to his cause of illness as "the trouble of all apothecaries."
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_m0NTB/is_22_41/ai_94225917 (486 words)

	Cl-history (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Prepared by Carl Wilhelm Scheele in 1774; shown to be an element by Sir Humphry Davy in 1810
		Scheele first produced the gas and had no idea what it was and passed away before knowing that he was the first to discover the existence of a new element.
		During the late 1700's Carl Wilhelm Scheele moved to Sweeden to complete his study of the mineral pyrolusite the principle ore for producing manganese metal (contains no chlorine).
	www.doane.edu /Dept_Pages/new_SCIENCE/CHEM/His/Cl.html (213 words)

	Carl Wilhelm Scheele ett minnesblad på hundrade årsdagen af hans död by Cleve - Project Gutenberg
		Carl Wilhelm Scheele ett minnesblad på hundrade årsdagen af hans död by Cleve - Project Gutenberg
		Carl Wilhelm Scheele ett minnesblad på hundrade årsdagen af hans död by Cleve
		Carl Wilhelm Scheele ett minnesblad på hundrade årsdagen af hans död
	www.gutenberg.org /etext/14144 (160 words)

	Carl Wilhelm Scheele Biography / Biography of Carl Wilhelm Scheele History of Scientific Discovery Biography
		Scheele's fame has been eclipsed by other chemists who made the same discoveries just a little earlier or who followed through on their experiments more thoroughly.
		Still, Scheele, who began training at age fourteen to be an apothecary has been recognized by Isaac Asimov as the greatest pharmacist in history.
		Scheele was born and raised in the town of Stralsund in Swedish-controlled Pomerania.
	www.bookrags.com /biography-carl-wilhelm-scheele-wsd (273 words)

	Chlorine: A Multi-tasking Molecule (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Carl Wilhelm Scheele, a German chemist, first produced chlorine gas in 1774 when he placed a few drops of hydrochloric acid (HCl, at that time called "marine acid") on manganese dioxide (MnO
		He speculated that the pyrolusite had removed phlogiston, a substance without color, odor, taste or weight thought to be in all flammable materials, from the acid.
		It was not until 1810 that the British Sir Humphry Davy proved the gas in Scheele's experiment was a distinct element.
	www.science-education.org /classroom_activities/chlorine_compound/chlorine.html (1011 words)

	Walther, Carl Ferdinand Wilhelm -- Britannica Student Encyclopedia
		After World War I, Bothe was a professor at the University of Berlin from 1920 to 1931, a professor at Giessen University from 1931 to 1934, and researcher and administrator at the Max Planck Institute from 1934 to...
		One of Sweden's greatest sculptors, Carl Milles greatly influenced the course of German expressionist and U.S. sculpture during the first half of the 20th century.
		Perhaps the major German Romantic conductor of the 20th century, Wilhelm Furtwängler is remembered primarily for his long association with the Berlin Philharmonic Orchestra, which lasted, except for two brief interludes, from 1922 until his death.
	www.britannica.com /ebi/article-9314066 (691 words)

	History of the Origin of the Chemical Elements and Their Discoverers (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		It was discovered by the Swedish pharmacist and chemist Carl Wilhelm Scheele in 1774 and it was first isolated by the British chemist Humphry Davy in 1808.
		It was isolated in 1855 by the German chemist Robert Wilhelm Bunsen and Augustus Matthiessen.
		Scheele's "Chemical Treatise on Air and Fire" was delayed in publication until 1777, so Priestly is credited with the discovery, since he published first.
	www.nndc.bnl.gov /content/elements.html (11235 words)

	Amazon.com: Oxygen: Books: Carl Djerassi,Roald Hoffmann (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		The problem is this-we now know that Scheele first discovered oxygen around 1771-2; Priestley discovered it totally independently in 1774, disclosed his discovery to Lavoisier during a visit to Paris in that year and published first.
		Scheele is assigned to Sune Kallstenius, comfortable in the German language frequently employed by Scheele.
		There are thrilling scenes here: Lavoisier performing Scheele's generation of "fire-air" under the latter's supervision; Antoine confiding his intuition about Scheele to Marie ("I trust him"); Joseph to Mary about Scheele ("I trust him"); Carl Wilhelm to Fru Pohl on Lavoisier ("I do not trust him").
	www.amazon.com /exec/obidos/tg/detail/-/3527304134?v=glance (2047 words)

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