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Topic: Carlsbad Caverns

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	Carlsbad Caverns (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Carlsbad Caverns National Park contains more than 80 limestone caves that are outstanding in the profusion, diversity and beauty of their speleothems.
		Proper stewardship of the outstanding natural resources of Carlsbad Caverns National Park requires the knowledge of environmental trends such as air quality, the status of wildlife populations, and the human impacts upon the cave and surface environments.
		The management of Carlsbad Caverns National Park ensures the preservation and protection of cave resources, the Chihuahuan Desert ecosystem, and other natural resources; provides opportunities for public use, enjoyment, and understanding while minimizing impacts on park resources and natural processes; and facilitates research that adds to the body of scientific knowledge.
	www.towson.edu /~brenda/newmexico/carlsbad.htm (506 words)

	Carlsbad Caverns National Park Information Page
		Carlsbad Caverns National Park was first designated a National Monument on 25 Oct 1923.
		Carlsbad Cavern, with one of the world's largest underground chambers and countless formations, is also highly accessible, with a variety of tours offered year round.
		Research is answering some of the questions about the complex creation of Carlsbad Cavern, about the unfamiliar world of bats and other members of the cave community, and about the effects of man's activities on the cave.
	www.carlsbad.caverns.national-park.com /info.htm (1920 words)

	Glimpses of Our National Parks
		Carlsbad Caverns, like most caves, is a series of openings in a massive limestone which were made by percolating ground water.
		After the great series of chambers forming the main portions of the caverns were formed, nature took up the task of decorating them with a myriad of beautifully sculptured effects in the form of stalagmites, stalactites, more irregular spiral forms known as helectites, enormous columns, curtains seemingly of alabaster, and other limestone ornamentations.
		The portion of the cavern occupied by the bats is a long corridor extending a quarter of a mile eastward from the main entrance, and is not open to visitors.
	www.cr.nps.gov /history/online_books/glimpses1/glimpses22.htm (873 words)

	Carlsbad Caverns National Park, New Mexico Vacation & Travel Guide
		Carlsbad Caverns National Park showcases one of the most spectacular collections of caves anywhere in the world and draws over 700,000 curious visitors per year.
		The Carlsbad Caverns were lightly explored over the past 1000 years by the Native Americans, though they were not deeply studied until the turn of the 20th century.
		Pioneer interest was sparked in the caves due to their rich deposits of bat guano near the entrances as guano mining was a lucrative activity for several years before transportation costs outweighed the effort to harness this resource.
	www.go-newmexico.com /Carlsbad-Caverns-National-Park (412 words)

	Carlsbad Caverns (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Carlsbad Caverns National Park contains more than 80 limestone caves that are outstanding in the profusion, diversity and beauty of their formations.
		Carlsbad Cavern is the summer home for a world-famous colony of migratory Mexican free-tailed bats.
		Carlsbad Caverns National Park preserves a portion of the Capitan Reef—one of the best-preserved, exposed Permian-age fossil reefs in the world.
	www.carlsbadrvpark.com /localatts/caverns.htm (516 words)

	Carlsbad Caverns National Park: Description (DesertUSA)
		Carlsbad Cavern National Park is located in the Chihuahuan Desert, the largest of four major desert regions in North America.
		The colony at Carlsbad is comprised primarily of females who give birth to their young from June through July before migrating south in October to winter in Mexico.
		Carlsbad Cavern is located in Guadalupe Mountain limestone, which was deposited in an ancient sea about 230 million years ago.
	www.desertusa.com /carl/carl_desc.html (1338 words)

	Carlsbad Caverns National Park travel guide - Wikitravel (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Carlsbad Caverns National Park [1] is a unit of the United States National Park Service and a UNESCO World Heritage Site that is located near Carlsbad, New Mexico.
		The "Big Cave" (Carlsbad Cavern itself) is one of over 80 caves within the park, but it is neither the longest nor the deepest of the park's caves.
		Flora and fauna of Carlsbad are typical of the Chihuahuan Desert, with relatively few large animals and plant life that is adapted to the dry environment.
	wikitravel.org /en/Carlsbad_Caverns_National_Park (2558 words)

	Using Science to Change Management Perspectives at Carlsbad Caverns National Park
		One of the goals of the Cave Resources Office of Carlsbad Caverns National Park is to protect the caves and cave resources of the park (Figure 1).
		Carlsbad Cavern is seen by more than 500,000 visitors a year, by far the most visited feature in the park.
		An infiltration study was performed in the area around Carlsbad Cavern (Figure 2) as part of a Colorado School of Mines master’s thesis (Brooke, 1996) and an investigation by the International Ground Water Modeling Center (van der Heijde et.
	water.usgs.gov /ogw/karst/kigconference/pab_usingscience.htm (2974 words)

	Carlsbad Caverns National Monument (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		In the 1940s the colony at the caverns was in the several millions.
		New Cave on the wall of Slaughter Cavern is one of the larger ones.
		Lechuguilla Cave, near the caverns, is the deepest and one of the longest caves in north America.
	members.aol.com /Gibson0817/carlsbad.htm (1886 words)

	Geologic History of Carlsbad Caverns
		The upper level of Carlsbad Cavern is in the thin layered back reef and tidal flat deposits, while the large chambers and lower levels are in the reef and reef talus deposits.
		Even though water has been the instrument of creation and decoration in Carlsbad Cavern, there is no evidence that any major flowing streams contributed to its formation, although some minor streams may have followed a few passageways.
		Among the larger cavern pools is Lake of the Clouds which lies at the lowest known point in Carlsbad Cavern.
	www.rozylowicz.com /retirement/carlsbad/carlsbad-geology.html (1285 words)

	Carlsbad Caverns National Park Information, Pictures, and Videos (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		The Carlsbad Caverns are one of the largest cave systems in the world.
		Pets are not permitted in the caverns, on park trails, or in the backcountry, and because of the hot summer temperatures pets should not be left unattended in vehicles.
		Driving too fast or being inattentive is never safe, but doubly so in the park as humans invade the natural resident's space; namely the many forms of wildlife that call the Carlsbad Cavern area their home.
	www.adventure-crew.com /parks/CarlsbadCaverns.asp (442 words)

	Carlsbad, New Mexico - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Carlsbad is located in the Chihuahuan Desert and the Pecos River Valley at an elevation of 3,295 feet.
		Carlsbad Caverns National Park is located eighteen miles southwest of the city, with Guadalupe Mountains National Park lying forty miles further southwest across the Texas border.
		The re-discovery of Carlsbad Caverns (then known as "Bat Cave") by local cowboys in 1901 and the subsequent establishment of Carlsbad Caverns National Park on May 14, 1930 gained the town of Carlsbad substantial recognition.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Carlsbad,_New_Mexico (955 words)

	Carlsbad Caverns National Park, New Mexico (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Carlsbad is served by Greyhound and TNM&O bus lines.
		The "Cavern Guide", a stimulating audio tour of the two self-guided routes, is an additional $3.
		The Carlsbad Caverns - Guadalupe Mountains Association operates a large bookstore in the visitor center, with titles on caves, bats and the natural history of the Chihuahuan Desert.
	classic.mountainzone.com /nationalparks/cave (772 words)

	Carlsbad Caverns \| Away.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Called by some the Eighth Wonder of the World, Carlsbad is surrounded by some of the most beautiful and unspoiled country in the West, including Guadalupe Mountains National Park, Carlsbad Caverns National Park, and Lincoln National Forest.
		On March 23, 1899, the townspeople voted to change the name to the Old-World-flavored Carlsbad because of the nearby mineral spring that somebody likened to the world-famous Karlsbad Spa in the Czech region of greater Bohemia.
		More important to the long-term development of the caverns was the arrival of Jim White, a local cowboy, handyman, roustabout, and sometime guano miner who put Carlsbad Caverns on the map.
	away.com /primedia/pol_soc/carlsbad_caverns_1.html (852 words)

	Carlsbad Caverns National Park, New Mexico
		Two National Parks are found within their range; Guadalupe Mountains (in Texas), which has rocky peaks and scenic valleys with varied wildlife, and Carlsbad Caverns, one of the oldest and most famous cave systems in the world.
		Features: The entrance to Carlsbad Caverns is on the plateau at the top of the canyon, where a huge visitor complex has been built, with acres of parking and a network of service roads.
		This is the deepest part of the Caverns currently open to the public, 830 feet in one section, and may be visited as part of a ranger-led tour that lasts 90 minutes.
	www.americansouthwest.net /new_mexico/carlsbad_caverns/national_park.html (776 words)

	Carlsbad Caverns National Park, New Mexico
		This park was established to preserve Carlsbad Cavern and numerous other caves within a Permian-age fossil reef.
		Some of the more unusual formations to occur in Carlsbad Cavern are helictites, which grow seemingly without regard to gravity, their twisting shapes governed by crystal shapes, impurities and the force of water under pressure.
		Other rare formations are those composed not of calcite, but of aragonite, a mineral chemically identical to calcite but with a different crystal structure.
	www.rozylowicz.com /retirement/carlsbad/carlsbad.html (681 words)

	Carlsbad Caverns National Park Tour - Take a Virtual Tour of Carlsbad Caverns National Park
		Carlsbad Caverns National Park was established to preserve Carlsbad Cavern and numerous other caves within the Guadalupe Mountains — a Permian-age fossil reef.
		Carlsbad Cavern, with one of the world's largest underground chambers and countless formations, is accessible via walking tours year-round.
		The Carlsbad Caverns Guadalupe Mountains Association is a private, nonprofit organization whose main objectives are to provide interpretation for park visitors, and to support the mission of the National Park Service at Carlsbad Caverns, Guadalupe Mountains National Park, and the lands related to them in New Mexico and West Texas since 1957.
	www.360parks.com /carlsbad_caverns_virtual_tour.shtml (512 words)

	Carlsbad Caverns : Introduction \| Frommers.com
		One of the largest and most spectacular cave systems in the world, Carlsbad Caverns National Park comprises more than 100 known caves that snake through the porous limestone reef of the Guadalupe Mountains.
		Although American Indians had known of Carlsbad Cavern (the park's main cave) for centuries, it was not discovered by settlers until ranchers in the 1880s were attracted by sunset flights of bats emerging from the cave.
		In 1926, the first electric lights were installed, and in 1930 Carlsbad Caverns gained national park status.
	www.frommers.com /destinations/carlsbadcaverns/1721010001.html (544 words)

	USPS - June 7, 2002 - Carlsbad Caverns National Park Honored On Stamped Postal Card
		The Carlsbad Caverns stamped postal card was dedicated at the Carlsbad Caverns National Park Visitors Center today at 10 a.m., at a first day of issue ceremony.
		Carlsbad Cave National Monument was established on Oct. 25, 1923, and became a National Park on May 14, 1930.
		Another major attraction at Carlsbad Caverns National Park is the colony of migratory Mexican free-tailed bats that make their summer home in a passageway near the natural entrance to Carlsbad Cavern.
	www.usps.com /news/2002/philatelic/sr02_033.htm (1216 words)

	Attractions
		Located only one quarter of a mile away, be sure to pay a visit to all the attractions found at the Carlsbad Caverns National Park.
		Carlsbad Cavern - Explore the subterranean fantasyland of stalagmites, stalactites and helicites in the Eighth Wonder of the World.
		Summer Bat Flight - Carlsbad Caverns’ most famous residents are the Mexican Freetail bats that inhabit the cave during the warm spring and summer months.
	www.carlsbadcaverns.com /attractions.htm (2336 words)

	carlsbadchamber.com - Home (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Come explore Carlsbad, where treasures are buried deep in the earth and high on the summits.
		A wealth of wilderness adventure is waiting for you, where mountains meet desert and desert meets water.
		Carlsbad has more to see and more to do.
	www.carlsbadchamber.com (96 words)

	Carlsbad Caverns National Park (DesertUSA)
		Carlsbad Caverns National Park was established to preserve Carlsbad Cavern and numerous other caves within a Permian-age fossil reef.
		Carlsbad Cavern, with one of the world's largest underground chambers and countless formations.
		The evening flight of Mexican free-tailed bats (Tadarida brasiliensis mexicana) from the entrance of Carlsbad Cavern is one of the park's principal visitor attractions.
	www.desertusa.com /carl (646 words)

	Show Caves of the United States: Carlsbad Caverns
		Carol A Hill (1987): Geology of Carlsbad Cavern and other caves in the Guadalupe Mountains, New Mexico and Texas, 150pp, 130 figs [most are photos], SB.
		Carlsbad Caverns National Park, 3225 National Parks Hwy., Carlsbad, NM 88220, Tel: +1-505-785-2232, Fax: +1-505-785-2302.
		Carlsbad Caverns is probably the most famous cave of the United States.
	www.showcaves.com /english/usa/showcaves/Carlsbad.html (777 words)

	Carlsbad Caverns National Park - Areaparks.com
		Established to preserve Carlsbad Cavern and numerous other caves within a Permian-age fossil reef, the park contains more than 100 known caves, including Lechuguilla Cave—the nation's deepest limestone cave at 1,567 feet (478m) and third longest.
		Carlsbad Cavern, with one of the world's largest underground chambers and countless formations, is highly accessible, with a variety of tours offered year-round.
		Please note: Beginning on the first Sunday in April, Carlsbad Caverns is on Mountain Daylight Saving Time; Mountain Standard Time begins on the last Sunday in October.
	carlsbadcaverns.areaparks.com (161 words)

	Carlsbad Caverns National Park - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Later that year on October 25, 1923 Carlsbad Cavern was proclaimed a national monument.
		Through illustrated articles published in magazines such as National Geographic—in 1924 and 1925 (based on the expedition of geologist Rock Lee)—and by word of mouth, Carlsbad Cavern became one of the world's most celebrated caves.
		Carlsbad, the town, and, thus, Carlsbad Caverns National Park, supposedly take their name from Jake Schauer, Czech Republic (Carlsbad —literally, Charles' Baths, in German).
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Carlsbad_Caverns_National_Park (2727 words)

	Carlsbad Caverns \| Away.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		The city of Carlsbad, New Mexico, is at the intersection of US 62/180 and US 285, in the southeastern corner of the state, about 3 hours from El Paso or Lubbock, Texas, and 5 hours from Albuquerque, New Mexico.
		Carlsbad Caverns National Park is southwest of town on US 62/180.
		In recent years the caverns have been made accessible to those in wheelchairs, and bilingual signs in English and Spanish have been put up.
	away.com /primedia/carlsbad_caverns_tp.html (193 words)

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