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[No title] The environmental conditions during caryopsis development and maturation greatly affect the appearance of sorghum because the panicle or head is readily exposed to biotic and abiotic agents (Castor and Frederiksen 1980; Glueck and Rooney 1980). Caryopsis traits such as endosperm hardness, a pigmented testa layer, and red pericarp color are related with grain mold resistance (Glueck and Rooney 1980; Jambunathan et al. Evidence of increased AFP induction in sorghum caryopsis in response to stress (wounding or soaking) was demonstrated using white sorghums without a pigmented testa [Dorado (resistant to grain mold) and RTx2536 (susceptible to grain mold)]. www.icrisat.org /text/research/grep/homepage/sgmm/chapter4.htm   (7096 words)

Wikinfo | Caryopsis In botany, a caryopsis is a type of simple dry fruit — one that is moncarpelate (formed from a single carpel) and indehiscent (not opening at maturity) and resembles an achene, except that in a caryopsis the pericarp is fused with the thin seed coat. The caryopsis is loosely called a grain and is the fruit typical of the Family Poaceae. Considering that the fruit wall and the seed are intimately fused into a single unit, and the caryopsis or grain is a dry fruit, it is not surprising that in general usage little concern is given to technically separating the terms "fruit" and "seed" in these plant structures. www.wikinfo.org /wiki.php?title=Caryopsis   (236 words)

Sorghum and millets in human nutrition The kernels of sorghum and pearl millet are of the caryopsis type, in which the pericarp is completely fused to the endosperm. In the sorghum caryopsis, the epidermis is composed of thick, elongated, rectangular cells which have a coating of cutin on the outer surface. The pericarp of the pearl millet caryopsis consists of an epicarp with one or two cell layers, a mesocarp that varies in thickness because of genetic factors and an endocarp made up of cross and tube cells. www.fao.org /DOCREP/T0818e/T0818E02.htm   (1195 words)

Professional Pasta - Pasta raw materials The caryopsis of the wheat (grain) is structured as in the diagram we have published, independently of whether it is "durum" or "soft", or whether it is cultivated in the great flood plains of the Ukraine, or in the ex-prairies of North America. In the external layers of the caryopsis, the chemical characteristics are given by the concentration of cellulose (fibre), minerals, and protein. The external part of the wheat caryopsis is largely made up of indigestible and irritating parts (cellulose and lignin) as well as minerals (ashes) that can interact, creating undesirable compositions during the technological production processes of both dried and fresh pasta. www.professionalpasta.it /dir_1/flour_1.htm   (825 words)

CARYOPSIS Articles In botany, a caryopsis is a type of   (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19) In botany, a caryopsis is a type of simple dry fruit — one that is monocarpelate (formed from a single carpel) and indehiscent (not opening at maturity) and resembles an achene, except that in a caryopsis the pericarp is fused with the thin seed coat. The caryopsis is popularly called a grain and is the fruit typical of the family Poaceae (or Gramineae), such as wheat, rice, and corn. Considering that the fruit wall and the seed are intimately fused into a single unit, and the caryopsis or grain is a dry fruit, it is not surprising that in general usage little concern is given to technically separating the terms "fruit" and "seed" in these plant structures. www.amazines.com /Caryopsis_related.html   (410 words)

Amazon.com: caryopsis   (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19) Tetraploids of the genus Triticum in the light of caryopsis structure (Acta Universitatis Wratislaviensis) by Romuald Kosina (Unknown Binding - 1995) The structure of the caryopsis of grasses with reference to their morphology and classification (U.S. Dept. of Agriculture. Caryopsis morphology and classification in the Triticeae (Pooideae:Poaceae) (SuDoc SI 1.29:83) by Edward E. Terrell (Unknown Binding - 1993) www.amazon.com /s?ie=UTF8&search-alias=aps&keywords=caryopsis&page=1   (616 words)

BGN 17: Allelic relationships of genes for naked caryopsis mutants in barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) Allelic relationships of genes for naked caryopsis character of barley in three different hulless mutant lines of hulled variety 'HBL 110' and a hulless variety 'Dolmal were investigated. Naked caryopsis (hulless) mutants in barley are characterized by complete detachability of the hulls (lemma and palea) on threshing, whereas in covered (hulled) barleys hull remains completely attached with the grain on threshing. The objectives of the study were: (a) to ascertain the allelic relationships of the mutated genes and (b) to ascertain the number of genes controlling expression of the mutant phenotype. grain.jouy.inra.fr /ggpages/bgn/17/a17-13.html   (783 words)

Caryopsis - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia In botany, a caryopsis is a type of simple dry fruit — one that is monocarpelate (formed from a single carpel) and indehiscent (not opening at maturity) and resembles an achene, except that in a caryopsis the pericarp is fused with the thin seed coat. The caryopsis is popularly called a grain and is the fruit typical of the family Poaceae (or Gramineae), such as wheat, rice, and corn. The term grain is also used in a more general sense as synonymous with cereal (as in cereal grains, which include some non-Gramineae)). en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Caryopsis   (186 words)

Cereal Chem 1997 | Microstructure and Composition of Digitaria exilis Stapf (acha): A Potential Crop. Microstructure of the mature caryopsis of Digitaria exilis Stapf was studied by light and scanning electron microscopy and compared to chemical composition. The general structure of the caryopsis was similar to that of other grains, notably the millets. Thin bracts (the palea and lemma) and two glumes encased the caryopsis which consists of the thin, compressed layers of pericarp, testa, and cuticle surrounding the endosperm and embryonic tissues. www.aaccnet.org /cerealchemistry/abstracts/1997/0401-07R.asp   (311 words)

Olio di riso “Caryopsis “ insinuates mortal assonances, evoking the image of an inexorable insect devoted to rot and oxidise the health of what he rots, a “woodworm of health “, that to make healthy the rice oil is (luckily!) set apart for principle and since the beginning. Indeed - the explanation results unequivocal - the rice oil extraction is made “after setting apart the caryopsis “. Since the “caryopsis “ is not other but the grain, if it is not made of grains (called “caryopsis “ so it is less noted, and further...and then the amid oil...), of what is done this rice oil? www.cesil.com /0700/INGLESE/Angele2.htm   (357 words)

Items from the Russian Federation. Plants with caryopses of different colors in a spike were discovered among matromorphic progenies that were produced by pollinating flowers of a summer soft wheat with the pollen of summer barley (Kyzlasov 1998). Caryopsis pigmentation is displayed in a phenotype as a result of a complementary interaction of two hypostatic genes of xenia. This hypothesis is proved by the fact that the progeny of such plants segregate according to unusual genetic patterns (e.g., 1 pigmented : 3 light-colored caryopses, 1 pigmented : 2 light-colored caryopsis, 1 pigmented : 1 light-colored caryopsis, 2 pigmented: 1 light-colored caryopsis, or 9 pigmented: 1 light-colored caryopsis). wheat.pw.usda.gov /ggpages/awn/47/Textfiles/RUSSIA.html   (8447 words)

Fox Caryopsis   (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19) The circular, reddish disk is the placental pad (right, center), and is distal (left) to the placental pore. Note shiny suberized caryopsis coat, with dark spots, restricting water and gas entry to placental pore region (right center). The clear-colored floral remnants (stigma, anthers) of the top, center caryopsis can be seen on the distal (left) end. www.agron.iastate.edu /~weeds/Fox/FoxSeed/caryopsis.html   (255 words)

Old World Bluestem: Planting, Stand Establishment, and Early Stand Production Management, with Considerations for Other ... Naked caryopsis tends to require better soil moisture relationships and can be damaged more than chaffy seed by direct fertilizer contact. Chaffy seed is somewhat protected from physical damage, insects, and disease by the bracts, or chaff, around the caryopsis. Total emergence is satisfactory with naked caryopsis but may be better with chaffy seed. www.noble.org /Ag/Forage/OldWorldBluestem/page5.html   (1624 words)

Mass allocation and self-burial of Aristida tuberculosa florets We examined the influence of soil fertility on mass allocation in Aristida plants and florets, and the consequences of relative investment in caryopsis and awn for self-burial on litter and bare substrate. In field-collected propaguies, caryopsis mass and awn length were inversely related to soil fertility; mean per-floret mass and relative investment in awn and caryopsis did not differ among fields. Relative investment in awn and caryopsis did not influence floret burial in field or greenhouse trials. www.uga.edu /srel/Reprint/2229.htm   (216 words)

Fruit and Seed Anatomy The caryopsis (also called a grain or a kernel) is a single-seeded fruit where the ovary wall and seed coat are fused into one layer. Grains of rice, wheat, barley, and bermuda grass are examples of the caryopsis. To the left are a diagram and a micrograph of a corn kernel cross-section. quorumsensing.ifas.ufl.edu /HCS200/Seed.html   (1558 words)

Dry Fruits Dehiscent Dry Fruits Indehiscent Dry Fruit One Seeded Dry Fruits Info Nuts,Caryopsis,Legume Fruit   (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19) Achene The fruit is separate from the seed coat, so the seed is contained in a defined locule, and it is a small, one-seeded fruit. Caryopsis These are fruits with the seed stuck to the per carp. The example of Caryopsis is rice, wheat, corn, and oats. www.fruitsinfo.com /dry_fruits.htm   (618 words)

Plants of Midway Atoll Caryopsis golden brown, somewhat flattened, subglobose to ovoid, 0.5-0.8 mm long, 0.4-0.5 mm wide. Native to the Pacific equatorial region; in Hawaii occurring in coastal sites on coral sand, gravel ans saline flats, sometimes as a pioneer species. Caryopsis (fruit) dark reddish brown, ellipsoid to ovoid, 0.8-1.2 mm long, delicately striate. midway.fws.gov /wildlife/plants.html   (1957 words)

What is a wheat berry? -   (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19) For practical purposes, the caryopsis consists of three parts: the embryo plant, the endosperm, and the bran. Part of the bran is the pericarp derived from the ovary of the floret, and part derives from the seed--the seed coat and aleurone, a cell layer high in proteins and lipids. In older vernacular, the caryopsis was called a wheat berry. www.killerplants.com /weird-plants/20031009.asp   (573 words)

Items from the Russian Federation. A method for creating a xenia caryopsis color and its inheritance in soft wheat hybrids has been described previously (Kyzlasov 1998, 2000, 2001). The segregation of caryopsis color in the F1 hybrid plants was 7 light-colored : 9 pigmented (1.284 light : 1.662 dark). The pigment was produced in the caryopses as the result of The use of grain xenia-color genes makes it possible to mark and select caryopses within a separate spike that are carriers of the genes determining large grains. grain.jouy.inra.fr /ggpages/awn/49/Textfiles/RUSSIA.html   (5702 words)

[No title]   (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19) Although rather small, a single charred caryopsis (grain) having the features of a domestic wheat grain (Renfrew 1973) was recovered from floor ash of one of the mesa-top sites. A cheno-am seed and a Gramineae caryopsis preserved in the floor scrape. The only reproductive parts recovered (Capparraceae seed fragments, a Gramineae caryopsis, and Opuntia [prickly pear] seed fragments) were associated with final use and likely are the remains of food preparation/consumption. www.crowcanyon.org /ResearchReports/SiteTesting/Text/Ts_16.htm   (17534 words)

Systematic Spatial Analysis of Gene Expression during Wheat Caryopsis Development -- Drea et al. 17 (8): 2172 -- THE ... The grass caryopsis is a single-seeded fruit that comprises Structure of the Caryopsis at 3, 6, and 9 DAA. The orientation of the section is indicated by the white bar on the caryopsis. www.plantcell.org /cgi/content/full/17/8/2172   (7899 words)

Cupule Removal and Caryopsis Scarification Improves Germination of Eastern Gamagrass Seed -- Tian et al. 42 (1): 185 -- ... Cupule Removal and Caryopsis Scarification Improves Germination of Eastern Gamagrass Seed -- Tian et al. Influence of cupule removal and caryopsis scarification on seed germination of different eastern gamagrass seed lots harvested in 1995. Influence of cupule removal and caryopsis scarification on seed germination of different eastern gamagrass seed lots harvested in 1996. crop.scijournals.org /cgi/content/figsonly/42/1/185   (159 words)

Fox Seed Germination A giant foxtail (Setaria faberii) caryopsis with a slightly swollen embryo forcing cracks longitudinally in the caryopsis coat overlying the middle of the embryo. The coleoptile is enlarged, elongated and curving slightly upward (top right), while the coleorhiza has completely emerged (center left), as has the trichome hairs (center left) and the radicle (lower left). The coleoptile is enlarged, elongated and curving slightly upward (left center), while the coleorhiza has completely emerged (center right), as has the trichome hairs (center right) and the radicle (upper right). www.agron.iastate.edu /~weeds/Fox/FoxSeed/germination.html   (371 words)

My Dad's Vegetable Garden - Corn as Fruit   (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19) The corn kernel is a type of fruit called a caryopsis, which is a kind of fruit with a single seed. Also the seed coat is fused with the inner wall of the fruit so you can not separate the seed from the rest of the fruit. Finally, a caryopsis is dry and hard when the fruit is ripe. www.jmu.edu /biology/k12/garden/corn.htm   (127 words)

Old World Bluestem: Planting, Stand Establishment, and Early Stand Production Management, with Considerations for Other ... Because of the uniqueness of the clean but chaffy Old World bluestem seed, special equipment is needed to plant it; otherwise, it can be altered with a bulk material to allow planting with ordinary farm planters. Naked caryopsis may not be the way to plant. One of the problems with planting any small naked caryopsis is planting too much of it. www.noble.org /Ag/Forage/OldWorldBluestem/page3.html   (1411 words)

Fruit Terminology (Part 2) Note: In the grain or caryopsis, the pericarp is fused with the seed coat. The achene is the typical fruit of the sunflower family (Asteraceae). These two leathery bracts enclosed the grain or caryopsis. waynesword.palomar.edu /termfr2.htm   (1365 words)

minutes7-1-99 Arnold provided a photograph of two quackgrass seeds, one having little to no developed caryopsis (an inert), the other seed having a caryopsis close to 1/3 the length of the palea of the seed. A list of questions were provided to answer relating to the fact that the seed with a caryopsis 1/3 the length of the palea would be a countable ‘weed seed’ because the seed did not meet the criteria of ‘inert matter’ as described under AOSA Rule 2.10,b,(2),(d). Arnold noted that these studies were on freshly harvested seeds, and that perhaps quackgrass seed(s) with a caryopsis 1/3 the length of the palea found in a noxious weed test would not be considered fresh seed, the seed having set in storage, and desiccation taking place of the seed(s) in question. www.frsa.org /minutes/minutes7-1-99.htm   (2221 words)

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