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	Renaissance - Art History Online Reference and Guide
		The Renaissance is usually considered to have begun in the 14th century in Italy and the 16th century in northern Europe.
		The predominant view is that the Renaissance of the 15th century in Italy, spreading through the rest of Europe, represented a reconnection of the west with classical antiquity, the absorption of knowledge—particularly mathematics—from Arabic, the return of experimentalism, the focus on the importance of living well in the present (e.g.
		The Italian Renaissance was intertwined with the intellectual movement known as Renaissance humanism and with the fiercely independent and combative urban societies of the city-states of northern Italy in the 13th to 16th centuries.
	www.arthistoryclub.com /art_history/Renaissance (2316 words)

	Renaissance - Cunnan
		The Renaissance was a cultural movement and time period in the History of Europe, considered to mark the end of the Middle Ages.
		The renaissance itself can be identified with the rise of Humanism which began in Italy with authors such as Boccaccio and Petrarch in the 14th century and ran through the 15th century with Erasmus and many others, and into the High Renaissance period of the 16th century when Mannerism became prevalent.
		The second half of the Renaissance is also the period of the Reformation, although it could be argued that the conflict between Humanism and Scholasticism, which was very much the footprint of the Renaissance, was also the starting point for the Reformation.
	cunnan.sca.org.au /wiki/Renaissance (1102 words)

	Carolingian Renaissance - Encyclopedia, History, Geography and Biography
		The Carolingian Renaissance was a period of intellectual and cultural revival occurring in the late 8th and 9th century, with the peak of the activities occurring during to the reigns of the Carolingian rulers Charlemagne and Louis the Pious.
		The use of the term renaissance to describe this period is disputed due to the majority of changes brought about by this period being confined almost entirely to the clergy, and due to the period lacking the wide ranging social movements of the later Italian Renaissance.
		Other contributions from this period was the development of Carolingian minuscule, a "book-hand" first used at the monasteries of Corbie and Tours that introduced the use of lower case letters.
	www.arikah.com /encyclopedia/Carolingian_Renaissance (810 words)

	NationMaster - Encyclopedia: Carolingian renaissance
		The Carolingians (also known as the Carlovingians) were a dynasty of rulers that eventually controlled the Frankish realm and its successors from the 8th to the 10th century, officially taking over the kingdoms from the Merovingian dynasty in 751.
		The Renaissance is usually considered to have begun in the 14th century in Italy and the 16th century in northern Europe.
		The renaissance itself can be identified with the rise of Humanism which began in Italy with authors such as Boccaccio and Petrarch in the 14th century and ran through the 15th century with Erasmus and many others, and into the High Renaissance period of the 16th century when Mannerism became prevalent.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Carolingian-renaissance (2335 words)

	WebMuseum: La Renaissance
		The term Renaissance, adopted from the French equivalent of the Italian word rinascita, meaning literally "rebirth," describes the radical and comprehensive changes that took place in European culture during the 15th and 16th centuries, bringing about the demise of the Middle Ages and embodying for the first time the values of the modern world.
		The term Renaissance, describing the period of European history from the early 14th to the late 16th century, is derived from the French word for rebirth, and originally referred to the revival of the values and artistic styles of classical antiquity during that period, especially in Italy.
		The later Renaissance was marked by a growth of bureaucracy, an increase in state authority in the areas of justice and taxation, and the creation of larger regional states.
	www.ibiblio.org /wm/paint/glo/renaissance (1448 words)

	The Art of the European Renaissance (Site not responding. Last check: )
		The term Renaissance, describing the period of European history from the early 14th to the late 16th century, is derived from the French word for rebirth, and originally referred to the revival of the values and artistic styles of classical antiquity during that period, especially in Italy.
		The chief patrons of Renaissance art and literature were the merchant classes of Florence and Venice, which created in the Renaissance palace their own distinctive home and workplace, fitted for both business and rearing and nurture of the next generation of urban rulers.
		The later Renaissance was marked by a growth of bureaucracy, an increase in state authority in the areas of justice and taxation, and the creation of larger regional states.
	home.comcast.net /~eclipse1100/renaissance/index.html (1233 words)

	Royalty.nu - The Carolingian Empire - Charlemagne and His Heirs
		This emperor had a chance to reunite the Carolingian empire -- not because he was a great leader, but because his brothers and cousins kept dying and he kept inheriting their kingdoms.
		Carolingian Chronicles: The Royal Frankish Annals and Nithard's Histories translated by Bernard W. Scholz and Barbara R. Rogers.
		Baptism and the education of the clergy in the Carolingian empire.
	www.royalty.nu /history/empires/Carolingian.html (3097 words)

	The French
		In the court of the later Carolingian king, Charles the Bald, the philosopher John the Scot reintroduced Neo-Platonism into European culture and began a strain of mystical and humanistic Christianity that would eventually effloresce in the Italian Renaissance.
		The Carolingian Renaissance, then, was a dynamic period in which the Franks actively imported distinct cultural practices from two very different worlds: the Anglo-Saxons and the Celtic Irish.
		Even though the Carolingian dynasty lasted until 987, the Carolingian monarch was largely irrelevant in the government and control of the territories all throughout the tenth century.
	www.wsu.edu:8080 /~dee/MA/FRENCH.HTM (6065 words)

	Highbeam Encyclopedia - Search Results for Carolingian
		Toward the beginning of the Carolingian Period, in the 8th cent., a gradual change appeared in Western culture and art, a change that later reached its apex under Charlemagne.
		Carolingian empire The collection of territories in Western Europe ruled by the family of CHARLEMAGNE (768–814 AD) from whom the dynasty took its name.
		Carolingian renaissance Cultural revival in France and Italy under the encouragement of Charlemagne.
	www.encyclopedia.com /SearchResults.aspx?Q=Carolingian&StartAt=1 (797 words)

	Carolingian Renaissance Summary
		Despite the disintegration of the Carolingian Empire under Charlemagne's successors, the cultural revival that he inspired continued until the Vikings put an end to it, and even then something of the achievement of the eighth and ninth centuries survived to foster the renaissance of the eleventh and twelfth centuries.
		The Carolingian Renaissance was a period of intellectual and cultural revival occurring in the late 8th and 9th century, with the peak of the activities occurring during to the reigns of the Carolingian rulers Charlemagne and Louis the Pious.
		The use of the term renaissance to describe this period is disputed due to the majority of changes brought about by this period being confined almost entirely to the clergy, and due to the period lacking the wide ranging social movements of the later Italian Renaissance.
	www.bookrags.com /Carolingian_Renaissance (1783 words)

	ORB: The Online Reference Book for Medieval Studies
		Pepin the Short, the Carolingian Mayor of the palace (died 768), had deposed the Merovingian monarch because central authority had declined steadily under the Merovingian kings as a result of their almost constant civil wars.
		The Carolingians strained their resources in developing a military force capable of conquering and then holding their empire, and their lacked the foresight to see the growing menace of sea-raiders such as the Vikings and Saracens, and the power of the light cavalry of the Magyars.
		The unity of the Frankish Kingdom under its Carolingian rulers lasted less than a century, from the accession of the Carolingians in 751 to the death of Louis in 841 and the division of the kingdom that followed.
	www.the-orb.net /textbooks/nelson/vedastus.html (1104 words)

	Carolingians
		It was founded by Pepin the Short, who deposed the last Merovingian king in 751, and it was named after Pepin's son Charlemagne, who greatly expanded the Frankish territories.
		Carolingian art consists of characteristic architecture (the Palatine Chapel in Aix-la-Chapelle [Aachen], built 792-805, survives), sculpture (only small works survive), metalwork, and illuminated manuscripts.
		The middle Frankish kingdom was divided into Italy, Lotharingia (Lorraine), and Provence; in the eastern Frankish kingdom (Germany) the dynasty survived until 911; and the western Frankish kingdom (France) was ruled by Carolingians until the failure of the line in 987.
	www.orbilat.com /Encyclopaedia/C/Carolingians.html (140 words)

	Carolingians.html
		Despite this temporary setback for the Carolingians, Pepin I's grandson and duke of Austrasia, Pepin II of Heristal, managed to gain the mayoralty of both Austrasia and Neustria in 687.
		This was of fundamental importance to the surge in cultural and intellectual activity after Pepin's death that characterized the period known as the Carolingian Renaissance.
		The reign of Louis the Pious witnessed probably the peak of the Carolingian Renaissance in arts and letters as well as the implementation of important religious and administrative reforms; but it also saw the political crises emerge that led to the empire's dissolution.
	www.utexas.edu /depts/french/web/Vessely/vessely/Carolingians.html (2240 words)

	Angel Renaissance style portrait fine art classical realism Atelier Yoyita Art Gallery*
		The name Renaissance, comes from the french equivalent of the italian word rinascita, which literally means “rebirth” and describe the radical changes experimented in European culture during the 15th y 16th centuries.
		According to the usual description, the Italian Renaissance of the 15th century, spreading through the rest of Europe, represented a reconnection of the west with classical antiquity, the absorption of knowledge—particularly mathematics—from Arabic, the return of experimentalism, the focus on the importance of living well in the present (e.g.
		In the Renaissance, the classical putto, usually naked, was first revived in secular and mythological subjects, but they soon appeared, often in great quantity, as angels, becoming almost the norm in compositions with a number of angels merely in attendance.
	www.yoyita.com /Renaissance/Angel_renaissance.html (2376 words)

	info: Carolingian_Renaissance (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Lecture 20: Charlemagne and the Carolingian RenaissanceA full-text lecture which concentrates on the achievements of Charlemagne in the context of the...
		Carolingian Renaissance Resources Resources come from both the level of research / construction you have in gathering the resource, and the number of trained workers you own.
		WebMuseum: La RenaissanceIn the 20th century the term was broadened to include other revivals of classical culture, such as the Carolingian Renaissance of the 9th century or the Renaissance of the 12th Century.
	www.napoli-pizza.net /Carolingian_Renaissance.html (301 words)

	Search Results for "Carolingian Renaissance"
		For 15 years Alcuin was the moving spirit of the Carolingian renaissance.
		Metz was a major cultural center of the Carolingian Renaissance (8th cent.) and was later (10th cent.) a prosperous...
		3The humanistic handwriting style of the Renaissance, a deliberate imitation of Carolingian minuscule, was both aesthetically pleasing...
	www.bartleby.com /cgi-bin/texis/webinator/sitesearch?FILTER=&query=Carolingian+Renaissance (276 words)

	Carolingian - Qwika
		Carolingian Carolingian Dynasty Pippinids Pippin the Elder (+ 640) Grimoald...
		The Carolingian Renaissance was a period of intellectual and...
		Carolingian G The Carolingian G or French G is one of...
	www.qwika.com /find/Carolingian (500 words)

	Renaissance art, art of the renaissance period, renaissance art history, renaissance art and architecture, renaissance ...
		The Renaissance, also known as "Rinascimento" (in Italian), was an influential cultural movement which brought about a period of scientific revolution and artistic transformation, at the dawn of modern European history.
		The term Renaissance is the French translation, used by French historian Jules Michelet, and expanded upon by Swiss historian Jacob Burckhardt (both in the 1860s).
		One early Renaissance figure is the poet Dante Alighieri (1265–1321), the first writer to embody the spirit of the Renaissance.
	www.reviewpainting.com /Renaissance-art.htm (1005 words)

	La Renaissance--famous Artists-free-painting
		Italian scholars and critics of this period proclaimed that their age had progressed beyond the barbarism of the past and had found its inspiration, and its closest parallel, da Vinci in the civilizations of ancient Greece and Rome.
		In the 19th century,da Vinci Jules MICHELET and Jakob BURCKHARDT popularized the idea of the Renaissance as a distinct historical period heralding the modern age, characterized by the rise of the individual, scientific inquiry and geographical exploration, and the growth of secular values.
		The later Renaissance was marked by a growth of bureaucracy, an da Vinci increase in state authority in the areas of justice and taxation, and the creation of larger regional states.
	www.free-painting.com /zzartists/2007010917210594033zpainting.asp (1449 words)

	Carolingian renaissance: Definition and Links by Encyclopedian.com
		...Carolingian renaissance Carolingian renaissance The Carolingian Renaissance...the year 800.
		The third part is the hardest to prove or accept.
		It is to be distinguished from the Renaissance as that term is most commonly used.
	www.encyclopedian.com /ca/Carolingian-renaissance.html (208 words)

	Carolingian Dynasty (Site not responding. Last check: )
		The Carolingian dynasty were rulers that controlled the Frankish realm from the 8th to the 10th century, taking over the kingdoms from the Merovingian dynasty in 751.
		Charlemagne's reign is often referred to as the Carolingian Renaissance because of the flowering of scholarship, literature, art and architecture.
		Louis V was the last Carolingian king of France and reigned in Laon from March 2, 986 until his own death, at the age of 20, in 987.
	www.paris-walking-tours.com /carolingiandynasty.html (3674 words)

	Oct
		Yet after his victory, the Carolingians got noticed by one of the most important leaders of early medieval Europe – the pope in Rome.
		Now the Carolingians were kings of the Franks ordained by God’s representative, the Pope.
		Second reason the Carolingian Empire disintegrated, was because two ethnic groups - the Vikings and the Magyars - invaded it.
	www.luc.edu /faculty/ldossey/carolingiansoct18.htm (1514 words)

	Creating French Culture (Library of Congress Exhibition)
		By the mid-eighth century when the Carolingian family deposed the Merovingian dynasty, the king was more than a warlord, he was also a religious figure, the Christian leader of his subjects, the new chosen people.
		Carolingian kings actively supported the study of religious texts which prepared monks, the "soldiers of Christ," to lead their people to salvation.
		As was customary for Carolingian sacramentaries, only the Preface and the Canon of the Mass are illustrated, in this case in the very beautiful, purely ornamental style that marked the end of Carolingian illumination.
	www.loc.gov /exhibits/bnf/bnf0003.html (1959 words)

	carolingian renaissance: papersportal.com- the term paper, essay paper, book report portal
		Renaissance art therefore is a completely distinctive breed as it reflects the massive transformation in political and religious mood of the society.
		Thank you for visiting papersportal.com for assistance in writing your research paper on "carolingian renaissance," research essay on "carolingian renaissance," or research report on "carolingian renaissance." papersportal.com has 5974 free research paper abstracts.
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	www.papersportal.com /term-papers/117805/carolingian-renaissance.html (332 words)

	Charlemagne. The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. 2001-05
		Charlemagne’s court at Aachen was the center of an intellectual renaissance.
		The palace school, under the leadership of Alcuin, became famous; numerous schools for children of all classes were also established throughout the empire during Charlemagne’s reign.
		Charlemagne’s creation (or re-creation) of an empire was the basis of the theory of the Holy Roman Empire; it was his example that Napoleon I had in mind when he tried to assume his succession in 1804.
	www.bartleby.com /65/ch/Charlema.html (896 words)

	Alibris: Carolingians
		This is the first modern book in any language to examine the entire history of the Carolingian 'dynasty' in western Europe in its full social, political and cultural context.
		Rosamond McKitterick's account of the Carolingian kings from Pippin III (751-768) to Louis V (986-987) is not told simply in terms of the rise and fall of a line which made,...
		The articles are intended to open the field of patristic scholarship and suggest new approaches and areas of research, and include full relevant bibliographical inforamtion for scholars of patristics, history of theology, intellectual history, medieval and Renaissance studies, as well as seventeenth- and eighteenth-century history.
	www.alibris.com /search/books/subject/Carolingians (555 words)

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