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	Reference.com/Encyclopedia/Carlos Chagas
		Chagas’ work is unique in the history of medicine, because he was the only researcher so far to describe completely a new infectious disease: its pathogen, vector (Triatominae), host, clinical manifestations and epidemiology.
		Chagas was the son of José Justiniano das Chagas, a coffee farmer from Minas Gerais, and Mariana Cândida Chagas.
		Chagas suspected that the parasite could cause human disease, due to the prevalence of the insect vector in human households and its habit of biting people, so he took blood samples and, in April 23, 1909, discovered for the first time the same Trypanosoma parasite in the blood of a three year-old girl.
	www.reference.com /browse/wiki/Carlos_Chagas (1105 words)

	Carlos Chagas - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Carlos Justiniano Ribeiro Chagas (born July 9, 1879, Oliveira, Minas Gerais, Brazil; died November 8, 1934, Rio de Janeiro), was a Brazilian physician.
		Chagas was the son of José Justiniano das Chagas, a coffee farmer from Minas Gerais, and Mariana Cândida Chagas.
		Chagas suspected that the parasite could cause human disease, due to the prevalence of the insect vector in human households and its habit of biting people, so he took blood samples and, in April 23, 1909, discovered for the first time the same Trypanosoma parasite in the blood of a three year-old girl.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Carlos_Chagas (905 words)

	Chagas disease - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The disease was named after the Brazilian physician and infectologist Carlos Chagas, who first described it in 1909, but the disease was not seen as a major public health problem in humans until the 1960s.
		Chagas named the pathogenic parasite that causes the disease Schizotrypanum cruzi (later renamed to Trypanosoma cruzi), after Oswaldo Cruz, the noted Brazilian physician and epidemiologist who fought successfully epidemics of yellow fever, smallpox, and bubonic plague in Rio de Janeiro and other cities in the beginning of the 20th century.
		Until recently, however, Chagas disease was considered a contraindication for the procedure, since the heart damage could recur as the parasite was expected to seize the opportunity provided by the immunosuppression that follows surgery.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Chagas_disease (2811 words)

	Chagas disease
		Chagas disease is a Mammalian disease occurring only in the Americas.
		It is caused by the protozoan Trypanosoma cruzi, one of the kinetoplastid flagellates, transmitted to humans by triatomine insects (assassin bugs[?]) known in the different countries as vinchuca, kissing bug (Triatoma protracta), chipo etc.
		The disease was named after the Brazilian physician Carlos Chagas[?] who first described it in 1910 but the disease was not seen as a major problem in humans until the 1960s.
	www.ebroadcast.com.au /lookup/encyclopedia/ch/Chagas_disease.html (199 words)

	Chagas Disease Fact Sheet \| CDC DPD
		Chagas disease is named after the Brazilian physician Carlos Chagas, who discovered it in 1909.
		The impact of Chagas disease is not limited to the rural areas in Latin America in which vectorborne transmission occurs.
		Chagas disease is not endemic in the Caribbean (for example, in Puerto Rico or Cuba).
	www.cdc.gov /ncidod/dpd/parasites/chagasdisease/factsht_chagas_disease.htm (1333 words)

	Chagas disease - Medical Encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		It is caused by the protozoan Trypanosoma cruzi, one of the kinetoplastid flagellates, transmitted to humans by triatomine insects known in the different countries as assassin bug, vinchuca, kissing bug, chipo etc. usually Triatoma protracta.
		The disease was named after the Brazilian physician Carlos Chagas who first described it in 1910 but the disease was not seen as a major problem in humans until the 1960s.
		Chagas disease currently affects 16-18 million people, killing around 20,000 annually and with some 100 million at risk of acquiring the disease.
	www.nursingstudy.com /encyclopedia/Chagas_disease.html (241 words)

	Chagas disease -- Facts, Info, and Encyclopedia article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Chagas disease (also called American trypanosomiasis) is a (Any warm-blooded vertebrate having the skin more or less covered with hair; young are born alive except for the small subclass of monotremes and nourished with milk) mammalian disease occurring only in the (North and South America) Americas.
		The disease was named after the (A native or inhabitant of Brazil) Brazilian (A licensed medical practitioner) physician (additional info and facts about Carlos Chagas) Carlos Chagas, who first described it in 1909 but the disease was not seen as a major problem in humans until the (The decade from 1960 to 1969) 1960s.
		In most countries where Chagas disease is endemic, (An examination of the characteristics of something) testing for (Someone who gives blood to be used for transfusions) blood donors is already mandatory, since this can be an important route of transmission.
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/c/ch/chagas_disease.htm (1728 words)

	Carlos Ribeiro Justiniano Chagas (www.whonamedit.com) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Carlos Ribeiro Justiniano Chagas was a pioneer in the use of insecticides in the fight against malaria.
		Chagas’ work is unique in the history of medicine - it is the only instance in which a single investigator has described the infection, its agent, its vector, its manifestations, its epidemiology, and some of the hosts of the pathogenic genus.
		Chagas was the son Jose Justiniano das Chagas, a coffee planter descending from farmers who had arrived in Brazil from Portugal around the middle of the sixteenth century.
	www.whonamedit.com /doctor.cfm/2757.html (1809 words)

	The Kiss of Death: The History of Chagas' Disease - Carlos Chagas
		Carlos Justiniano Ribeiro Chagas was born on July 9, 1879, in the town of Oliveira, Brazil, of farmers whose descendents came to Brazil in the seventeenth century.
		Chagas contributed to malariology and in 1906 became an associate of the Oswaldo Cruz Institute in Rio de Janeiro.
		Chagas found that some symptoms were not from malaria, and later was given an insect, a vinchuca, that sucked blood from the workers at night.
	www.uta.edu /chagas/html/histCarl.html (450 words)

	DISEASES \| CHAGAS' DISEASE
		The disease is named for Carlos Chagas, a Brazilian scientist who described it in 1907 and subsequently described the vector and parasite.
		Chagas' disease is common from Argentina to Mexico.
		Chagas' disease is associated with poverty and poor housing in rural areas.
	www.mscionline.com /projects/diseases/chagas.htm (659 words)

	txt001spb: Chagas disease: role of parasite genetic variation in pathogenesis
		Chagas disease, caused by the parasite protozoan Trypanosoma cruzi, is characterised by a variable clinical course, from symptomless cases to severe chronic disease with cardiac and/or gastrointestinal involvement.
		Carlos Chagas first described the disease in a two-year-old child from the state of Minas Gerais, Brazil, in 1909 (Ref. 1).
		Until recently, the evidence for a major role of parasite factors in determining the clinical manifestations in Chagas disease was indirect and based on epidemiological evidence of a striking geographical distribution of the clinical forms of the chronic disease, as well as on the presence of the parasite in the injured tissue of patients.
	www-ermm.cbcu.cam.ac.uk /02004118h.htm (7116 words)

	Dr. Carlos Justiniano Riveiro Chagas. The Chagas Disease or American Trypanosomiasis. The ChagaSpace Group
		Carlos Justiniano Riveiro Chagas, was born in Oliveira to the west of Gerais Mines in July 9th, 1879.
		Carlos fled from his high school, worried about his mother who being moved by that, transferred him to San Juan del Rey school where a priest called Sacramentado was in charge of his education.
		Carlos Chagas died when he was 55 as consequence of a hearth attack.
	www.chagaspace.org /eng/chagas/carlos_chagas.htm (663 words)

	Chagas Disease - Boston College (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Chagas disease, named for Carlos Chagas, the Brazilian doctor who first described the disease in 1909, is caused by Trypanosoma cruzi,a flagellate protozoan parasite.
		Chagas, because it often causes early mortality and disability in youth, imposes a high economic cost on the countries where the disease is found.
		Chagas disease is characterized by both an acute stage and a chronic stage.
	www.bc.edu /schools/cas/biology/research/insect/chagas (1062 words)

	Carlos Chagas Filho Information
		Carlos Chagas Filho retired in 1980, but continued to work steadfastly almost until his death, at 89 years of age.
		Chagas Filho's main scientific contribution was centered on the study of the eletroplaques of the poraque (Electrophorus electricus), a fresh water electric eel which is endemic in the Amazon.
		Carlos Chagas Filho was awarded with 16 titles of Honoris Causa Doctor in many national and foreign universities, and 19 decorations, including that of Légion d'Honneur (1979) and the Brazilian Order of Scientific Merit.
	www.bookrags.com /wiki/Carlos_Chagas_Filho (1059 words)

	Chagas disease Summary
		Chagas disease is a human infection that is caused by a microorganism that establishes a parasitic relationship with a human host as part of its life cycle.
		Chagas named the pathogenic parasite that causes the disease Schizotrypanum cruzi (later renamed to Trypanosoma cruzi), after Oswaldo Cruz, the noted Brazilian physician and epidemiologist who fought successfully epidemics of yellow fever, smallpox, and bubonic plague in Rio de Janeiro and other cities in the beginning of the 20th century.
		Chagas’ work is unique in the history of medicine, because he was the only researcher so far to describe completely a new infectious disease: its pathogen, vector, host, clinical manifestations, and epidemiology.
	www.bookrags.com /Chagas_disease (3795 words)

	HISTORICAL ASPECTS
		Carlos Justiniano Ribeiro Chagas was born on July 9th, 1879 in Oliveira, in a coffee farm in the State of Minas Gerais.
		After one year of exhausting work, Carlos Chagas was advised by a railroad engineer, Cantarino Mota and by Belisario Pena about the existence of a hematophagus bugs which, due to their typical behavior of biting human beings (while sleeping at night) on the uncovered face, were known as "barbeiros" (barbers) or "kissing bugs".
		Chagas was also commissioned to control malaria in the Amazon, a task which clearly had a strong influence in his life when developing Preventive Medicine in Brazil.
	www.dbbm.fiocruz.br /tropical/chagas/chapter.html (1919 words)

	Trypanosoma cruzi (Chagas' disease) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Chagas' disease is named after Carlos Chagas, a Brazilian who in 1910 discovered this parasite in the vector.
		The vector for Chagas' disease, a "true bug" (Hemiptera) such a Triatoma, Rhodnius, or Panstrongylus, ingests amastigotes or trypomastigotes when it feeds.
		The vector defecates on the host's skin at the same time that it feeds, and the metacyclic trypomastigotes enter the host's body, most often by being "rubbed in" to the vector's bite or the mucous membranes of the eye, nose, or mouth (view a diagram of the life cycle).
	www.biosci.ohio-state.edu /~parasite/chagas.html (285 words)

	Historical Review of the Chagas Disease or American Trypanosomiasis. The ChagaSpace Group
		The appearance of The Chagas disease in the medical world is somehow recent however there are descriptions related to this disease since the arrival of Spanish to America.
		Since the very beginning of the investigations Chagas foresaw that he was dealing with an very important endemic disease because of the extension of the area that it takes and because of the pathogenic action of Trypasonoma cruzi, its etiological agent.
		The relations between Salvador Mazza (1886-1946) and the Chagas disease was began during the 1920 decade, marking a big event in the history of the disease.
	chagaspace.org /eng/chagas/historical.htm (1160 words)

	chagas (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Chagas' disease, also called American trypanosomiasis, is an infection caused by the parasite Trypanosoma cruzi (10).
		Chagas' disease is usually spread by the feces of reduviid bugs, which live in cracks and holes of poorly constructed houses and outbuildings in South and Central America (10).
		Chagas' disease was named after the physician Dr. Carlos Chagas who first described it in 1909 (7) (4).
	www.austin.cc.tx.us /microbio/2704e/chagas.htm (681 words)

	The Evolution of Chagas Disease (American Trypanosomiasis) Control after 90 Years since Carlos Chagas Discovery - FULL ...
		Chagas disease is one of the most serious parasitic diseases of Latin America, with a social and economic impact far outweighing the combined effects of other parasitic diseases such as malaria, leishmaniasis and schistosomiasis.
		Carlos Chagas very soon realised that political aspects might primarily be involved in disease control, since he perceived that human American trypanosomiasis (HAT) was basically a disease affecting extremely poor rural populations who were living in very bad housing conditions, such a situation providing an ideal condition to vector colonisation.
		Chagas disease is not homogenously distributed in the endemic countries, but tends to be in micro-regional clusters that generally depend of the level of domestic colonisation by vector species.
	memorias.ioc.fiocruz.br /94sup1/670ft.html (9359 words)

	Tropical Medicine Central Resource (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		A recent national study revealed that there are between 5 and 6 million people with Chagas' disease in that country and that 30% of all adults with clinical evidence of chronic Chagas' disease die as a result of their infection.
		In the acute phase it may cause acute diffuse myocarditis and encephalitis; in the chronic form, in addition to serious myocardiopathy, there is a decrease in the number of ganglion cells in the central and peripheral autonomic nervous system.
		Chagas' disease is an acute, subacute, or chronic infection by Trypanosoma cruzi, a flagellated protozoan that circulates in the blood of man and other hosts.
	tmcr.usuhs.mil /tmcr/chapter4/intro.htm (363 words)

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