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Topic: Carrier Sense Multiple Access

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	Carrier sense multiple access with collision avoidance utilizing rotating time staggered access windows - Patent ...
		A variation which provides for shorter access times is to vary the network access token in a pseudo-random manner, i.e., to compute the next token from the current token by means of a pseudo-random sequence which cycles through all N node addresses during every N transmit frame times.
		The network access processor 12 is connected to the transmission cable 14 via a transmitter 30, receiver 32 and carrier sense logic 34.
		The access control processor 12 then clears the transmit go-ahead flag and sets the waiting to transmit flag and then waits while the synchronized transmit period and waiting access flags are set, the transmit window and transmit go-ahead flags are cleared and the carrier sense remains off.
	www.wikipatents.com /4628311.html (7756 words)

	Carrier sense multiple access with collision detection
		Multiple Access means that multiple (really: more than two) stations can share (or access) the network at a time.
		Carrier Sense means that a station that has data to transmit listens for a carrier before transmitting.
		A CSMA protocol can run without CD - the receiving station will detect an error in the received data, usually by calculating a check-sum (e.g., parity or CRC) - however, this is usually less efficient and has a lower theoretical bandwidth.
	www.ebroadcast.com.au /lookup/encyclopedia/cs/CSMA___CD.html (193 words)

	Carrier sense multiple access - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Carrier Sense Multiple Access (CSMA) is a probabilistic Media Access Control (MAC) protocol in which a node verifies the absence of other traffic before transmitting on a shared physical medium, such as an electrical bus, or a band of electromagnetic spectrum.
		In Carrier Sense Multiple Access With Collision Detection (CSMA/CD), sending nodes are able to detect when a collision occurs and stop transmitting immediately, backing off for a random amount of time before trying again.
		In Carrier Sense Multiple Access with Bitwise Arbitration (CSMA/BA), all of the nodes on the bus are assigned an identification number or priority code.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Carrier_Sense_Multiple_Access (560 words)

	CSMA/CD
		The Ethernet network may be used to provide shared access by a group of attached nodes to the physical medium which connects the nodes.
		A second element to the Ethernet access protocol is used to detect when a collision occurs.
		The scaling is performed by multiplication and is known as exponential back-off.
	www.erg.abdn.ac.uk /users/gorry/course/lan-pages/csma-cd.html (2299 words)

	CSMA/CD (Carrier Sense Multiple Access/Collision Detection) (Linktionary term)
		CSMA is a network access method used on shared network topologies such as Ethernet to control access to the network.
		MA (multiple access) indicates that many devices can connect to and share the same network.
		Even though devices attempt to sense whether the network is in use, there is a good chance that two stations will attempt to access it at the same time.
	www.linktionary.com /c/csma.html (380 words)

	CSMA/CD: a physical layer protocol for dealing with network collisions (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		CSMA/CD (carrier sense multiple access/collision detection) is the most widely used protocol (i.e., set of rules) for determining how network devices respond in the event of a collision.
		Carrier sense refers to the fact that a transmitting device listens for a carrier wave (i.e., a waveform that carries signals) before attempting to transmit.
		Collision detection is used to improve CSMA performance by terminating transmission as soon as a collision is detected, and reducing the probability of a second collision on the next try.
	www.bellevuelinux.org /csma_cd.html (389 words)

	DC Access: Wireless Pictures (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		The IEEE standard that specifies a carrier sense media access control and physical layer specifications for 1 and 2 megabit per second wireless LANs.
		The IEEE standard that specifies a carrier sense media access control and physical layer specifications for 5.5 and 11 megabit per second wireless LANs.
		Carrier Sense Multiple Access with Collision Avoidance (CSMA/CA):
	www.dcaccess.net /wireless/glossary.php (1001 words)

	Protocol Lab
		Carrier sense multiple access with collision detection means that the protocol for gaining access to the media will be based on doing a couple of simple things.
		This is the carrier sense portion of the protocol.
		The multiple access portion of the protocol has to do with the fact that multiple workstations can compete for the bandwidth on the LAN at the same time.
	www.vermontel.net /~rickeary/1_Lectures_v1/PL_Data_Link_Ethernet.htm (1532 words)

	Carrier Sense Multiple Access (CSMA)
		Carrier Sense Multiple Access (CSMA) in its basic form does not employ feedback other than positive acknowledgements of correct reception of a data packet.
		However, in mobile radio nets with fading channels, a mobile terminal might not be able to sense a transmission by another (remote) terminal.
		This effect, known as the "hidden-terminal" problem, is avoided in Inhibit Sense Multiple Access (ISMA), where the base station transmits a busy signal on an outbound channel to inhibit all other mobile terminals from transmitting as soon as an inbound packet is being received.
	wireless.per.nl /reference/chaptr06/csma/csma.htm (430 words)

	Carrier Sense Multiple Access with Collision Detect (CSMA/CD)
		Carrier sense— Each computer on the LAN is always listening for traffic on the wire to determine when gaps between frame transmissions occur.
		Collisions are used by Ethernet to control network access and shared bandwidth among connected stations that are trying to transmit at the same time on a shared medium, such as the network segment.
		Because the network is shared (multiple access), other stations on the same network segment might also attempt to send at the same time (Station B, for instance).
	www.installfirefox.net /LANSwitching_web/1587201003/ch05lev1sec2.html (830 words)

	ITNW 2313 - Exploring Access Methods
		Deterministic access methods are suitable for controlling some automated equipment because each piece of equipment is guaranteed access to the network at predetermined intervals.
		Carrier Sense Multiple Access with Collision Detection (CSMA/CD) is the access method utilized in Ethernet and IEEE 802.3.
		Carrier Sense Multiple Access with collision avoidance is the access mechanism used in Apple's LocalTalk network.
	www.delmar.edu /Courses/ITNW2313/access.htm (1754 words)

	Binary logarithmic arbitration method for carrier sense multiple access with collision detection network medium access ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		In any network in which multiple hosts are connected to a single shared communications channel (a multiaccess system), there must be a method to resolve which host gets to use the channel when there is contention.
		If a carrier is present, the host waits and checks for the end of the carrier or a collision.
		If a carrier (presumably from the successful host) is detected before the end of the timeout, then the host proceeds to state MoreBusy 85.
	www.freepatentsonline.com /5600651.html (6013 words)

	WildPackets - Media Access
		Carrier Sense means that before a station will "talk" onto an Ethernet wire, it will listen for the "carrier" that is present when another station is talking.
		Multiple Access refers to the fact that when a station is done transmitting it is allowed to immediately make another access to the medium (a 'multiple' access).
		This is as opposed to a Token-Ring network where a station is required to perform other tasks in-between accessing the medium (like releasing a token or sometimes releasing a management frame).
	www.wildpackets.com /support/compendium/ethernet/media_access/printable (270 words)

	Carrier sense multiple access with collision detection - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		CSMA/CD is a modification of pure Carrier Sense Multiple Access (CSMA).
		Collision detection is used to improve CSMA performance by terminating transmission as soon as a collision is detected, and reducing the probability of a second collision on retry.
		Ethernet uses a refinement of ALOHANET, known as Carrier Sense Multiple Access (CSMA), which improves performance when there is a higher medium utilisation.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Carrier_sense_multiple_access_with_collision_detection (507 words)

	Definition: multiple access (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Note: The three types of multiple access presently used with communications satellites are code-division, frequency-division, and time-division multiple access.
		In computer networking, a scheme that allows temporary access to the network by individual users, on a demand basis, for the purpose of transmitting information.
		Note: Examples of multiple access are carrier sense multiple access with collision avoidance (CSMA/CA) and carrier sense multiple access with collision detection (CSMA/CD).
	www.atis.org /tg2k/_multiple_access.html (155 words)

	Datacommunications Tutorial - www.L-com.com
		This standard dictates the use of CSMA/CD (Carrier Sense Multiple Access with Collision Detection) as its accessing scheme.
		Carrier Sense is analogous to the ability to listen to all conversations (network traffic).
		Multiple Access is the ability for multiple users to access the medium while data is transmitted.
	www.l-com.com /content/DatacommunicationsTutorial.aspx (1189 words)

	[No title]
		CSMA/CD is an acronym for ``Carrier Sense Multiple Access with Collision Detection'' and BASE is an abbreviation for ``baseband'' (as opposed to ``broadband'').
		Nyquist's theorem relates the bandwidth to the data rate by stating that the a data signal with a transmission rate 2W can be carried by frequency of W is sufficient to carry the data.
		The combination of carrier sensing to prevent transmissions that otherwise would result in collisions and collision detection to terminate incomplete transmissions that have collided increase the efficiency of Ethernet over ALOHA.
	www.cs.bsu.edu /homepages/peb/cs637/ethernet/concepts.htm (1458 words)

	Communication Protocols for Embedded Systems
		At the heart of the LAN is the media access protocol, which arbitrates (picks the next transmitter for) access to the shared network medium (typically a wire, fiber, or RF frequency).
		This mechanism, which is fundamentally enabled by the media access protocol, is highly desirable for many safety critical applications.
		Varied operating environments may dictate use of a media access protocol that is flexible in supporting multiple media as well as mixed topologies.
	www.ece.cmu.edu /~koopman/protsrvy/protsrvy.html (3183 words)

	CSMA
		Ethernet uses a shared bus topology, therefore multiple computers share access to a single medium.
		If no carrier is present, the computer can transmit, otherwise, it must wait for the sender to finish before proceeding.
		Because CSMA allows each computer to determine whether the bus is already in use, it prevents computers from interrupting each others’ outgoing transmissions.
	www2.rad.com /networks/2004/ethernet/csma.htm (228 words)

	Carrier Sense Multiple Access / Collision Detection
		To answer the question, of course there is control, and it comes in the form of CSMA/CD (Carrier Sense Multiple Access / Collision Detection), a part of the IEEE 802.3 standard covering both baseband and broadband networks.
		If a frame is transmitted using one packaging type it cannot be read by a device using a different packaging type, so if you’re designing a network you’ll need to ensure you use the same packaging type on all devices.
		All Ethernet MAC (Media Access Control) time-based transmission functions are measured by the amount of time it takes to transmit a single bit of data, this is more commonly called a bit-period.
	www.cramsession.com /articles/files/carrier-sense-multiple-ac-9162003-1125.asp (1079 words)

	Wireless Home Networking Kit - Glossary (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Carrier-Sense Multiple Access/Collision Avoidance (CSMA/CA) and Carrier-Sense Multiple Access/Collision Detection (CSMA/CD) are two common approaches to handling data collisions on a network segment.
		Once a lease expires on a device, a new IP address may or may not be assigned the next time that device attempts to connect to the network.
		Computers on a LAN are connected together via cables or wireless access points for the purpose of sharing applications, data, peripherals, or other resources.
	www.utexas.edu /its/wireless/glossary.html (1704 words)

	http:\\www.wholewiredworld.org\networking.htm\
		Network access (or access methods as it is more commonly referred to) is the method by which devices communicate on the network.
		Network access provides a standard that all devices that wish to communicate on the network must abide by in order to solve this problem.
		Carrier Sense Multiple Access/Collision Detection (CSMA/CD) is somewhat similar to how we humans communicate.
	library.thinkquest.org /C0130462/networking.htm (2095 words)

	Quality-of-Service in Ad Hoc Carrier Sense Multiple Access Wireless Networks (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Carrier sense multiple access (CSMA) is one of the most pervasive medium access control (MAC) schemes in ad hoc wireless networks.
		With this scheme, real-time nodes contend for access to the channel with pulses of energy--so called BB's--the durations of which are a function of the delay incurred by the nodes until the channel became idle.
		Its results are complemented with simulations that evaluate the performance of an ad hoc wireless LAN with a mixed population of data and real-time nodes.
	www.comsoc.org /sac/private/1999/aug/1353_17sac08-sobrinho.html (500 words)

	Network Tutorial: Protocol
		With this access method, it is normal to have collisions.
		However, the delay caused by collisions and retransmitting is very small and does not normally effect the speed of transmission on the network.
		The method used by LocalTalk is called CSMA/CA (Carrier Sense Multiple Access with Collision Avoidance).
	members.tripod.com /barhoush_2/protocol.htm (616 words)

	IEEE-802.3 Protocol
		Bus arbitration is performed on all versions of Ethernet using the CSMA / CD (Carrier Sense Multiple Access / Collision Detect) protocol.
		In CSMA / CD, all stations, on the same segment of cable, listen for the carrier signal.
		It is the link between the Data Link Layer and the Physical Layer of the OSI model, and logically resides in the lower portion of the Data Link Layer.
	www.apinforma.com /biblio/online/intro_to_networking/c4642.htm (3082 words)

	CSMA/CD - Carrier Sense Multiple Access with Collision Detection (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		CSMA/CD - Carrier Sensing Multiple Access with Collision Detection
		This is a MAC (Medium Access Control) technique which is used on an Ethernet LAN (Local Area Network).
		The technique requires all network devices to monitor the carrier to determine whether there is any traffic being sent prior to transmitting their information.
	www.mpirical.com /companion/Transmission/CSMA_CD.htm (86 words)

	ACRO.IT: CSMA-CA - Carrier Sense Multiple Access with Collision Avoidance
		ACRO.IT: CSMA-CA - Carrier Sense Multiple Access with Collision Avoidance
		CSMA-CA Carrier Sense Multiple Access with Collision Avoidance
		In no event shall ACRO.IT be liable for any special indirect or consequential damages or any damages whatsoever resulting from loss of income or profits, whether in an action of contract, negligence or other tortious action, arising in connection with the use or performance of the information on ACRO.IT web site.
	www.acro.it /CSMA-CA.html (189 words)

	What is CSMA/CD (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		A more elegant term for "who gets to talk" is to refer to the "media access method", which, in this case, would be "CSMA/CD".
		refers to the fact that when a station is done transmitting it is allowed to immediately make another access to the medium (a 'multiple' access).
		This is as opposed to a Token-Ring network where a station is required to perform other tasks inbetween accessing the medium (like releasing a token or sometimes releasing a management frame).
	www.netcolony.com /clifford/what_is_csmacd.htm (226 words)

	Carrier Sense Multiple Access / Collision Detect
		Carrier Sense Multiple Access / Collision Detect (CSMA/CD)
		This also means that whenever a station wants to transmit, it is likely to come into conflict with another station.
		This is why Carrier Sense Multiple Access/Collision Detect (CSMA/CD) was invented and why it is used as the transmission method for most kinds of Ethernet.
	www.inetdaemon.com /tutorials/lan/ethernet/CSMA-CD.shtml (190 words)

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