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Topic: Cartel

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	Cartel - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Cartels are prohibited by antitrust laws in most countries; however, they continue to exist nationally and internationally, formally and informally.
		Empirical studies of 20th century cartels have determined that the mean duration of discovered cartels is from 5 to 8 years.
		However, once a cartel is broken, the incentives to form the cartel return and the cartel may be re-formed.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Cartel (544 words)

	Encyclopedia: Cartel (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		In a study of a large number of freight cartels in the early twentieth century, it was found that approximately half of shipping conferences were of a stricter variety that included mechanisms like the pool or coordinated schedules.
		This is consistent with other works on cartels that have found that the fewer the number of firms, the easier it is to negotiate a cartel contract.
		On the one hand, there is a school of thought that the cartel behavior is clearly detrimental, because through their participation in cartels firms are able to charge higher rates than would otherwise be obtained.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Cartel (1555 words)

	cartel - Hutchinson encyclopedia article about cartel
		Cartels can be formed to fix prices by maintaining the price of a product at an artificially low level, to deter new competitors, or to restrict production of a commodity in order to maintain prices at an artificially high level to boost profits.
		The members of a cartel may also agree on which member should win a contract, known as bid rigging, or which customers they will supply.
		OPEC, for example, is an example of a transnational cartel restricting the output of a commodity, in this case oil.
	encyclopedia.farlex.com /cartel (378 words)

	cartel. The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. 2001-05 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		The existence of cartels is in opposition to classic theories of economic competition and the free market, and they are forbidden by law in many nations.
		Cartels were blamed for having benefited German aggression by furnishing markets, profits, and technical data to Germany before World War II.
		Because they imply the agreement and supervision of several governments, cartels in international trade are usually felt to be less harmful than those that tend to create monopolies in the home market for participants.
	www.bartleby.com /65/ca/cartel.html (411 words)

	Cali Cartel - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Cali Cartel (Spanish: Cartel de Cali) is a drug cartel based in the south part of Colombia, around the city of Cali.
		According to some estimates at its height the Cali Cartel controlled 80% of the cocaine exports from Colombia to the United States.
		Some observers consider the cartel to have fragmented somewhat in recent years, and that it does not hold as much power as it once did, due to law enforcement efforts and the emergence of smaller cartels, though many of its newer members and drug trade routes still continue to operate.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Cali_Cartel (170 words)

	Cartel: A Glossary of Political Economy Terms - Dr. Paul M. Johnson
		This they normally accomplish by agreeing on a relatively high common asking price for their product that none of the member firms will be permitted underbid, but sometimes the member firms may simply agree to divide the market geographically and grant each other local monopolies without necessarily enforcing a uniform price structure.
		However, in the United States, Great Britain and most other advanced democratic capitalist states, cartel agreements are normally either unenforceable in the courts or are held to be positively illegal as "restraints on trade" that are contrary to the public interest because of their adverse effects on consumers.
		Even in those countries that outlaw private cartels, however, it has often been possible for politically powerful but economically endangered high cost producer firms in a few industries to secure the "cartelization" of their industry in a back-door fashion.
	www.auburn.edu /~johnspm/gloss/cartel.html (331 words)

	cartel on Encyclopedia.com
		CARTEL [cartel], national or international organization of manufacturers or traders allied by agreement to fix prices, limit supply, divide markets, or to fix quotas for sales, manufacture, or division of profits among the member firms.
		Cartels choke on gluts of raw material; producers of tin are only the latest to learn what happens when you try too hard to control commodity prices.
		Cartel de Aristide en Puerto PrÃncipe Ciudadanos haitianos caminan frente a un cartel del presidente Jean Bertrand Aristid.
	www.encyclopedia.com /html/c1/cartel.asp (1404 words)

	.:: cartel communications ::. (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		CarTel Communications is a dynamic, well established company at the forefront of mobile communications technology.
		Established in 1983 CarTel has grown rapidly to become one of the Midlands leading suppliers of two-way radio, mobile data and trunked radio systems.
		Cartel’s philosophy is simple: it offers specially tailored, cost effective systems coupled with a genuine commitment to its rapidly expanding customer base.
	www.cartel.co.uk (113 words)

	Speech
		The objectives of the lysine cartel and the methods the conspirators used are common among the international cartels that we have detected in the last few years.
		The members of the cartel had to be careful because the meeting coincided with the largest poultry industry trade association convention, so all of their customers were in town for the trade show.
		Documents prepared by members of the cartel for various meetings reveal that the cartel, over the course of a full decade, was nearly always successful in coordinating and implementing the agreed-upon or "budgeted" price increases for the many products controlled by the cartel and in adhering to the precisely allocated market shares around the world.
	www.usdoj.gov /atr/public/speeches/4489.htm (5393 words)

	Latest Cartel News (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Cartel had parted company with their management earlier in the year due to good old creative differences, and, as the stress heightened, the lads decided they needed someone to take the reigns...
		Cartel's new live set is almost entirely written and produced by the band members, and we can promise it will be something very very special.
		Cartel have spent the last year developing a genuinely unique sound, that you won't be hearing anywhere else.
	www15.brinkster.com /cartelboys/bio.html (2391 words)

	Untitled Document (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		The positioning strategy of Café Cartel will be relaxing, youthful, and american-style to target customers between the age of 15 and 45 which makes up a large proportion of the population in Singapore.
		Café Cartel aims to be the first café in Singapore to offer New York Style food with a difference.
		Our vision is to transform Café Cartel to become the largest and most profitable homegrown food and beverage franchise both locally and overseas.
	www.cafecartel.com.sg (205 words)

	AllRefer.com - cartel (Economics: Terms And Concepts) - Encyclopedia
		In that it often has international scope the cartel is broader than the trust, and in that it carries on manufacture it differs from the speculative corner or ring.
		Supporters of cartels claim that they protect the weaker participating firms, do away to an extent with limitations on trade resulting from high tariffs, distribute risks and profits equitably, stabilize markets, reduce costs, and hence protect consumers.
		Although not referred to as cartels, these agreements have the same general effect on world trade.
	reference.allrefer.com /encyclopedia/C/cartel.html (474 words)

	Artists (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Cartel sees themselves as minstrels of their day, offering songs about life and love that have always captured the human soul.
		Cartel arrived back in five pieces from the Land of the Rising Sun, where they made many new friends and are now considered golden shinto gods.
		The Cartel album cover is available for viewing exclusively over at ap.net and can be seen first, the same place you will be able to hear "Chroma" first.
	www.themilitiagroup.com /militiagroup/artists.php?aid=18&bio=on (1552 words)

	cartel -- Encyclopædia Britannica
		Members of a cartel maintain their separate identities and financial independence...
		Rodríguez was the sixth cartel leader to be arrested over a two-month period.
		The rise of the cartels boosted the drug trade worldwide and precipitated major foreign policy disputes between the United States and Colombia, Bolivia, and Peru.
	www.britannica.com /eb/article-9020540?&query=cartel (532 words)

	THE MENDELLIN CARTEL
		The first concept that someone who is learning about the "cartels" of Colombia needs to understand is that they are not really cartels in the sense that most people have come to understand the word.
		The Colombian cartels are really just a group of drug dealers that come from the same city and who made a name for themselves early and rose to prominence in the drug trafficking industry.
		The Medellin cartel as the media first called it is supposed to have been formed in 1978 when Carlos Lehder's purchased a large portion of Normans Cay, a small island off the coast of the Bahamas.
	filebox.vt.edu /users/tyjones/COLOMBIAWEBSITEPROJ/MEDELLIN.htm (354 words)

	Latest Cartel News (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Cartel will also be the headline guests at a special media launch for the club, which is VIP, invite-only in Dublin City's beautiful Viva Bar on Wednesday.
		Cartel will be at the party to promote the show to the music industryand press, so (if you've missed the boys all over the press again last weekend) keep you eyes peeled 'cause their mugs should be popping up in every major newspaper and magazine this week!
		Cartel (just finished their stint on an area tour with Westlife) and A1 (fresh from a run of number one singles in the UK and hits around the world) will be joining forces and rocking the Olympia for this strictly over-18's event!
	www15.brinkster.com /cartelboys/a.html (2549 words)

	Cartel Electronics, Inc.
		At Cartel Electronics, we believe that quality starts with knowledge, it is impacted by material choices and process controls, it is tested and inspected but it can only be measured by customer satisfaction.
		Because Cartel is not a "Rep" we are an integral part of the process.
		Cartel tracks the production progress, and upon receipt performs first article cross section analysis, data comparative electrical testing, and visual inspection all to ensure you receive the board you designed.
	www.cartelelectronics.com /facility.html (1013 words)

	THE CALI CARTEL
		The structure and reason for the Cali Cartel being called a cartel is the same for that of the Medellin Cartel.
		The Medellin cartel started trying to move into the New York territory and accused the Cali cartel of collaborating with the Colombian government to have leaders of the Medellin cartel arrested.
		This lead to the very bloody war between the cartels where many Colombian citizens were killed and also a lot of drug dealers and gang members are reported to have died because of this war.
	fbox.vt.edu /users/tyjones/COLOMBIAWEBSITEPROJ/CALI.htm (736 words)

	Cartel 2000 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		The "Cartel" is a chance for key technical staff in the distributed computing and networking areas to get together to compare notes, talk shop, discuss common problems and solutions, and generally broaden their horizons.
		See the MIT Cartel home page for some info about the group's history and some past agendas.
		Cartel 1999 pages for info about last year's event at Cornell.
	staff.washington.edu /rlmorgan/misc/cartel.2000 (126 words)

	Serpent Cartel (Earth-712, Avengers/Squadron Supreme foes)
		Rockefeller was chosen to serve as the candidate for U.S. president, and the Cartel gave him the Crown to use its powers of suggestion to mesmerize viewers of his speeches on TV.
		Actually, some of the characters he revealed as Cartel members had not made their (or their Earth-616 counterparts') first published appearance at the time that the original Avengers stories were published, including Obadiah Stane, Justin Hammer, and Sebastian Shaw.
		I assume that "Cadre Cartel" was nothing more that the name that the cartel used in their dealings with the public and that "Serpent Cartel" was their true name, known only to their members.
	www.marvunapp.com /Appendix/cartel.htm (1080 words)

	Cartel Industries
		Cartel Industries is an Australian registered private company looking to establish itself as a forward thinking company looking to leverage viable business opportunities in the Asia-Pacific region.
		A culture of innovation is a central tenant to Cartel's practices and this is represented through the implementation of pioneering business thought and processes in the ventures it is involved in.
		If you are interested in working with Cartel Industries in any industry visit the contact page in order to establish a dialogue.
	www.cartel-industries.com (97 words)

	DCist: DCist Music Interview: Cartel (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		With a dreamy, anthemic pop sound that seems more at home in Manchester than Washington, Cartel is one of many local groups who are breaking the mold of the traditional D.C. music scene.
		Cartel, and others like Washington Social Club, are proving that smart, captivating pop music can survive and flourish in a town known for its relentlessly brooding hardcore bands.
		Bracken Records in the UK are releasing a limited 7” single across the pond and cuts from Cartel’s self-titled EP have recently been thrown into rotation on the trend-setting WOXY out of Cincinnati.
	www.dcist.com /archives/2005/03/14/dcist_music_interview_cartel.php (1991 words)

	Declaring Economic War on the Power Cartel (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		The seller’s cartel is not nameless or faceless.
		In particular, when the market price is controlled by a cartel or where scarcity is exploited by producers in a market where barriers to entry are significant, then these producers have a compelling economic incentive to physically or economically withhold power in order to drive up price.
		However, as an ancillary weapon to bolster the formation of a buyer’s cartel, the state would be very well advised to lay the foundation for the forced purchase of many, or all, of the privately-held base load plants located in California.
	www.ucan.org /cartelrep2.htm (6673 words)

	Police Press Cali Cartel
		Authorities say that only recently the Cali drug cartel has been able to overcome some internal stresses on their illegal operation that was caused by several high-level arrests in 1995.
		The pressure on the cartel is not only coming from inside of the United States.
		In Colombia, in 1995, six of the highest- ranking members of the cartel were arrested.
	www.emergency.com /calipres.htm (831 words)

	Joining the libertarian cartel at Mall Road (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		The last person to join the cartel was Kunal.
		The High Council of the Cartel has to spot you as an emerging star in the fight against communism and socialism.
		As Grand Lord of the Cartel, let me tell you that membership to the cartel is by invitation only.
	www.shivamvij.com /2006/01/joining-the-libertarian-cartel (719 words)

	Cartel Industries LLC Percision Sheet Metal Fabrication Cutting Welding Stamping - Irvine California
		ISO 9001:2000 Certified, Cartel Industries has manufactured quality sheet metal products in Orange County for over thirty years.
		Cartel is a highly technical company, capable of servicing a wide range of industries throughout the world at a competitive price.
		Cartel Industries LLC - 17152 Armstrong Avenue -
	www.cartelind.com (124 words)

	News: Cartel Tech Demo 2.0 - GamersHell.com
		This new playable demo (v2.0) offers the same level as the previous version (the 'Mansion Level', in which you must sneak into the mansion of a drug boss and kill him), but there are tons of improvements and new features, such as new cutscenes, new level design, new music & sound effects, and more.
		“Cartel” is a high-tech, action packed, Hollywood style first person shooter that will become the defining game in the Special Operations and Tactical Warfare genre on the Xbox or PS3 console system.
		You will be trained in the latest unconventional warfare tactics, state of the art weaponry, and the most sophisticated instrumentation of the twenty-first century.
	www.gamershell.com /news/5481.html (880 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Often the participants are multinational corporations which operate across numerous borders and have little or no loyalty to any home country, and great loyalty to profits.
		The most prominent cartel is OPEC (Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries), which represents all of the oil producing countries in the Middle East, North Africa and Venezuela.
		Many cartels operate behind a veil of secrecy, particularly since under American antitrust laws (the Sherman and Clayton Acts) they are illegal.
	dictionary.law.com /definition2.asp?selected=146&bold=\|\|\|\| (118 words)

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