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Topic: Carniolan honeybee

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Apis mellifera carnica

Western honeybee

European dark bee

Italian bee

Apis mellifera ligustica

Apis mellifera

Worker bee

Africanized bee

List of honeybee races

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	Istria on the Internet - Fauna - Insects
		The Carniolan honeybee is spread throughout the rest of the world as well, except for polar and some tropical regions.
		Carniolan honey bees are about the same size as the Italian honeybee race, but they are physically distinguished by their generally dusky brown-grey color that is relieved by stripes of a subdued lighter brown color.
		Carniolan bees are nearly as big and long as the Western European fl bees, though their abdomens are much slimmer.
	www.istrianet.org /istria/fauna/insects/bees/carniolan1.htm (721 words)

	BIBBA Bee Improvement and Bee breeding Association - honey bee conservation
		Two attributes of honeybees which have been essential to their evolution and biology are their clustering behaviour and, particularly in the case of the cavity-nesting species, their ability to cool the nest by evaporation of water collected outside.
		Carniolans and Caucasians have also been imported into Britain but not in numbers comparable to those of the Italian imports and generalisations about their performance under British conditions could be misleading.
		Carniolan bees have a well deserved reputation for gentleness and quietness on the comb, but their hybrids with both Mellifera and Ligustica are said to be particularly vicious.
	www.angus.co.uk /bibba/bibborig.html (7103 words)

	Bees
		Honeybees and bumblebees are colonial, though they are believed to have developed this independently, and show notable differences in such things as communication between workers.
		The Carniolan honeybee (Apis mellifera carnica) is a subspecies of Western honeybee.
		The Caucasian honeybee is a sub-species of the Western honeybee.
	www.shortopedia.com /B/E/Bees (1176 words)

	Honey - (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		Honey is a sweet and viscous fluid produced by honeybees from the nectar of flowers.
		Honeybees also release nasonov pheromones at the entrance to the hive, which enables returning bees to return to the proper hive.
		In the hive the bees use their honey stomachs to ingest and regurgitate the nectar a number of times until it is partially digested.
	en.wikipedia.2es.com.pl /wiki/Honey (3397 words)

	Brother Adam O.S.B. 1985 – Breeding the Honeybee – Part II (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		The honeybee seems to tolerate the presence of this parasite to such an extent that the possibility of a symbiosis cannot be excluded — a sort of "laissez faire" attitude.
		To prevent inbreeding the Achilles heel of the honeybee she arranged that mating should take place in free flight up to a distance of 4 miles from the hive and in addition that it should be multiple mating with a number of different drones.
		As far as the honeybee is concerned, because of her extreme susceptibility to inbreeding, she is by nature directed to mixed mating and cross mating so as to preserve her vitality.
	perso.fundp.ac.be /~jvandyck/homage/books/FrAdam/breeding/partII85en.html (19518 words)

	The Honeybee Family
		Honeybees are the only bees that live together in a complex well-organised society and store food to enable the colony to survive the winter, when forage is no longer available.
		Apis mellifera is the Western honeybee - the honeybee of this country.
		Honeybees quickly became an essential part of the local fauna living in the forests of New England and Virginia in large numbers.
	www.bbka.org.uk /articles/honeybee_family.php (3372 words)

	The Carniolan Honeybee
		The Carniolan honeybee (Apis mellifera carnica Pollm 1879) originates in Slovenia (with the exception of a small part of Primorska).
		The Carniolan honeybee is very gentle towards bee-keepers and defends itself against robbing of other bees.
		The Carniolan honeybee is spread throughout the rest of the world as well, except for polar and some tropical regions.
	www.bfro.uni-lj.si /zoo/publikacije/avtohtone_pasme/eng/The%20Karniolan%20honeybee.html (264 words)

	Beekeeping Summary
		Honeybee populations declined dramatically across the United States during the 1990s, when tracheal and Varroa mites destroyed up to 90 percent of hive populations in some areas.
		Non-Apis species of honeybees, known collectively as stingless bees, have also been kept from antiquity in Australia and Central America, although these traditions are dying, and the trigonine and meliponine species used are endangered.
		Honeybees need to cluster together in winter in order to maintain the required temperature (9 degrees celsius) for their survival, and with reduced populations it would be more difficult to achieve this temperature threshold.
	www.bookrags.com /Beekeeping (3082 words)

	RESEARCH PROJECT
		Moreover African honeybees were found to be have the highest degree of multiple mating (polyandry) in comparison to other subspecies (Moritz et al 1996, Franck et al.
		is a tropical country and the activity of the honeybee and their distribution are greatly affected by the environmental factors such as climate, thus the native honeybees and the dwarf honeybee
		The population size and the genetic diversity of the Sudanese honeybees are expected to be high, because all the African populations display higher genetic variability than European populations at all microsatellite loci studied and that has been suggested as consequences of larger effective populations sizes of African compared to European ones (Franck et al.
	www2.biologie.uni-halle.de /zool/mol_ecol/Mogbel/RESEARCH_PROJECT.htm (1010 words)

	BEEKEEPING ACTIVITIES IN SLOVENIA
		Diagnosis and prevention of honeybee diseases in queen rearing apiaries in Slovenia.
		In the field of research they are active in the investigation the Carniolan bee gene pool in Slovenia, they study floral honey and honeydew sources, investigate honey composition criteria and take part in the varroa control activities.
		Carniolan beehive remained in use for the trade with swarms and queen bees for a long time.
	www.bf.uni-lj.si /jbozic/beekorg.html (1968 words)

	Midnite Bee-Beekeeper's: Article
		Carniolan: apis mellifera carhica is the most popular race of bees in all of Europe and perhaps the 2nd most popular in the world.
		Two attributes of the Carniolan that are universally agreed are (I) its exceptional docility (Brother Adam (1966) said that Carnica was the quietest and most gentle of all bee races), and (2) Carniolan are known for their "explosive" early spring buildup at the first sign of pollen.
		A major difference between Carniolans and other races is they seem to apportion their energies and their food stores with almost human thought, in that during a slowdown of nectar,or particularly the dearth times of hot dry summer, they materially reduce brood production thereby saving food.
	www.mainebee.com /articles/best.php (3084 words)

	Brother Adam O.S.B. 1985 – Breeding the Honeybee – Part III (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		Her faults are: a premature build-up in spring, reluctance to enter supers and an inclination to suspend brood rearing during pauses in a honey flow.
		However, contrary to the Carniolan, the Anatolians in a first cross are prolific to an almost unbelievable extent, although at the same time all, except those from Central Anatolia, show a marked tendency to swarm.
		In the case of the Carniolan I drew attention to its remarkable resistance to brood diseases.
	perso.fundp.ac.be /~jvandyck/homage/books/FrAdam/breeding/partIII85en.html (12346 words)

	Carniolan honeybee - Article from FactBug.org - the fast Wikipedia mirror site
		They are resistant to some diseases and parasites that can debilitate hives of other subspecies.
		Carniolan bees are nearly as big and long as the Western European fl bees, though their abdomens are much slimmer.
		Source: The Hive and the honeybee, published by Dadant 1975
	www.factbug.org /cgi-bin/a.cgi?a=1328187 (442 words)

	More on bee wax
		Beeswax is secreted by honeybees of a certain age in the form of thin scales.
		Honeybees use the beeswax to build honey comb cells in which the young are raised and honey and pollen are stored.
		Wax from the brood comb of the honeybee hive tends to be darker than wax from the honey comb.
	www.usgovi.com /Bear-to-Bell/bee_wax.php (1399 words)

	Carniolan honeybee (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		The Carniolan honey bee (Apis mellifera carnica) is a subspecies of Western honey bee.
		The bee is the subspecies of the Western honey bee that has naturalized and adapted to the Carniola region of Slovenia, the Southern part of the Austrian Alps and North Balkan.
		Carniolan honey bees are about the same size as the Italian honeybee race, but they are physically distinguished by their generally dusky brown-grey color that is relieved by stripes of a subdued lighter brown color.
	www.cheguevara.co.za /wiki/Carniolan_honeybee (835 words)

	honey resources, honey, ball honeys
		Honey is a sweet and viscous fluid produced by honeybees from the nectar of flowers.
		Honeybees also release nasonov pheromones at the entrance to the hive, which enables returning bees to return to the proper hive.
		In the hive the bees use their honey stomachs to ingest and regurgitate the nectar a number of times until it is partially digested.
	www.ubercomedy.com /Hom-to-Hun/honey.php (3434 words)

	Vrsta Apis mellifera L
		The aim of this study was to investigate morphometric and chromosomal diversities of indigenous populations of the carniolan honeybee
		The Analysis of distribution of euchromatin and heterochromatin regions were performed on honeybee chromosomes of Banat, Timok and Syenichko–Peshterski ecotypes in order to determine the interecotype chromosomal differences between honeybees in Serbia.
		The variability in phenotype and genotype of the carniolan honeybee, confirmed after morphometric and chromosomal analyses is the result of various environmental factors, due to the fact that samplings were done in regions some 200 km apart, with different climatic, geographic and floristic features.
	www.vet.bg.ac.yu /~biolog/ljudi/stevanovicjevrosima/Magistarski-ABSTRACT-eng.htm (851 words)

	Draper's Super Bee Apiaries, Inc. - Package Bees
		These queens are produced in the north, are very gentle and because of their northern roots they produce great wintering bees.
		This bee is a mix between the Minnesota Hygienic and Carniolan bees.
		They tend to have a larger population and have good honey production, however they may need to be fed during times of dearth.
	www.draperbee.com /beesupplies/Package_Bee_Prices.htm (1927 words)

	Local bee race replacements in Lebanon: technical and economic feasibilities
		Apiculture offers a significant economic contribution to the agricultural welfare of countries rich in their floral cover such as Lebanon, in which such contribution is insufficient.
		There are many species of honeybees available, and a variety of economic races is found among these species.
		Over a five year period of studying behavioral differences of honeybee races including the local race, a better understanding of worker bee responses to queen introductions has been developed.
	www.beekeeping.com /articles/us/races_lebanon.htm (1209 words)

	Directory of open access journals
		The effects of propolis production methods and the honeybee genotypes were investigated in this study.
		Honeybee genotypes were as the Caucasica (Apis mellifera caucasica), Carniolan (Apis mellifera carnica), Italian (Apis mellifera ligustica) and Anatolia (Apis mellifera anatoliaca).
		Average propolis yield in Caucasica (Apis mellifera caucasica), Carniolan (Apis mellifera carnica), Italian (Apis mellifera ligustica) and Anatolia (Apis mellifera anatoliaca) bee genotypes were found as 27.34, 26.93, 26.12, 39.67 g, respectively.
	www.doaj.org /doaj?func=abstract&id=186709&recNo=6&toc=1 (147 words)

	apis mellifera - Beekeeping Supplies Protective Clothing Beekeeping Equipment
		is the common European, or Western, honeybee, member of the order hymenoptera.
		The domesticated* Western honeybee has escaped into the wild (forming feral colonies) wherever there are suitable, temperate environmental conditions.
		Apis mellifera is kept in most regions of the world for its honey, beeswax, propolis and collected pollen.
	www.beecare.com /Bees/apis.htm (157 words)

	Artificial insemination of queen honeybees (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		I do not mean to trivialize human rape and certainly an individual human rape is far worse than an individual honeybee rape, but as a cultural phenomenon, they are equally evil and, in fact, flow from the same source.
		Bee "strains" can be developed through AI (e.g., New World Carniolan) such that even if a particular queen was not artificially inseminated, she is the result of previous genetic manipulation.
		AI is also used for more trivial purposes such as to increase honey production or make the queen a different color (Glenn).
	www.vegetus.org /honey/art.htm (450 words)

	Carniolan honey bee
		The Carniolan honey bee (Apis mellifera carnica) is a subspecies of Western honey bee.
		The bee is the subspecies of the Western honey bee that has naturalized and adapted to the Carniola region of Slovenia, the Southern part of the Austrian Alps and North Balkan.
		These bees are known as Carniolans, or short Carnies, in English.
	www.libraryoflibrary.com /E_n_c_p_d_Carniolan_honeybee.html (482 words)

	BZ-BEE Quality Italian and Carniolan Queen breeders - Quality Italian and Carniolan Queen bees for sale - Bee Keeping ...
		The Italian honeybee is the most popular in the world.
		Carniolan bees are well known for their ability to winter well in severe climates and for their quick spring build-up.
		Carniolan queens keep a very tight brood nest with heavy stores of honey.
	www.bz-bee.com /bee101b.html (507 words)

	About Slovenia
		Honeybees make honey, but they also pollinate flowering plants.
		Honeybees are friendly insects but you must be careful with them.
		He was educated to be a musician - a guitarist, but since 1978 he has been the professional marathon swimmer.
	centros.edu.aytolacoruna.es /sfxabier/world_links/slovenia.htm (2066 words)

	Honey Bee - MSN Encarta
		There are many races of the European honey bee.
		The ones most popular in modern beekeeping are the Italian, Carniolan, and Caucasian.
		Most honey bees used in hives today are mixtures of these and sometimes other races.
	encarta.msn.com /encnet/refpages/RefArticle.aspx?refid=761562611 (392 words)

	Species Apis mellifera - Honey Bee - BugGuide.Net
		Honeybees workers heat the hive with body heat and cool the hive with their wings, so any hive has adults present year-round- but in cold weather they stay in the hives and live off their honey reserves.
		Honeybees aren't native to the western hemisphere, but their value for producing honey and wax led to their introduction by early European colonists.
		That means the Africanized honeybee migration is likely to slow or stop outside the warmer southern and Pacific regions.
	bugguide.net /node/view/3080 (888 words)

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