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	Cartimandua - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Cartimandua's rule over Brigantia was already established when emperor Claudius began the organized conquest of Britain.
		With her husband and warlord Venutius of the Carvetii tribe, Cartimandua forged an alliance with the Romans.
		Cartimandua went as far as to capture Caratacus, the most ferocious Celtic resistant and offered him to Claudius, who exibited him in his triumph.
	www.encyclopedia-online.info /Cartimandua (240 words)

	Brigantes - Encyclopedia.WorldSearch (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		In the beginning, led by their queen Cartimandua and her husband Venutius, they were on friendly terms with the Romans, acting as a "client-kingdom", a nominally independent ally beholden to Roman power.
		Cartimandua had apparently tired of him and married his armour-bearer, Vellocatus, who she elevated to the kingship in Venutius's place.
		Cartimandua was evacuated and Venutius took the kingdom.
	encyclopedia.worldsearch.com /brigantes.htm (371 words)

	The Heroic Age: Brigantia, Cartimandua and Gwenhwyfar
		Cartimandua's husband was acknowledged as king, assuming the role as the Brigantian warlord.
		Cartimandua was capable of such behavior because she was a living representative of the goddess of sovereignty, Brigantia (Koch 1995:39-40; Ross 1996:354-355).
		The triad of Cartimandua, Venutius, and Vellocatus bear a remarkable resemblance to the Arthurian triad of Gwenhwyfar, Arthur and Medraut.
	www.mun.ca /mst/heroicage/issues/1/habcg.htm (3425 words)

	Encyclopedia: Cartimandua (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Cartimandua's rule over the Brigantes was probably already established when emperor Claudius began the organized conquest of Britain in AD 43, and certainly by the time a revolt of a faction of the Brigantes was defeated by Publius Ostorius Scapula in 48.
		With her consort, Venutius, whom some have identified as a member of the Carvetii nation, Cartimandua forged an alliance with the Romans.
		In about 51 AD Cartimandua handed over the British resistance leader Caratacus, who had fled north after being defeated by Publius Ostorius Scapula in Wales, to the Romans.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Cartimandua (817 words)

	Cartimandua
		Cartimandua initially supported the Romans in exchange for being allowed to maintain control of her lands - a practice known as "client-kingship".
		But it also indicates the extent to which Cartimandua owed her continued power to her alliance with the Romans.
		Cartimandua soon had cause to be grateful to her Roman allies; in 57 AD her husband Venutius tried to oust her and sieze power for himself, but the Romans put down the rebellion.
	www.britainexpress.com /History/roman/cartimandua.htm (238 words)

	Brigantes
		Initially the Brigantes, under the lead of their queen, Cartimandua, were on friendly terms with the Romans, acting as a "client-kingdom".
		In fact, it was Cartimandua who betrayed Caratacus to the Romans, thus depriving Celtic Britain of its most influential and steadfast resistance leader.
		Cartimandua had cause to be grateful to her Roman allies; in 57 AD her husband Venutius tried to sieze power, but the Romans put down the rebellion.
	www.britainexpress.com /History/roman/brigantes.htm (458 words)

	Quintus Petillius Cerialis
		For Cartimandua, friendship with Rome would have meant help, when necessary, against Venutius who was possibly an indigenous tribal leader and who is singled out for comment by Tacitus for his qualities as a warrior.
		Instead, Cartimandua felt sufficiently confident in her Roman alliance to run the risk of local political ‘fall-out’, and handed the British leader over to Rome.
		It may be that this act of betrayal precipitated the first outbreak of trouble between Cartimandua and her husband.
	www.geocities.com /albioncelt/per (3348 words)

	BRIGANTES
		A test of Cartimandua's loyalty to emperor Claudius in Rome came after the crushing defeat of the British warlord Caratacus in mid-Wales by the Roman legate Ostorius Scapula.
		Her husband was favoured by the sentiments of all the citizens; the adulterer was supported by the queen's passion for him and by her savage spirit.
		During this uprising, Cartimandua had to be rescued by an ala of Roman auxiliary cavalry sent specifically for this purpose by the governor who was occupied against the Silures in south Wales.
	www.roman-britain.org /tribes/brigantes.htm (1968 words)

	Roman Britain (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		By that her enemies were incensed, stimulated by disgrace, lest they should be subject to the rule of a woman; warriors, strong and picked for prowess, invaded her kingdom.
		Cartimandua was the ruler of the Brigantes, mighty in her illustrious birth.
		Her house was immediately shattered by the outrage: the husband had the passion of the tribe, the adulterer had the queen's lust and cruelty.
	www.lamp.ac.uk /~noy/roman15.htm (1972 words)

	Romans in Britain - The Brigantes tribe (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		A test of Cartimandua's loyalty to emperor Claudius in Rome came after the defeat of the British warlord in mid-Wales by the Roman legate Ostorius Scapula.
		In 53AD, Venutius divorced Cartimandua and formed a sub-tribe of his own, attacking Cartimandua's base and causing the new Roman governor, Aulus Didius Gallus to send a number of auxiliary cohorts to her aid.
		Cartimandua continued to rule the Brigantes for a number of years with her own armour-bearer, Vellocatus, as her consort.
	www.romans-in-britain.org.uk /clb_tribe_brigantes.htm (1262 words)

	Cartimandua -- Facts, Info, and Encyclopedia article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		With her consort, (Click link for more info and facts about Venutius) Venutius, possibly a warlord of the (Click link for more info and facts about Carvetii) Carvetii tribe; Cartimandua forged an alliance with the Romans.
		He tried to take away Cartimandua's authority, but she appealed to the Romans for aid.
		Cartimandua convinced the Roman's that if Venutius took over, he would be disloyal.
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/c/ca/cartimandua.htm (263 words)

	Bryn Mawr Classical Review 97.11.18
		Cartimandua's treachery is then compounded by her adultery with the "squire" of her consort, Venutius.
		Ghosts of Imperial Rome tend to stalk Tacitus' narratives of provincial affairs and perhaps in the faithless, libidinous Cartimandua we are meant to see an echo of Messalina.
		He argues that whereas Cartimandua was portrayed as a queen, Boudica is depicted as a woman, thus liberating her from the general censure that B. believes Tacitus held in reserve for queens.
	ccat.sas.upenn.edu /bmcr/1997/97.11.18.html (1564 words)

	New Direction on an Old Road, by Nessa (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Cartimandua was drawn by the dark sexuality of this one and was soon finding her face in the pillow while being brutally fucked in her own tender ass.
		Realizing that Cartimandua was somehow aligning with the Romans while her Celtic kin were dying, the warrior dropped the strap and drew her sword.
		Cartimandua was sure it was the fault of Morgan and the warrior, Nessa, that her people and her own army were deserting her.
	kindredspiritlodge.tripod.com /Bards/Nessa3/NewDirection.html (6284 words)

	Brigantes Nation Fremington Hagg
		Tacitus records the events following the divorce of Venutius, when Cartimandua was kept on her throne by force of Roman arms, and fighting may have continued until the end of the governorship of Gallus (Annals, xii, 40).
		The circumstances of the find, although our total knowledge at present confined to the name of the find spot, would nevertheless seem to indicate a cache of loot taken after an engagement and hidden by a follower of Venutius, never to be recovered.
		Cartimandua, feeling the effect of this loss of territory, retaliated by attacking Venutius at Reeth.
	www.brigantesnation.com /SiteResearch/Roman/FramingtonHagg/FremingtonHagg.htm (337 words)

	Cartimandua- graphics and full description for this one-of-a-kind sculpture and collectible fine art angel figurine by ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Cartimandua exemplifies the unity of existence by combining the symbols of the Four Elements within herself: Her wings represent Air and thought: her flaming hair represents Fire and action: her fish tail represents Water and emotion: and her human head and upper body represent Earth and integration.
		Cartimandua is dressed in an elaborate bolero of golden and faux pearl beads and sequins, based upon the rich costumes of Vedic India and hinting at ancient mysteries.
		Cartimandua rests momentarily on a cloud and displays her sceptor.
	www.lindonangels.com /angelbios/cartimandua2.htm (241 words)

	Cartimandua (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Cartimandua was the queen of Brigantia, a British tribe in northern England (Yorkshire), during the time of the Roman invasion of Britain.
		Cartimandua's consort, Venutius, called her a traitor and attempted to have her overthrown but he was unsuccessful after the Romans came to Cartimandua's aid.
		For a while Cartimandua ruled jointly with Venutius, but when he made another attempt to overthrow her, she took Vellocatus, a royal armor-bearer, as her consort.
	www.distinguishedwomen.com /biographies/cartimandua.html (254 words)

	Huddersfield One - Tolson Museum Booklets - Early Man in the District of Huddersfield, The Dawn of History - The Coming ...
		The tribe may be racially connected with the Brigantes who lived on the eastern shore of Lake Constance (compare the Parisii of the Humber with the people who have given their name to Paris).
		Caratacus, the leader of the Welsh in their struggles with the Romans, was defeated in 51 A.D. and fled to the court of Cartimandua.
		She had married a chieftain Venutius but had quarreled with him, and in the cheerful fashion of the times had murdered some of his relatives.
	huddersfield1.co.uk /huddersfield/tolson/early_man/coming_romans.htm (2184 words)

	Boudica (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		The two most famous were Cartimandua, queen of the Brigantes, and Boudica, queen of the Iceni.
		Cartimandua capitulated to Rome soon after the Claudian conquest and grew rich and prosperous as a result.
		And, when the Iceni rebelled, it was Cartimandua who held back the tribe, the largest in Britain, from coming to their aid.
	itsa.ucsf.edu /~snlrc/encyclopaedia_romana/britannia/boudica/boudicastatue.html (356 words)

	Cartimandua (The Romans) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Her name was Cartimandua and she ruled over a loose association of clans and tribes called the Brigantes.
		In AD 51 Cartimandua proved her loyalty by turning over the British rebel leader Caratacus to the Roman authorities and in AD 60 the Brigantes took no part in Boudicca’s rebellion.
		The relationship probably benefited both sides: the Romans helped Cartimandua to keep control over the opposing factions among her people, while the Romans had a buffer state between them and more hostile tribes further to the north.
	arch.wyjs.org.uk /AdvSrv/RomanWeb/Cartimandua.htm (566 words)

	Folklore Posts by Kozmik_Ken \| The Modern Antiquarian \| Folklore Posts by Kozmik_Ken
		Queen Cartimandua of the Briganitines is said to have used the hill as her stronghold during the Brigantine Civil War against her ex-husband Venutius.
		Cartimandua was a client ruler of the Romans.
		The Roman name for the hill was Camulodunum (not to be confused with Colchester), which has lead to suspicions that Castle Hill was Arthur's Camelot.
	www.themodernantiquarian.com /user/4120/folklore (760 words)

	Brigantes Rebellion
		Cartimandua was Queen of the Brigantes the largest British tribe.
		Cartimandua fearing the power of the Roman legions forged an alliance with Rome.
		Cartimandua's decision to hand him over to the Romans at Stanwick (not far from Richmond) was seen by many as betrayal.
	dspace.dial.pipex.com /town/parade/hq69/Pages/his_brg.html (383 words)

	The Heroic Age: Brigantia, Cartimandua and Gwenhwyfar, N/B
		Higham (1987) believes that the massive fortifications at Stanwick were built by Cartimandua and it was occupied only during her reign.
		Webster discusses (1993:32) the likelihood that Caratacus had fled to Cartimandua in an effort to recruit the Brigantes to his cause against Rome.
		Tacitus's Annals account (12.40, 2-7; Koch 1995:39) states he was fettered after trying to persuade Cartimandua to join his cause, while the Histories (3.45; Koch 1995:39-40) state she captured him by deceit.
	www.mun.ca /mst/heroicage/issues/1/habcg2.htm (1961 words)

	MARCUS VETTIUS BOLANUS (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		During his tenura as governor of Britain, Cartimandua the queen of the Brigantes tribe of northern England, deposed her consort Venutius in favour of her armour-bearer Vellocatus.
		Venutius in revenge fomented the Brigantian revolution and the elderly queen had to be rescued by a force of Batavian horse and foot soldiers sent by Bolanus.
		"Then she [Cartimandua] asked the Romans for protection, and in fact some companies of our foot and horse, after meeting with indifferent success in a number of engagements, finally succeeded in rescuing the queen from danger.
	www.roman-britain.org /people/bolanus.htm (317 words)

	Roman Conquest North East England Timeline (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		The North-East was part of the territory of the Brigantes, a tribe that was led by a woman called Cartimandua.
		Tribal support for Venutius, the husband of the Brigantian queen Cartimandua, is growing after the queen betrayed the popular British rebel Caractacus and revealed his whereabouts to the Romans.
		Cartimandua has divorced Venutius and is planning to marry her new lover Vellocatus who had been the armour-bearer of her husband.
	www.thenortheast.fsnet.co.uk /01TimelineRomanConquest.htm (429 words)

	Brigit : Keepers of the Sacred Flame (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Their queen, Cartimandua, chose to support the Roman invasion instead of joining with the nearby Icenii who strived against them.
		Because of her decision to ally with Rome, Cartimandua was always in fear that the Brigantians would revolt against her.
		Both Cartimandua and Venutius called for the aid of the Romans, and soon it became a battle between the Romans themselves.
	www.shadowdrake.com /celtic/brigit.html (15149 words)

	Kelttinaiset
		Hänen aikalaisensa Cartimandua, brigantes-heimon kuningatar, hallitsi suurta aluetta Englannin pohjoisosissa vuodesta 43 vuoteen 69.
		Cartimandua, "Kiiltävä Poni", oli liitossa roomalaisten kanssa, mutta toisen brigantes-kuningattaren kerrotaan johtaneen joukkonsa roomalaisten varuskuntaa vastaan ja polttaneen sen. Cartimandua oli voimakastahtoinen henkilö.
		Cartimandua avioitui sitten entisen miehensä autonkuljettajan, ei vaan vaunujenohjaajan, kanssa, joka oli nimeltään Vellocatos.
	www.saunalahti.fi /penelope/Feminism/keltit.html (2395 words)

	Caractacus
		He was chieftain of the Catuvellauni during the rein of the Roman emperor Claudius, and lead a rebellion against the Roman propraetor Ostorious.
		His guerilla war first gained the support of the Iceni (still stinging with the defeat of Boudicca), followed by the Silures and Ordovices, but not the most powerful confederation of Britain, the Brigantes, who were ruled by Cartimandua.
		When Caractacus lost a major battle and his family and brothers were taken in bondage, he escaped to the woods, later to seek refuge with Cartimandua.
	www.maryjones.us /jce/caractacus.html (471 words)

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