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Topic: Carmine (color)

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	Chapter 12 - On Coloring Daguerreotypes: a rare 19th century photography course textbook
		Nearly, if not quite all the various colors used in painting may be made from the five primitive colors, fl, white, blue, red and yellow, but for the Daguerrean artist it would be the best policy to obtain such as are required by their art already prepared.
		Carmine and Prussian blue producing the richest color, which may be deepened in the shadows by a slight addition of indigo or brown.
		In portraits of women--the middle tints on the side of the light, which are perceived on the bosom and arms, are made of a slight mixture of ochre, blue and lake, (or carmine), to which add, on the shaded sides, ochre, bistre and purple, the latter in the darker parts.
	www.classic-photography-school.com /chapter_12_-_on_coloring_daguerreotypes/chapter_12_-_on_coloring_daguerreotypes.shtml (1165 words)

	Federal Register - 71 FR 4839 January 30, 2006: Listing of Color Additives Exempt From Certification; Food, Drug, and ...
		Carmine is the aluminum or calcium-aluminum lake formed by precipitating carminic acid onto an aluminum hydroxide substrate using aluminum or calcium cation as the precipitant.
		Carmine is a dark red to bright red powder depending on the amount of carminic acid present.
		Although the color additives have been shown to produce allergic responses in certain sensitized individuals, there is no evidence of a significant hazard to the general population when the color additives are used as specified by the color additive regulations in part 73.
	www.cfsan.fda.gov /~lrd/fr060130.html (12417 words)

	Carmine (color) - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Carmine is the general term for a particularly deep red color.
		"Carmines" is occasionally used as a nickname for the Boston Red Sox.
		Carmine is also used in national flag of Latvia.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Carmine_(color) (73 words)

	colorMaker Inc. - Introduction to Natural Colors
		The colorant is extracted from the bodies of female insects just prior to egg-laying time and as such, may contain from 10 to 20% of their dry weight of the color principle chemically called carminic acid.
		Carmine is made by precipitating carminic acid onto an alumina hydrate substrate, using aluminum or calcium cations.
		Liquid carmine is usually offered as a 3 to 7.5% carminic acid content in an aqueous solution, alkalized with ammonium or potassium hydroxide.
	www.colormaker.com /CM/AboutNC/Carmine.asp (621 words)

	[No title]
		Carmine and cochineal are natural red dyes, derived from the dried bodies of female cochineal insects Dactylopius coccus Costa (Coccus cacti L), a parasite of the prickly pear cactus (Nopalea coccinelliferna).
		Carmine is the aluminum or calcium-aluminum lake on an aluminum hydroxide substrate of carminic acid.
		Extrinsic allergic alveolitis caused by occupational inhalation of carmine.
	www.med.umich.edu /intmed/allergy/carmine.htm (2479 words)

	Colors Au Naturel
		There are colors that are certified (commonly referred to by the unwashed hordes and many in the food industry as "artificial") and those that are exempt from certification (often called "natural," although certain ingredients do not even fit the definition of "natural" by the widest stretch of the imagination).
		The color tone, defined by the hue index, measures the red characteristics of the color, and is a function of the absorbency at 510 and 610 nm.
		Carminic acid, derived from the shells of dried female insects (Dactylopius coccus costa) is the main pigment in carmine or cochineal.
	www.foodproductdesign.com /articles/0398AP.html (4094 words)

	carmine - definition by dict.die.net
		carmine adj : having any of numerous bright or strong colors reminiscent of the color of blood or cherries or tomatoes or rubies [syn: red, reddish, ruddy, blood-red, cerise, cherry, cherry-red, crimson, ruby, ruby-red, scarlet] n : a variable color averaging a vivid red [syn: cardinal] v : color carmine
		A beautiful pigment, or a lake, of this color, prepared from cochineal, and used in miniature painting.
		Carmine red (Chem.), a coloring matter obtained from carmine as a purple-red substance, and probably allied to the phthale["i]ns.
	dict.die.net /carmine (152 words)

	18th Century Primary Source Information - Trade Secrets Concerning Colors and Painting, to Make Transparent Colors
		Observe that you must not put much alum in the first water, if you are desirous of preserving the brightness of the color; for by putting too much of that ingredient, as well as for the water impregnated with it, you darken the tone of the color.
		If you want a tone of color different from the natural color of the flower, you may change it by only adding, after the flowers are pounded, a little quicklime dist in the mortar, and give tow or three strokes of a pestle more to the whole; then strain it.
		In the manipulation of all the colors which are intended to serve in drawing for wash, whenever you will not have them doubtedly look very bad; for the neatness required in a draught, forbids the use of any coarse color.
	www.old-crafts.com /colors_and_painting/making_transparent_colors.htm (2243 words)

	FDA could require labeling of insect-derived red food dye
		Derived from the ground bodies of female cochineal beetles, the colorings are currently used in a variety of ice creams, yogurts, fruit drinks, alcoholic drinks and candy products, to which they bring a characteristic pink, red or purple color.
		Carmine extract has been used for thousands of years to provide coloring in a host of products, including cosmetics and pharmaceuticals.
		As well as carmine, cochineal beetles are also used to produce cochineal extract, another red dye derivative that is used in food products.
	www.foodnavigator-usa.com /news/ng.asp?n=65603-cochineal-carmine-color (640 words)

	Code of Federal Regulations: 21 CFR 73.100 - Cochineal extract; carmine
		(2) The color additive carmine is the aluminum or calcium-aluminum lake on an aluminum hydroxide substrate of the coloring principles, chiefly carminic acid, obtained by an aqueous extraction of cochineal (Dactylopius coccus costa (Coccus cacti L.)).
		Carmine and cochineal extract shall be pasteurized or otherwise treated to destroy all viable Salmonella microorganisms.
		Carmine and cochineal extract may be safely used for coloring foods generally in amounts consistent with good manufacturing practice, except that they may not be used to color foods for which standards of identity have been promulgated under section 401 of the act unless added color is authorized by such standards.
	vm.cfsan.fda.gov /~lrd/cfr73100.html (488 words)

	Editor's Thoughts
		Carminic acid, derived from the shells of a specific dried female insect (Dactylopius coccus costa) is the main pigment in carmine or cochineal extract.
		The Spanish explorer Cortez discovered carmine in the early 1500's and was impressed by the depth of color compared to those used in Europe at the time.
		The color is extracted from the shells of the females near egg laying time, when they turn a bright red color.
	www.red40.org /pages/editor/index.html (401 words)

	Section 21CFR73.100 (Site not responding. Last check: )
		(2) The color additive carmine is the aluminum or calcium-aluminum lake on an aluminum hydroxide substrate of the coloring principles, chiefly carminic acid, obtained by an aqueous extraction of cochineal (Dactylopius coccus costa (Coccus cacti L.)).
		Carmine and cochineal extract shall be pasteurized or otherwise treated to destroy all viable Salmonella microorganisms.
		Carmine and cochineal extract may be safely used for coloring foods generally in amounts consistent with good manufacturing practice, except that they may not be used to color foods for which standards of identity have been promulgated under section 401 of the act unless added color is authorized by such standards.
	a257.g.akamaitech.net /7/257/2422/14mar20010800/edocket.access.gpo.gov/cfr_2002/aprqtr/21cfr73.100.htm (423 words)

	Carmine Bee-eaters
		Carmine Bee-eaters are carmine in color, except for its greenish blue head and throat, and the bold fl mask-like stripe across their eyes.
		Carmine Bee-eaters inhabit a belt of country from Senegal in the west to Abyssinia and Somalia in the east.
		The Southern Carmine Bee-eater inhabits Angola and northern South-West Africa to Malawi, Mozambique, Transvaal and Natal.
	www.honoluluzoo.org /Carmine_Bee-eaters.htm (598 words)

	POST OFFICE IN PARADISE - Boston Lithograph Issue
		Stamps of the dark rose and dark carmine rose shades are said to be of the second printing and are assigned
		The resulting imitation was engraved and printed in an orange red color on yellowish to buff wove paper.
		However, one well accepted test apart from the paper and ink color is in the extension of the frame line at the bottom left of the central portrait.
	www.hawaiianstamps.com /boston_lithograph.html (1594 words)

	Sensient Technologies
		Carmine color originates from dried female insects called cochineal ((Dactylopius coccus costa)(coccus Cacti L)).
		Carmine is produced as a lake pigment in modern food-grade facilities in Peru, England, Germany, France, Belgium and the U.S. Cochineal, harvested in the Canary Islands, is used primarily to provide color for the famous Italian aperitif, Campari.
		Carmine is among the most stable of all food, drug and cosmetic colors.
	www.sensient-tech.com /cosmetics_sku_color/carmine_overview.htm (858 words)

	Carmine (Cochineal and Kermes) - history
		One of the delights of autumn is, to walk through the woodlands and feast your eyes upon their coloring.
		In a dictionary we find that scarlet is a yellowish-red: vermilion includes several lively brilliant reds; cherry is a bright n hue maroon is a dull color varying from reddish-blue to reddish-yellow carmine is a rich crimson and crimson is any one of several hues from pure red to bluish red.
		Included in the tribute paid by each conquered state to Montezuma, emperor of the Aztecs, were many bags each containing millions of the dried bodies of a tiny red insect -- the cochineal bug that lives in colonies among tattered white tents of silk and wax spun on the pads of the prickly-pear cactus.
	webexhibits.org /pigments/indiv/history/carmine.html (579 words)

	Jacksonville Zoo and Gardens: Carmine Bee-eaters
		Carmine bee-eaters are found in Africa from Senegal in the west to Abyssinia and Somalia in the east.
		The carmine bee-eater is carmine in color, except for a greenish blue head and throat, and the bold fl mask-like stripe across its eyes.
		Southern Carmine bee-eaters nesting and feeding habits are similar to that of the Carmine Bee-eater.
	www.jaxzoo.org /animals/biofacts/CarmineBeeEaters.asp (581 words)

	Blade Shearson's Cut and Color: Hot Hair Styles (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Carmine Minardi, director of the Minardi Salon, located on 29 East 61st St., NY, NY 10021 (phone: 212 308-1711 or, if you're out of town, you can call toll-free 1 800 MINARDI), felt that we will continue to see lots of short hair.
		Carmine also told us about some important hair products that are needed to achieve the desired look, "Chemical relaxers are being used a lot, to control over volume of hair — for hair that's TOO frizzy.
		He also feels that hair color should compliment the light that the sun casts during the different seasons: blue, cooler light in the winter and golden, bright light in the summer.
	www.beautylink.com /Hair/bscccypshot.html (1192 words)

	FDA Urged Improve Labeling of or Ban Carmine Food Coloring
		Food colorings that cause severe allergic reactions should be disclosed clearly on labels or possibly banned, a national health-advocacy group is telling the Food and Drug Administration.
		They provide a pink, red, or purple color to foods ranging from ice cream and yogurt to fruit drinks and the aperitif Campari, as well as to pharmaceuticals and cosmetics.
		To protect those consumers, CSPI urged the FDA, if it didn’t ban carmine and cochineal extract, to require that labels indicate that the colorings are derived from insects.
	cspinet.org /new/carmine_8_24_98.htm (403 words)

	Secret Marks on the 90c Banknotes (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Most texts refer to this color as carmine or dark carmine.
		Scott 191 - The color may be similar to either the National or the Continental Printings.
		In this case the rich carmine color resembles that of the National printing.
	www.1847usa.com /sm90c.htm (91 words)

	Indigo Carmine Molecule -- Color Dye
		Indigo Carmine is a Royal blue synthetic coal tar dye, normally produced by a synthesis of indoxyl by fusion of sodium phenylglycinate in a mixture of caustic soda and sodamide.
		The process was introduced following the discovery of the chemical structure of indigo by the Prussian research chemist J F W Adolf von Baeyer in 1883 and was in regular use by 1890.
		Indigo Carmine is used in: drugs and cosmetics; baked goods, cereals, snack foods, ice cream, confections, cherries, blancmange, biscuits and sweets.
	www.worldofmolecules.com /colors/indigo_carmine.htm (167 words)

	Carmine - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Carmine (IPA: [ˈkɑrmaɪn -mɪn]), also called Crimson Lake, Cochineal, Natural Red 4, C.I. or E120, is a pigment of a bright red color obtained from the carminic acid produced by the cochineal insect, and is used as a general term for a particularly deep red color.
		[1] It is currently not even an FDA requirement that carmine be listed in all ingredient lists, and may sometimes be represented under "artificial coloring" or "added coloring".
		A request from the Center for Science in the Public Interest to require ingredient labels to explicitly state that carmine may cause severe allergic reactions and anaphylactic shock and that is derived from insects was declined by the FDA.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Carmine (629 words)

	Bugging the FDA - Archives - Prepared Foods (Site not responding. Last check: )
		FDA says its action is based on adverse event reports of allergic reactions to the color additives and a 1998 citizen petition urging the agency to require labels to declare the allergens in food and other products.
		Cochineal extract and carmine are derived from female cochineal beetles.
		In August 1998, the CSPI petitioned the agency to require labeling for cochineal extract and carmine color additives.
	www.preparedfoods.com /CDA/Archives/29623b7ad7788010VgnVCM100000f932a8c0____ (277 words)

	Centerra Wine Company
		It is more stable than other fruit-based red food colorings, retaining its color properties longer in beverages high in pH, high in ascorbic acid, and undergoing high processing temperatures.
		When anthocyanin food colors are used in beverages that have high levels of ascorbic acid (Vitamin C) and in those high in pH (including those that contain calcium), the colors tend to fade over time.
		MegaNatural™ Carmine Substitute has been shown to perform better than the insect-based and other fruit-based food colors, being better able to resist fading under processing that demands higher temperatures and having a longer shelf-life under the fluorescent lights prevalent in food stores and markets.
	www.cwine.com /cwine/index.jsp?link=ournews/MegaNatural.htm (968 words)

	Color Unit (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Carmine's Introduction to Color This interactive site covers primary and secondary colors, the color wheel and tints and shades.
		Color Mixing Explanations of the absorption and reflection of light and the color spectrum.
		Color Wheel A visual representation of the concepts relating to color theory.
	courses.missouristate.edu /ShaeJohnson/colorunit.htm (632 words)

	Vegetarians in Paradise/ Tropicana Juices/Cochineal/Carmine/Food Coloring
		The agency refused to require manufacturers to disclose the colorings are made from insects and plans to consider labeling prescription drugs that include colorings sometime in the future.
		Carmine is derived from the cochineal beetle, a scale insect that is crushed to create this red dye.
		Carmine is a more purified coloring made from cochineal.
	www.vegparadise.com /news13.html (795 words)

	Crayons
		Colors: carmine yellow, vermillion, orange, lemon yellow, yellow green, green, blue, ultramarine, red violet, red brown, fl, white.
		Colors: carmine red, vermillion, orange, golden yellow, lemon yellow, yellow green, green, blue green, blue, ultramarine, blue violet, red violet, red brown, yellow brown, fl, white.
		Colors: carmine red, orange, lemon yellow, green, blue, blue violet, red brown, fl.
	www.waldorfsupplies.com /cgi-sys/cgiwrap/psstone/store/agora.cgi?product=Crayons&xm=on (706 words)

	Stop on Red, Yellow and Blue: Color in Art
		The activity we used, "Carmine’s Color Wheels," was ideal for introducing color theory to fourth grade students.
		Carmine's introduction to Color was developed by Sanford, Inc. Please see Resources for more information about this and other Web sites.
		Before we began using the "Carmine" Web site, I reviewed primary and secondary colors with my students so that they would be able to use the correct terminology as they played the games and learned about color theory.
	newali.apple.com /ali_sites/deli/exhibits/1000382/The_Lesson.html (1136 words)

	FDA Urged Improve Labeling of or Ban Carmine Food Coloring
		Food colorings that cause severe allergic reactions should be disclosed clearly on labels or possibly banned, a national health-advocacy group is telling the Food and Drug Administration.
		They provide a pink, red, or purple color to foods ranging from ice cream and yogurt to fruit drinks and the aperitif Campari, as well as to pharmaceuticals and cosmetics.
		To protect those consumers, CSPI urged the FDA, if it didn’t ban carmine and cochineal extract, to require that labels indicate that the colorings are derived from insects.
	www.cspinet.org /new/carmine_8_24_98.htm (403 words)

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