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Topic: Carnallite

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	CARNALLITE (Hydrated Potassium Magnesium Chloride)
		Carnallite is an important source of potash, an invaluable fertilizer.
		However the Black Sea does not form carnallite because it is not located in a warm enough climate as intensive evaporation is needed (this is an evaporite mineral after all).
		Carnallite is extremely light with a specific gravity of only 1.6 and it also shows a violet flame result when it is put in a gas flame due to its potassium content, unlike kieserite and other non-potassium salts.
	mineral.galleries.com /minerals/halides/carnalli/carnalli.htm (689 words)

	Carnallite - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Carnallite occurs with a sequence of potassium and magnesium evaporite minerals sylvite, kainite, picromerite, polyhalite and kieserite.
		Carnallite is a somewhat rare double chloride mineral which only forms under a specific environmental conditions in an evaporating sea or sedimentary basin.
		It is mined for both potassium and magnesium and occurs in the evaporite deposits of Carlsbad, New Mexico; the Paradox Basin in Colorado and Utah; Strassfurt, Germany; the Perm Basin, Russia; and the Williston Basin in Saskatchewan, Canada.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Carnallite (292 words)

	Method of dehydrating carnallite - Patent 4224291
		Said dehydrated carnallite is melted in a reaction zone and the melt is subjected to the action of a chlorinating agent.
		The partially dehydrated carnallite is thrown on the side surface of the reaction zone by the eddy flow due to the action of centrifugal forces, a continuous film of the melt being formed on the side surface of the reaction zone.
		The carnallite semi-product is fed into an apparatus 3 where it is melted in the reaction zone and is subjected to the action of a chlorinating agent, thereafter the obtained melt is allowed to settle from solid impurities in a sedimentation tank 4.
	www.freepatentsonline.com /4224291.html (2830 words)

	Preparation of useful MgCl.sub.2. solution with subsequent recovery of KCl from carnallite - Patent 4248838
		This invention outlines a process to beneficiate carnallite ores in such a way as to obtain anhydrous MgCl.sub.2 of sufficient purity to be used as feed for an electrolysis cell producing magnesium metal.
		The organic solvents and the anhydrous ammonia used to obtain the beneficiation of these carnallite materials are recovered for recycle in the process.
		As an example of such a procedure, we present the possibility of adding sufficient hydrated carnallite as described above to ethylene glycol, such that a solution of magnesium chloride in the ethylene glycol after dehydration and removal of precipitated KCl would be between 8-10 weight percent.
	www.freepatentsonline.com /4248838.html (1718 words)

	Common molecules #50855 - Reciprocal Net (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Carnallite is a white or reddish mineral used as a fertilizer and as a source of potassium and magnesium.
		Carnallite is a milky-white or reddish mineral consisting of hydrous chlorides of potassium and magnesium, which crystallizes in the orthorhombic system and occurs in deliquescent masses.
		Carnallite is used as a fertilizer and as a source of potassium and magnesium.
	www.reciprocalnet.org /recipnet/showsample.jsp?sampleId=27344820 (151 words)

	[No title]
		When the density reach to 1.340-1.360 the precipitation of carnallite begins and in the end of evaporation process the remaining brine has a density of 1.450 and a high calcium, Magnesium, Nitrate and chloride content.
		After the delivery of the harvested raw carnallite, the crystalline crop is to be intermediately stored at a stockpile.
		It means the purified Carnallite obtained in the flotation process as underflow.This After under flow thickening is fed to decanting centrifuge to separate the crystals from the solution.
	www.iranpotash.com /about.html (1579 words)

	carnallite - Definition, Synonyms, and Reference from OnPedia.com
		carnallite - a white or reddish mineral consisting of hydrous chlorides of potassium and magnesium; used as a fertilizer and as a source of potassium and magnesium
		atomic number 19, potassium, K - a light soft silver-white metallic element of the alkali metal group; oxidizes rapidly in air and reacts violently with water; is abundant in nature in combined forms occurring in sea water and in carnallite and kainite and sylvite
		atomic number 37, Rb, rubidium - a soft silvery metallic element of the alkali metal group; burns in air and reacts violently in water; occurs in carnallite and lepidolite and pollucite
	www.onpedia.com /dictionary/carnallite (162 words)

	The World Market for Carnallite, Slyvite, and Other Crude Natural Potassium Salts: A
		I have developed a methodology, based on macroeconomic and trade models, to estimate the market for carnallite, slyvite, and other crude natural potassium salts for those countries serving the world market via exports or supplying from various countries via imports.
		The total level of imports and exports on a worldwide basis, and those for each region, is based on a model which aggregates across country markets and projects these to the current year.
		Chapter 4 does the same, but for imports of carnallite, slyvite, and other crude natural potassium salts for all countries in the world.
	www.mindbranch.com /listing/product/R307-4550.html (680 words)

	The World Market for Carnallite, Slyvite, and Other Crude Natural Potassium Salts: A
		The total level of imports and exports on a worldwide basis, and those for each region, is based on a model which aggregates across over 150 key country markets and projects these to the current year.
		Combined, Chapters 3 and 4 present the complete picture for imports and exports of carnallite, slyvite, and other crude natural potassium salts to and from all major countries in the world.
		In such cases, the difference between the numbers given in this report and the numbers actually observed might be interpreted as the "net loss" or "net gain" due to these exogenous events affecting regular trade flows that would have occurred had these events not have taken place.
	www.mindbranch.com /Carnallite-Slyvite-Crude-R307-7241 (1051 words)

	Potash industry
		The artificial carnallite is decomposed with water, and the potassium chloride crystallized out, leaving the magnesium chloride in solution; a part of this liquor, diluted with the wash water from the sludge, is used to extract the next portion of mw carnallite.
		Potassium sulphate, made from kainite as above, or by the action of sulphuric acid on potassium chloride, is largely used as a fertilizer and for the manufacture of potassium carbonate.
		Potassium chloride, chiefly obtained from carnallite, is extensively used for preparing other potassium salts, especially the nitrate, sulphate, and carbonate.
	www.lenntech.com /Chemistry/potash-industry.htm (2213 words)

	CARNALLITE-PLANT OPERATOR - Job Description
		Mixes ingredients to prepare carnallite flux used in refining magnesium: Weighs carnallite ingredients according to formula.
		Tilts furnace with handwheel to pour molten carnallite into cooling pans.
		Pulverizes solidified carnallite in grinding mill and shovels powder into metal drums.
	www.careerplanner.com /DOT-Job-Descriptions/CARNALLITE-PLANT-OPERATOR.cfm (71 words)

	Government of Saskatchewan - carnallite
		Below are the top 25 results of a search for "carnallite" across all Government of Saskatchewan websites.
		carnallite (hydrated potassium magnesium chloride -KMgCl 3.6H 2 0) and halite (sodium chloride or common salt -NaCl).
		Carnallite Sodium sulphate M e t a m o r p h o s e d T e r r a i n s...
	www.gov.sk.ca /topics/keyword/keyword?topic=nature-environment&keyword=3431 (273 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		At the first stage, carnallite is dehydrated in fluidized bed dryers with an output of 400 t/day.
		The second stage of carnallite dehydration is carried out in electric chlorinators with an output of 150–200 t/day.
		Above mentioned carnallite processing variants can be used for different types of raw material: magnesite, magnesium chloride solutions, sea water, dolomite and carnallite.
	doc.tms.org /servlet/ProductCatalog?category=01-4666 (7220 words)

	[No title]
		The stable isotopic compositions carnallites from the Esterhazy Member of the Prairie Formation indicate that this mineral has been diagenetically altered by basinal fluids.
		Most of the carnallite is the result of relatively recent fluids at low temperature (25-50°C) and may be the result of processes involving low fluid/rock ratios and the reaction of sylvite (KCl) with Mg-rich basinal brines.
		These Mg-rich fluids may be related to de-watering of primary carnallite during early burial of the potash deposit, and may represent dolomitizing agents in the Elk Point Basin.
	library2.usask.ca /theses/available/etd-10202004-235724 (418 words)

	MagAlloy Congo SA
		Water is then pumped into the highly soluble carnallite salt layer to dissolve a cavern.
		In structurally disturbed areas the carnallite may be altered to sylvanite (i.e.
		Carnallite (KCl MgCl2 • 6H2O) - 8.8% magnesium, 22% potassium chloride Halite (NaCl) Tachyhydrite (CaCl2 • 2MgCl2 • 12H2O) - 14% magnesium Bischofite (MgCl2 • 6H2O) - 13% magnesium
	www.magindustries.com /business/magalloy.php (1715 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		XRD has shown this sample to be primarily Carnallite.
		The carnallite reflections are sharp, indicating good crystallinity.
		The unidentified reflection is broad and may be a doublet.
	speclab.cr.usgs.gov /spectral.lib04/DESCRIPT/carnallite.hs430.html (269 words)

	Dehydration of Carnallite - Magnesium . com - Data Bank
		At present, carnallite cell feed for magnesium production is used only in the CIS.
		Dehydration of carnallite is simpler than that of aqueous magnesium chloride because hydrolysis is weaker.
		The second stage, which yields molten dehydrated carnallite, is performed in a chlorinator at 700-750
	www.magnesium.com /w3/data-bank/article.php?mgw=80&magnesium=64 (155 words)

	Supplier Data - Rubidium (Rb) (Goodfellow)
		Rubidium is a soft and highly reactive member of the alkali group of metals.
		It is widely distributed throughout nature, but only occurs in small amounts (its abundance in the earth’s crust is 310 ppm), the main source being carnallite, the hydrated chloride of magnesium and potassium.
		The metal is obtained by the electrolysis of the fused halide, although it can be obtained on a laboratory scale by heating the chloride with calcium metal and distilling out the metal.
	www.azom.com /details.asp?ArticleID=1834 (144 words)

	Anglo Minerals Announces Potash Resource Numbers Approximately 300 Million Tonnes (inferred plus indicated) Recoverable
		The potash deposits underlying and surrounding the area of the Permit were penetrated by 21 surface drill holes and surveyed by two vintage reflection seismic programs.
		In general, the potash-bearing beds consist of a mineralogically simple mixture of sylvite, halite, and minor clay, dolomite, anhydrite and carnallite named "sylvinite".
		The potash-bearing beds are regular and flat-lying except where the mineralization has been modified either by intraformational erosional "channels" wherein the sylvinite has been removed and replaced by a mixture of halite and insolubles ("washouts") or post-depositional replacement of the sylvite mineral by halite ("leach anomalies or salt horses").
	www.ccnmatthews.com /news/releases/show.jsp?action=showRelease&actionFor=561787 (1287 words)

	Carnallite movies
		Wet carnallite, deformed at 100 degrees C and 5x10
		After considerable shortening and recrystallization, strain is localized into a network of semibrittle shear zones, originating at the small halite grain mentioned above.
		Carnallite in these zones is recrystallized into a very fine grained aggregate, and movement along the shearzones is accompanied by ductile deformation of the moving fragments.
	www.virtualexplorer.com.au /special/meansvolume/contribs/urai/text/5.html (187 words)

	Amazon.com: carnallite
		Evaluation of methods for recovering potash from carnallite ore (Report of investigations) by D. G Foot (Unknown Binding - 1984)
		in sea water and in carnallite, a combination of potassium chloride...
		dolomite (magnesium calcium carbonate) and carnallite (magnesium calcium chloride).
	www.independentcommerce.com /icdirectory/keyword.asp?keyword=carnallite (775 words)

	Carnallite Information Center - carnallite
		Carnallite occurs with a sequence of potassium and magnesium evaporite minerals sylvite, kainite, what is carnallite used in picromerite, polyhalite and kieserite.
		It is mined for both potassium and magnesium and occurs in the evaporite deposits of Carlsbad, New Mexico; the Paradox Basin in Colorado and Utah; carnallite Strassfurt, Germany; the Perm Basin, Russia; and the Williston Basin in Saskatchewan, Canada.
		This article about a specific mineral, mineraloid, or type of rock is a stub.
	www.scipeeps.com /Sci-Chemistry_Topics_C_-_Cl/Carnallite.html (213 words)

	Carnallite
		Theoretical studies and computer modelling of solution mining of potash and carnallite: Progress report to the Department of Energy, Mines, and Resources,...
		Direct flotation of potash from carnallite (Report of investigations)
		Evaluation of methods for recovering potash from carnallite ore (Report of investigations)
	www.veryhappening.com /things/carnallite (94 words)

	(WO/2001/083401) CARNALLITE HAVING REDUCED MOISTURE ABSORPTION AND METHOD OF PRODUCING IT (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Carnallite material having reduced moisture absorption, which comprises carnallite particles typically having a diameter of from 0.5 to 10 mm, coated with a soft wax that is solid at room temperature.
		The amount of the soft wax may be at least 0.05 %, or from 0.15 to 3 %, by weight of the weight of the uncoated carnallite particles.
		The soft wax may be prevalently constituted by paraffinic hydrocarbon compounds, such as about 90 % paraffins and isoparaffins having from 20 to 40 carbon atoms.
	www.wipo.int /pctdb/en/wo.jsp?KEY=01/83401.011108 (325 words)

	Carnallite \| Potassium chloride --Qinghai East Potassium Chloride Industry Trial Plant
		Yearly production capacity of potassium chloride is 15 thousand tons, for carnallite with low sodium is 70 thousand tons, for potassic fertilizer is 12 thousand tons.
		The production process for producing high-grade potassium chloride and carnallite with low sodium has won national patent.
		Sales: Our factory is the first factory in our country which produces highgrade potassium chloride in large scale and has filled the vacuum in the potassium chloride industry.
	www.eastkcl.com /aboute.htm (223 words)

	Magnesium - QuickSeek Encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		It is found in large deposits of magnesite, dolomite, and other minerals.
		Although magnesium is found in over 60 minerals, only dolomite, magnesite, brucite, carnallite, talc, and olivine are of commercial importance.
		In the United States this metal is principally obtained by electrolysis of fused magnesium chloride from brines, wells, and sea water:
	magnesium.quickseek.com (1563 words)

	Definition of carnallite - Merriam-Webster Online Dictionary
		German Carnallit, from Rudolf von Carnall died 1874 German mining engineer
		Find more about "carnallite" instantly with Live Search
		See a map of "carnallite" in the Visual Thesaurus
	www.m-w.com /dictionary/carnallite (51 words)

	Magnesium
		a light silvery-white metallic element of the alkaline earth series, occuring principally in magnesite, dolomite and carnallite: used in light structural alloys.
		To service this growing demand, there is potentially no limit to magnesium output since magnesium is the eighth most common element in the world and the sixth most abundant metal, comprising about 2.5% of the earth's surface.
		Demand for magnesium is also being met by an expanding magnesium recycling industry.
	www.magnesium-elektron.com /about-magnesium.asp?ID=1 (445 words)

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	strivectin-sd-review.linksopen.com (718 words)

	Potash production at the Dead Sea plant (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Carnallite pond: A mixture of NaCl and carnallite crystals settles.
		the mixture of NaCl and carnallite is harvested and is pumped to the plant.
		The salt mixture is partially dissolved in a hot (105 Deg C) salt solution, and
	www.technion.ac.il /~cerekek/deadsea0.htm (128 words)

	Carnallite enriched market review in Russia/CIS. (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		the main end-users of carnallite enriched, their projects.
		To order the study please fill in the form.
		The report will be submitted to you through e-mail in Word or Adobe format just after your pre-payment of the invoice.
	www.infomine.ru /eng/produc/minerals/mining/karnallit.shtml (48 words)

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