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	National Gallery of Art - Carleton Watkins: The Art of Perception
		Carleton Watkins (1829-1916), the creator of the striking photographs of the remote Yosemite Valley that so inspired the New York Times critic, had moved to California around 1851 from the small New York town of Oneonta.
		With this instrument, Watkins was able to capture the enormous scale of the vast landcapes of the American West as well as intricate details.
		For the rest of his life, Watkins was plagued by economic hardship; in 1895 he lived with his wife and children for several months in an abandoned railroad boxcar.
	www.nga.gov /exhibitions/watkinsbro.htm (1115 words)

	The Digital Mirror - Photographs - Carleton E Watkins (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		Carleton E. Watkins was born in New York in 1829, and moved to San Francisco around the beginning of the Gold Rush in 1851/2.
		Carleton Watkins' photographs were shown at popular international displays, such as the Paris International Exposition of 1867, where he won a medal for landscape photography.
		Watkins died in the mental hospital in 1916 and was buried in an unmarked grave in its grounds.
	www.llgc.org.uk /drych/drych_s016.htm (1635 words)

	Kern County Library - Carleton Watkins Photography Collection (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		Carleton Watkins was born in 1829 in the small upstate New York town of Oneonta.
		Watkins had arrived in Kern County in June of 1888 and he would spend two hot months photographing not only landscapes and ranch scenes for Haggin, but also the homes and gardens of various Kern County residents as well as buildings in the downtown area of Bakersfield such as the Southern Hotel.
		Carleton Watkins died in Napa State Hospital at the age of eighty-seven on June 23, 1916.
	www.kerncountylibrary.org /beale_spcol_photo.html (784 words)

	Welcome to Carleton Watkins
		Carleton Watkins was born in Oneonta, New York on November 11, 1829, the eldest of eight children.
		Watkins began working for Vance (probably in Vance's Marysville gallery) and it was here that he learned the photographic techniques and processes that he would perfect during his career.
		Watkins numbered his stereoviews starting first with the Yosemite series (Mendocino views were initially numbered as a separate series and were later renumbered as part of the general numbering scheme).
	www.carletonwatkins.org /about_watkins.htm (1112 words)

	SFMOMA \| Exhibitions \| Carleton Watkins (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		Watkins' prints are impressive in size: many were made using a specially constructed camera yielding negatives that measured eighteen by twenty inches.
		From the beginning, Watkins was struck by the immensity of the California landscape, and he took as his artistic goal the rendering of Western space and scale.
		With increased competition and the economic crash of the mid-1870s, however, the tide of Watkins' financial fortunes turned, and by the 1890s he was reduced to a poverty that had him living in a railroad boxcar.
	www.sfmoma.org /exhibitions/exhib_detail/99_exhib_carleton_watkins.html (523 words)

	Jennifer Johnson: Case Study 4, Collection Description (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		Carleton E. Watkins was born in Oneonta, Oswego county, New York, on November 11, 1829.
		Watkins was in the process of negotiating with Stanford University for the sale of his plates, photographs, etc. when the 1906 earthquake struck San Francisco.
		Watkins was led by his son to the home of his old friend, C. Turrill, who had assisted Watkins financially in the past.
	www.wam.umd.edu /~jjohns20/collection.html (1437 words)

	Fraenkel Gallery: Exhibitions: Watkins (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		Carleton Watkins is generally viewed as the most important American photographer of the nineteenth century.
		Watkins often hauled his cameras, tripods, darktents, glass plates and chemicals through difficult terrain and into treacherous situations, making exposures up to one hour long.
		What resulted were photographs of consummate craftsmanship that illuminated Watkins' passion for his subject and the particular intelligence he brought to it.
	www.fraenkelgallery.com /exhibitions/e_watkins.html (251 words)

	DAILY BRUIN ONLINE - Best general view of Watkins now at Getty (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		When photographer Carleton Watkins made his first journey toYosemite Valley in 1861, California was still a great frontier and the majority of people had never seen the austere beauty of Yosemite.
		Watkins' widely seen photographs were so influential that the park's first mountain named after a living person was named after him.
		Watkins set enormous precedents in photography - his experimentation with angles, new technology and his quest for the best view make his images seem modern even though they were shot more than 100 years ago.
	www.dailybruin.ucla.edu /db/issues/00/02.22/ae.watkins.html (760 words)

	Phoebe A. Hearst Museum of Anthropology
		Carleton E. Watkins (1829-1916), while neglected after his death, has recently been rediscovered as one of the finest photographers of 19th century America.
		Seriously unbalanced, Watkins was committed to the Napa State Hospital for the Insane in 1910, where he died.
		Her 140 Watkins pictures in the Hearst Museum form the core of a collection of about 400 photographs that she donated in 1904 (including those of O'Sullivan, Jackson, Hillers, and Beato).
	hearstmuseum.berkeley.edu /exhibitions/photo/watkins.html (307 words)

	Carleton Watkins Encyclopedia Article, Definition, History, Biography (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		Carleton Emmons Watkins was born in Oneonta, upstate New York.
		Watkins began anew with his "New Series," which included a variety of subjects and formats, mostly related to California.
		In 1910 Watkins was committed to the Napa State Hospital for the Insane, where he died 6 years later.
	www.artquilt.com /encyclopedia/Carleton_Watkins (562 words)

	thedailystar.com - Comment (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		Carleton Emmons Watkins was born in Oneonta in November 1829, the son of John and Julia Watkins.
		From "Carleton Watkins—The Art of Perception" by Douglas Nickel, Maria Morris Hambourg writes in the introduction how Watkins, at age 4, was highly intrigued by an aurora borealis and a November night sky of meteors and shooting stars over Oneonta.
		Watkins died in 1916 and is buried in an unmarked grave on the hospital grounds.
	www.thedailystar.com /opinion/columns/1999/09/27/colmark.html (634 words)

	Carleton Watkins: An 1888 Kern County Portfolio
		Carleton Watkins, identified by the local newspaper as "the eminent photographer of San Francisco," worked in the relative coolness of a July morning in 1888--by afternoon temperatures would soar well over 100 degrees--while in front of him a crew cast long shadows across an expanse of alfalfa.
		Carleton Watkins was indeed "eminent" by 1888, and had been since his 1861 landscapes of Yosemite made him one of the West's best known photographers.
		Watkins not only took photographs of his friend's Kern River dam and various irrigation channels employing a huge 14 x 21 inch camera--but he also found himself on the witness-stand enduring a hostile cross-examination.
	www.sjphoto.com /watkins.html (646 words)

	Carleton Watkins
		Carleton E. Watkins - 19th Century California Photographer He became famous for his series of photographs and historic stereoviews of Yosemite Valley in the 1860s, and also created a variety images of California and Oregon in the 1870s and later.
		Watkins purchased the 1860's Central Pacific Railroad construction stereoview negatives from CPRR official photographer Alfred A. Hart and continued their publication through the 1870's.
		Following a business setback resulting in his photographs being published without credit by the new owner, Watkins began anew with his "new series." The 1906 San Francisco earthquake and fire destroyed Watkin's studio and negatives.
	www.sciencedaily.com /encyclopedia/carleton_watkins (181 words)

	Carelton Watkins vintage photographs for sale
		Watkins won many medals over the years and he was especially known for his mammoth-plate landscape views of Yosemite Valley and Mariposa Grove.
		Carleton E. Watkins: Photographer of the American West., Peter Palmquist & Martha A. Sandweis, 1983.
		Carleton E. Watkins: Photographs of the Columbia River and Oregon.
	www.leegallery.com /watkins.html (477 words)

	Carleton Watkins: The Art of Perception
		Watkins' prints were impressive in size -- many were made using a specially constructed camera yielding negatives that measured 18 by 20 inches -- and displayed in ornate wooden frames, giving them the physical presence of a painting in an era when most photographs were small and confined to albums.
		With increased competition and the economic crash of the mid 1870s, however, the tide of Watkins' financial fortunes turned, and by the 1890s he was reduced to a poverty that had him living in a railroad boxcar.
		Watkins' photographs served as visual proof for the veracity of the claims, with statistical measurements of these natural wonders often accompanying the images.
	www.tfaoi.com /newsm1/n1m599.htm (1478 words)

	Carleton E. Watkins (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		Watkins was born in 1829 in the small upstate New York town of Oneonta.
		In 1854 Watkins, having moved to San Francisco, was hired by photographer R. Vance to operate one of his galleries.
		He soon established his own business making photographs for land dispute cases and mining interests and by 1861 Watkins was working for himself as a landscape photographer.
	www.stormpages.com /paulrube/publishers/watkins.html (792 words)

	[ burburinho - carleton watkins ] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		Watkins fazia questão de carregar tudo o que pudesse ser útil em seu trabalho fotográfico (quando, em 1870, foi convidado a substituir Tim O'Sullivan como fotógrafo oficial do montanhista Clarence King, levou três vezes mais equipamento que qualquer outro fotógrafo).
		Carleton Watkins produzia inicialmente fotos no formato de 18x12 polegadas, com uma câmara feita de encomenda para ele.
		Carleton Watkins morreu em 1916, aos 87 anos de idade, deixando um trabalho que serviria de exemplo e inspiração por muitas décadas.
	www.burburinho.com /20031109.html (460 words)

	Carleton Watkins: The Art of Perception
		Watkins took to the work and soon opened his own studio, manufacturing outdoor photographs for land-dispute cases and mining companies.
		Watkins was, in Nickle’s phrase, a "proto-Modernist," a man who brought to his art an energy and perception that were inflected by the technological advances of his age.
		Watkins was a lousy businessman, and what he could not do to hurt himself, Fate did for him with Sophoclean gusto.
	www.culturevulture.net /ArtandArch/Watkins.htm (851 words)

	Carleton Watkins by Doug Nickel : Book (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		Victorian landscape photographer Carleton Watkins (1829-1916) described his lifelong project in simple terms: to find "the best spot with the best view." However, this self-trained but precocious man, who seemed to delight in giving away much of the work he produced, is now considered one of the most gifted American photographers of the 19th century.
		Carleton Watkins: The Art of Perception is a companion volume to the first large-scale exhibition to look at this photographer's work from a critical, art-historical perspective.
		Accompanying the photographs are compelling and informative essays by Douglas Nickel, associate curator of photography at SFMOMA, and Maria Morris Hambourg, curator in charge of the Department of Photographs at the Met, as well as Peter E. Palmquist's notes on the plates, a list of selected references, and a chronology.
	www.crimsonbird.com /cgi-bin/a.cgi?j=0810941023 (471 words)

	Watkins, Carleton Eugene on Encyclopedia.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		Oneonta, N.Y. Watkins created images that helped define the American West for his contemporaries and that continue to resonate with a modern audience.
		Employing a huge, custom-built camera and a stereoscopic camera, he photographed Yosemite for the U.S. Geological Survey (1866-71), pictorially traced the new routes of the Central and Southern Pacific RRs, and made photos of the Columbia River and other often remote locations in the West.
		Watkins published several portfolios in the 1860s and 70s and operated a gallery devoted to his work.
	www.encyclopedia.com /html/W/WatkinsC1.asp (412 words)

	Oregon History ProjectOregon Biographies Carleton Watkins (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		Watkins could have used the money during his lifetime from 1829 to 1916.
		Watkins learned photography quickly and a few years later moved back to San Francisco and opened his own gallery.
		In 1910 Carleton Watkins was committed to the Napa Hospital for the Insane where he died in 1916.
	www.ohs.org /education/oregonhistory/Oregon-Biographies-Carleton-Watkins.cfm (534 words)

	Carleton E. Watkins
		When the earthquake struck, some of Watkins' works were at Turrill's home, but the greater portion were at Watkins' Market Street studio, which was completely destroyed by the fire.
		Born in 1829, Watkins' career spanned more than fifty years, and his travels covered thousands of miles: from British Columbia in the north to the Mexican border on the south; westward to the Farallon Islands off San Francisco and eastward as far as Yellowstone.
		The radical way Watkins viewed the landscape derives in part from his lifelong association with the railroad; the towns and industries that arose in the West along its right-of-way became a persistent subject in his later career.
	www.cprr.org /Museum/Stereo_World/Watkins (1921 words)

	Carleton E. Watkins: The Town on the Hill, New Almaden (1989.1083) \| Object Page \| Timeline of Art History \| The ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		Watkins' clients hoped to use his photographs to convince potential investors of the promise of the New Almaden site, the region's first mining operation, established in 1845.
		To this end, Watkins made numerous stereographic views documenting minute details of the mining process, as well as mammoth views that were meant to show the town to its best possible advantage.
		Capitalizing on the calm of the hazy early morning and a picturesque vantage point, Watkins portrayed the mining camp as a charming mountain village possessing an appealing tidiness and an air of perfect tranquility.
	www.metmuseum.org /TOAH/hd/phws/hod_1989.1083.htm (235 words)

	City Gallery - Carleton E. Watkins
		Watkins can be counted among the ranks of photographers exploring the visual landscape of the American West.
		Carleton Watkins was a Victorian landscape photographer who managed to achieve a balance between competing desires for artistic merit, a profitable business and social acknowledgement in his work.
		Biographical details: Carleton Emmons Watkins (1829-1916) was a pioneer California photographer, most well known for his photographs of Yosemite.
	www.city-gallery.com /learning/bio/watkins.php (559 words)

	Carleton E. Watkins: Cape Horn near Celilo (L.1995.2.159) \| Object Page \| Timeline of Art History \| The Metropolitan ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		When Watkins traveled up the Columbia River, he photographed both the natural and manmade landmarks—the rocky outcrops and cascades, and the small towns, mills, and docks along the way.
		One hundred miles upstream from Portland, Celilo was the farthest reach of Watkins' travels during the four-month excursion.
		But in the absence of confirming data, one might instead interpret the picture as a visual metaphor for Manifest Destiny, the belief that the United States was destined to span the continent with its sovereignty.
	www.metmuseum.org /TOAH/hd/phws/hod_L.1995.2.159.htm (183 words)

	Amazon.com: Carleton Watkins: Books (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		Carleton Watkins's fifty-some year career has left him recognition as one the greatest American photographers of the nineteenth century.
		Without saying Watkins was ahead of his time because of the sophisticating and arresting images he produced with a camera, it can be said that few, if any, of his contemporaries could rival his work.
		Carleton Watkins is an overlooked figure in the history of American photography--Artistically we could not have wanted for more in someone recording the "wilds" of the West.
	www.amazon.com /exec/obidos/tg/detail/-/0810941023?v=glance (1335 words)

	George Eastman House Carleton E. Watkins Series
		Watkins, Carleton E. From the foot of the upper fall of the Yosemite
		Watkins, Carleton E. "Inverted in the tide stand the grey rocks"
		Watkins, Carleton E. Thurston standing in front of the base of the Grizzly Giant
	www.geh.org /ne/mismi4/watkins_idx00001.html (121 words)

	Watkins Exhibition (Getty Press Release)
		Carleton Watkins: From Where the View Looked Best, an exhibition at the J. Paul Getty Museum from February 15 to June 4, 2000, will examine Watkins’ daring composition in photographs of landscapes, cities, and commercial enterprises in California, Oregon, Nevada, and Arizona from the 1860s through the 1880s.
		Watkins’ photographs were instrumental in having the region declared a national preserve by Abraham Lincoln in 1864.
		As the archetypal American expeditionary photographer, Watkins was prepared to travel constantly and resourcefully transported his very large camera, sheets of glass and photographic chemicals into places sometimes accessible only by foot or on horseback.
	www.getty.edu /news/press/exhibit/watkins.html (1382 words)

	KGET TV 17 - In the Spirit of the Golden Empire - Carleton Watkins (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		Watkins was 22 when he came to California and eventually got a job with a photographer.
		Watkins, as well as Yosemite, became famous because of his photographs.
		In the summer of 1888 after the water suit was settled Kern County Land Company hired Watkins again to take shots of farms, ranches and dairies for brochures they sent around the world to potential land buyers.
	www.kget.com /talesofthegoldenempire/story.aspx?content_id=86ECB1D1-0639-4D86-8E69-53706FDFA52D (301 words)

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