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	Casamance - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The flag of the Democratic Forces Movement of Casamance was adopted in 1988.
		Casamance is the area of Senegal south of The Gambia including the Casamance River.
		The Casamance was subject to both French and Portuguese colonial efforts before a border was negotiated between the French colony of Senegal and Portuguese Guinea (now Guinea-Bissau) to the south.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Casamance (213 words)

	MAR \| Data \| Assessment for Diolas in Casamance in Senegal (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		The Casamance region is separated from the rest of Senegal by Gambia and the Gambia River (REGIONAL = 1).
		While the northern part (north of Gambia) is a vast savannah zone that is prone to desertification, the Casamance enjoys forested and fertile land suitable for agriculture.
		In addition, while the beaches in the Casamance drew in much of the country's tourist revenue, most of the region's agricultural and tourist earnings were directed to Dakar, the country's capital.
	www.cidcm.umd.edu /inscr/mar/assessment.asp?groupId=43301 (1705 words)

	BBC NEWS \| Africa \| Senegal to sign Casamance accord
		Casamance is the south-western corner of Senegal's territory, yet it is physically separated by a legacy of colonial history - the former British colony of The Gambia.
		The Movement of the Democratic Forces of Casamance launched a campaign of violence which has become deeply factionalised, with its fighters spreading across the borders of The Gambia to the north and Guinea-Bissau in the south.
		Casamance's white beaches were once a tropical haven for European tourists and its fertile land an important part of Senegal's agricultural output.
	news.bbc.co.uk /2/hi/africa/4133881.stm (437 words)

	Casamance (Senegal) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Casamance is the SW part of Senegal (the bit located south of Gambia); it used to belong to Portuguese Guinea and some of the separatist claims are based on that fact.
		Through such a white flag the demonstrators meant that the people of Casamance were not wishing the war to be released and obtained the independence in peace.
		Casamance is the main rice-producing area of Senegal.
	www.crwflags.com /fotw/flags/sn}mfdc.html (584 words)

	Casamance looks forward to more prosperous 2005 after peace deal (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Casamance is bordered by Gambia to the north and Guinea-Bissau to the south
		With Casamance desperate to see better economic times, the peace accord will enable some 62 billion CFA francs (US$ 129 million) in funds from 19 international donors to be pumped into reconstruction schemes and there should also be fresh cash from the government in Dakar.
		Secessionism moreover was facilitated by the physical separation of Casamance from the rest of Senegal, with English-speaking Gambia planted between.
	www.copla.org /Casamance.htm (807 words)

	Róbinson Rojas.- Andrew Manley: GUINEA BISSAU/SENEGAL: WAR, CIVIL WAR AND THE CASAMANCE QUESTION (November 1998).- ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Casamance otherwise signally failed to benefit from the upswing in competitiveness that the devaluation was supposed to impart to Senegal and the other economies of the Franc Zone.
		The wider impact of Casamance is less predictable and is in part tied in with the fading fortunes of the ruling PS and President Diouf.
		57 The increasingly brutal war in Casamance has, for one Senegalese researcher, highlighted the "culture of violence" that is a legacy of the longue durée historical crises which affected the Senegambian coastal empires of the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, not to mention the colonial period itself.
	www.rrojasdatabank.org /guinea.htm (8343 words)

	"); NewWindow.document.write("IRINnews"); NewWindow.document.write(" (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		The Casamance, wedged between Guinea-Bissau to the south and Gambia to the north, was once Senegal's bread basket and a tropical haven for European tourists.
		Casamance is physically separated from the rest of Senegal by the English-speaking Gambia.
		The Casamance has quite a large population of the Diola ethnic group, which is predominantly Christian and Animist.
	www.irinnews.org /report.asp?ReportID=44380 (1512 words)

	Senegal: Climate of terror in Casamance - Amnesty International (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		The 15 years of conflict in Casamance have led to the arrest of hundreds of Casamance civilians, charged with threatening State security, most of whom can be considered to be prisoners of conscience - that is, people imprisoned for, among other things, their political opinions or ethnic origin, without using or advocating violence.
		Casamance civilians, both those who are still being held and those who have been released -only on a provisional basis - are, therefore, the powerless victims of the conflict and negotiations between the Senegalese Government and the MFDC which have very little to do with them.
		Even in the rare cases in which Casamance civilians have managed to overcome their fear and reported the torture, extrajudicial execution or "disappearance" of a relative, the political and military authorities have not seen fit to open an inquiry.
	web.amnesty.org /library/Index/ENGAFR490011998?open&of=ENG-SEN (18747 words)

	AFRICA: Casamance, Bloody Legacy of the Colonial Division of the Continent
		Casamance, Bloody Legacy of the Colonial Division of the Continent
		Their main enemy is Senegal, to which Casamance has belonged since a weakened Portugal was forced to yield it to a much more powerful France in 1908, as a result of the colonial accords reached at the 1884-1885 Berlin Conference, in which Britain, France, Belgium, Germany and Portugal divvied up the African continent.
		Casamance is one of the many forgotten tragedies of Africa.
	www.ipsnews.net /news.asp?idnews=32564 (1103 words)

	Casamance - HighBeam Encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		CASAMANCE [Casamance], river, c.200 mi (320 km) long, W Africa.
		Also called Casamance, the Senegalese region is geographically isolated from the rest of the country by The Gambia, and the Diola (or Jola), not the Wolof, are the primary ethnic group.
		Casamance was the scene of ethnic tensions in the early 1980s, and guerrilla warfare beginning in the late 1980s.
	www.encyclopedia.com /doc/1E1-casamanc.html (227 words)

	Amnesty International : rapport sur la Casamance
		Human rights violations in Casamance are essentially the work of the army and the gendarmerie, which have for years been acting with total impunity.
		It is of course true the Senegalese security forces are faced with insurrection in Casamance, but they are not fulfilling their conventional role, which is to protect civilians against an internal or external enemy.
		Casamance had not been able to break the pattern of violence because both parties to the conflict perceive armed force as the only way of resolving their political differences, but also because the people responsible for atrocities are never brought to justice.
	www.senegalaisement.com /senegal/amnesty_casamance.html (1032 words)

	"); NewWindow.document.write("IRINnews"); NewWindow.document.write(" (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		The target of the Senegal government’s attacks, according to the deputy governor of Casamance, is a group of pro-independence fighters led by a reclusive rebel leader, Salif Sadio.
		Casamance is rich in cashew nuts, rice and palm oil, but most of its people continue to rely on subsistence agriculture to live.
		Of those, around 5,000 are believed to have spent some time in The Gambia, although many of the villages are close enough to the Casamance for villagers to cross over for the day to tend to their animals and fields, before slipping back across the border for a safe night’s sleep.
	www.irinnews.org /report.asp?ReportID=55589&SelectRegion=West_Africa&SelectCountry=SENEGAL (1464 words)

	The Head Heeb: Reuniting the separatists
		At an MFDC extraordinary general assembly in Ziguinchor, the capital of Casamance, on Saturday, the rebels decided it was time for a change in leadership.
		The insurgency in Casamance province in southern Senegal has lasted more than 20 years, left thousands dead and at least 60,000 internal refugees, and has stubbornly defied solution in a country that is otherwise a politically stable democracy.
		The roots of the conflict are complex, ranging from perceptions that Casamance is shortchanged by the central government to ethnic conflict between the Diola minority and other regional peoples, but the fighting has long since devolved into local factionalism and score-settling.
	headheeb.blogmosis.com /archives/026215.html (368 words)

	News: West Africa, Senegal: Residents flee gunfire in Casamance
		He said in eastern Casamance an undetermined number of people living north of the village of Sindian, 60 km north of Ziguinchor, have fled to The Gambia, 22 km away.
		The MFDC emerged as a separatist movement in Casamance in 1982.
		Casamance is separated from the rest of Senegal by the sliver of land that makes up The Gambia.
	www.reliefweb.int /rw/RWB.NSF/db900SID/LZEG-6SSQEX?OpenDocument (762 words)

	USAID WARP/Ghana: Cross-Border Peace Building Activities in the Casamance Region (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		USAID/WARP is responding to the impacts of conflict in two of the region’s perennial hot spots – the Casamance and the Mano River Union – through joint programming and consultation with USAID bilateral missions and U.S. Embassies.
		In the Casamance, WARP works with the Mission in Senegal and the U.S. Embassy in the border region of Guinea Bissau to implement a Reconstruction, Peace Building and Conflict Mitigation program led by the Adventist Development and Relief Association (ADRA).
		Spillover effects from the Casamance conflict led to a military crackdown in the area as late as 2001.
	www.usaid.gov /missions/warp/cprevention/cbprograms/casamance.htm (643 words)

	Movement of Democratic Forces in the Casamance (MFDC)
		In 1997 a renewal of fighting in the Casamance area in the southern part of the country between the Government and the secessionist Movement of Democratic Forces in the Casamance (MFDC) caused many civilians to flee their villages.
		Sporadic fighting continued through 1999 in the Casamance area in the southern part of the country between the Government and the secessionist Movement of Democratic Forces in the Casamance (MFDC).
		Although it was difficult to determine the extent of their use in the Casamance, RADDHO claimed that up to 80 percent of the arable land in the areas of Ziguinchor, Sedhiou, Oussouy, and Bignona were unusable due to the land mines.
	www.fas.org /irp/world/para/mfdc.htm (1148 words)

	Senegal: Climate of terror in Casamance
		In Casamance, as in the rest of Senegal, the number of surnames is small.
		A Casamance farmer tortured in September 1997 was told, when he was released by the army, to tell the other villagers what the soldiers had done to him.
		Casamance civilians working in northern Senegal, who have simply come home to spend time with their families, have also been targeted by the army.
	www.amnestyusa.org /regions/africa/document.do?id=CEAA16D6C32A13018025690000692D1B (19147 words)

	Footnotes to History- C
		Casamance is the name of the southern portion of Senegal, inhabited by Christians of the Diola ethnic group, which is separated from the Muslim north by the Republic of the Gambia.
		Casamance has long rejected central authority, and declared its independence from France in 1947.
		In 1982, the MFDC (Movement of Democratic Forces in Casamance), an insurgent group intent on gaining independence, launched attacks on government targets.
	www.buckyogi.com /footnotes/natc.htm (6093 words)

	War Crimes :: Wars :: Senegal : Casamance 1982-2004
		The Casamance region is an important focus area for the economic development of Senegal due in part to its rich tropical environment.
		Currently, a major constraint affecting development in the Casamance region is its armed separatist struggle that has lead to a sharp decline in the economic and social well being of the population.
		Military authorities in the Casamance region made an effort during 2002 to reduce the number of human rights abuses committed by security forces under their command, and human rights NGOs confirmed that there were significantly fewer complaints of arbitrary arrests, lengthy detention, and abuse during detention; however, there were no statistics available at year's end.
	www.warcrimes.info /shop/html/modules.php?name=News&file=article&sid=266 (3131 words)

	SENEGAL, Landmine Monitor Report 2001
		Despite a slight decline in the number of new victims of landmines in Casamance, the suspected presence of landmines continues to frighten many people in the region.
		In one way or another, most Casamance inhabitants, and particularly those living in the southwest, are concerned by the landmine problem.
		To date 500 people have been trained in mine awareness; 300 were chosen in villages by their local communities and 200 are teachers, and have been trained to provide mine awareness to children as a part of the regular school curriculum.
	www.icbl.org /lm/2001/senegal (2598 words)

	The Official Home Page of the Republic of Sénégal
		The Casamance region is home to a very traditional group: the Diolas and their cousins, the Mandjakes and the Balantes.
		Saly is a convenient point of departure for excursions to Dakar, the Pink Lake, the Casamance or the Saloum islands.
		A region of contrast where the land and water blend intimately together, Sine Saloum is characterized by its hinterland, the groundnut growing basin of Senegal, and the Saloum delta -- a myriad of small islands scattered between innumerable "bolongs" (channels).
	www.amadou.net /ci/villes.html (1118 words)

	sen011 Confusion over landmines in Casamance
		It is almost certain that the MFDC rebels have laid new mines this year, but there is some confusion whether the Senegalese Government did lay antipersonnel landmines in its military action in Guinea-Bissau in 1998 or not.
		It appears that new mines have been laid by Mouvement des forces democratiques de Casamance (MFDC) rebels in the province in 1999 and 2000, the report concludes.
		The use of landmines is one of the issues being tackled in the current negotiations for peace in Casamance.
	www.afrol.com /News/sen011_casamance_landmines.htm (1299 words)

	BBC NEWS \| World \| Africa \| Rebuilding war-ravaged Casamance
		The guns may be silent in Casamance, but the legacy of two decades of a separatist war between the Senegalese government and the rebel Movement for the Democratic Forces of Casamance (MFDC) is still haunting ordinary Casamancais.
		The rainy season will soon start in Casamance and the returnees are worried that they will not be able to access their fields.
		Although both former MFDC fighters and the government have committed themselves to bringing lasting peace to Casamance, the biggest challenge for them is to make good their pledges for positive change in the lives of the ordinary people of the region.
	news.bbc.co.uk /go/rss/-/1/hi/world/africa/4562217.stm (733 words)

	SoundRoots World Music & mp3 Blog: Monday's mp3: Casamance on My Mind
		South of the bulk of Senegal, Casamance is largely cut off from the rest of the country by The Gambia.
		Casamance is in mind largely because of a confluence at the recent World Sacred Music Festival.
		Included in the festival were Casamance drummer Modibo Traore, and kora player Kane Mathis.
	soundroots.org /2006/05/mondays-mp3-casamance-on-my-mind.html (659 words)

	AllGambian.net\| NEWS - Fighting surges between Casamance rebel factions
		Low-level fighting between rival wings of the Movement of the Democratic Forces of Casamance (MFDC) started in the eastern area of Casamance in mid-May. On Friday, fighting spread to Djibidione, 80 kilometres north of the Casamance capital Ziguinchor, according to Senegalese military and rebel sources.
		The MFDC emerged as a separatist movement in Casamance, which is separated from the rest of Senegal by the sliver of land that makes up The Gambia, in the early 1980s.
		The latest unrest appears to be the result of a clash between hardliner, Salif Sadio based in southern Casamance close to the Guinea-Bissau border, and a rival MFDC leader Magne Dieme, who is based in northern Casamance.
	www.allgambian.net /stories_578.htm (501 words)

	The Epoch Times \| Senegal's Casamance Separatists Agree to Peace Agenda
		ABIJAN - Senegal's government and southern Casamance separatists have agreed to finalize a peace accord by the end of May to end a two-decade low-level insurgency.
		This follows an accord signed December 30 in the Casamance capital Ziguinchor putting an end to the armed conflict which began in the early 1980s.
		The separatists say they hope aid money which has been pledged as part of the deal will help revitalize impoverished Casamance, which is cut off from the rest of Senegal by the Gambia.
	english.epochtimes.com /news/5-2-2/26220.html (327 words)

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