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Topic: Cascades Rapids

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	Cascades Rapids - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Cascades Rapids (sometimes called "Cascade Falls") is an area of rapids in the Columbia River where travelers by boat along the river were forced to either portage boats and supplies or pull boats up with ropes.
		It is generally held that these rapids or cascades (or the many cascades along the Columbia River Gorge in this area) gave rise to the name for the surrounding mountains: the Cascade Range.
		But by 1938 the rapids were gone, submerged under the Bonneville Reservoir as it formed behind Bonneville Dam.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Cascades_Rapids (423 words)

	The Rojomo Expedition of 1996 Lewis and Clark-At the Great Falls of the Missouri
		The river is immediatly at this cascade is 300 yards wide, and is pressed in by perpendicular cliff on the left, which rises to about 100 feet and extends up the stream for a mile; on the right the bluff is also perpendicular for 300 yards above the falls.
		To this he ammediatly hastened, and found a cascade stretching across the whole river for a quarter mile, with a descent of 14 feet, though the perpendicluar pitch was only six feet.
		The united current continues 328 poles to a small rapid on the north side, from which it gradually widens to 1,400 yards, and at the distance of 548 poles reaches the head of the rapids, narrowing as it approaces them.
	www.mt.net /~rojomo/landc3.htm (2157 words)

	Appendix B \| Cascades Diversion Dam Removal Project \| Yosemite National Park
		Cascades Diversion Dam is located on the main stem of the Merced River in Yosemite National Park, near the intersection of El Portal Road and Big Oak Flat Road (UTM coordinates 11 263647E 4177777N, approximately river mile 120).
		Removal of Cascades Diversion Dam would not affect the transition from the U-shaped valley to the V-shaped river gorge, the V-shaped gorge itself, or the transition from igneous to metasedimentary rocks.
		Although Cascades Diversion Dam is a historic resource that contributes to the cultural landscape as an element of the Yosemite Hydroelectric Power Plant, the dam is not considered an Outstandingly Remarkable Value for Wild and Scenic Rivers Act purposes because it was intended to obstruct the river’s free flow.
	www.nps.gov /yose/planning/cascades/cascadesapp_b.htm (7021 words)

	Geology of the Falls - Niagara Parks, Niagara Falls, Ontario, Canada
		The roar of these rapids is the sound of the air bubbles breaking as they are slammed back out of the water.
		Aong the Whirlpool Rapids early settlers (from the 1770's onwards) found an abundance of wild fruit:: strawberries, gooseberries, raspberries, cherries, plums and grapes (brambles still present in abundance along the boardwalk).
		Whirlpool Rapids to the Glen inferred average depth 15m (50ft) with 38m (126ft) at the Whirlpool and 35m (100ft) depths at the north end of the Glen
	www.niagaraparks.com /nfgg/geology.php (3577 words)

	Cascades Conservation Area
		Cascades Conservation Area is a great choice for a quiet hike in the beautiful poplar and birch forest.
		The highlight for many people is the spectacular rapids along the Current River.
		While enjoying the Cascades, take the opportunity to view the wide variety of geological formations on the Current River.
	www.lakeheadca.com /cascades.htm (163 words)

	THE HUDSON BY BENSON J LOSSING
		Below it are considerable rapids; just above it is a bridge, which has a carriage-way for the public use, and a narrower passage for the horses that draw the canal boats.
		Within two miles of its mouth are remarkable rapids and falls, which the tourist should never pass by unseen: the best point of view is from the bottom of a steep precipice on the southern side of the stream.
		These cascades or rapids commence at the bridge where the public road crosses the creek, and continue for many rods, until a culvert under the Champlain Canal is passed.
	threerivershms.com /hudsonch5.htm (1674 words)

	Cascade Range - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Trade on the lower Columbia River, which skirts the southern end of the range, did not occur until after Lewis and Clark in 1806, more specifically as a result of David Thompson's visit on behalf of the Hudson's Bay Company shortly afterwards, and Simon Fraser's journey down the Fraser in 1808.
		The Lewis and Clark expedition, and the many settlers and traders that followed, met their last obstacle to their journey at the Cascades Rapids in the Columbia River Gorge, a feature on the river now submerged beneath the Bonneville Reservoir.
		Most of the northern half of the High Cascades, from Rainier north, have been preserved by US national or British Columbia provincial parks (such as E.C. Manning Provincial Park), or other forms of protected area.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Cascades (3019 words)

	Loudoun Independent (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		Cascades families are cleaning out their basements and attics in preparation for the Spring Yard Sale.
		Cascades Rapids swim team registration will be held again at the Quarter Path Pool Clubhouse on May 13 from 8 a.m.-noon.
		The Community Lutheran Church in Cascades is hosting a concert featuring the premier vocal ensemble of the U.S. Navy, The Navy Sea Chanters.
	www.loudouni.com /2006/05/post_178.html (551 words)

	A 1940 Journey Across Oregon: The Dalles to Eagle Creek (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		It is said by geologists that these rapids were caused by avalanches that slipped from the heights of Table Mountain impeding the free flow of the river.
		Skilled Indian paddlers or French Canadian boatmen were sometimes able to shoot the Cascade rapids successfully, particularly during spring freshets, but customarily even the most daring disembarked and portaged their cargoes.
		The two sons and the girl, crushed in the destruction of the bridge, whose debris created the Cascades, were resurrected as Mount Hood, Mount Adams, and Mount St. Helens.
	arcweb.sos.state.or.us /exhibits/across/thedalles.html (1609 words)

	Loudoun Independent (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		The Cascades Library welcomes children ages 3-8 to celebrate the joyous Mexican holiday of Cinco de Mayo with Barbara Davila on Thursday, May 4 at 4 p.m.
		Cascades Rapids swim team registration will be held at the Quarterpath Pool Clubhouse on Saturday May 6 and May 13 from 8 a.m.-noon.
		All Cascades children who can swim the width of the pool are welcome.
	www.loudouni.com /2006/04/post_156.html (549 words)

	Niagara Falls - the Falls (Cataracts)
		The depth of the Whirlpool Rapids is 10.7 meters (35 feet) and the speed of the water at the Whirlpool Rapids is 35.4 kilometers/hr (22 mph).
		A portion of this section of rapids is called the "Devil's Hole" for its sudden elevation drop of 16 feet (5m).
		When the water flow is at its greatest during the daytime, the water flow actually pushes straight past the actual turn and enters the whirlpool where the water follows the contour of the circular edge of the whirlpool and loops counter clockwise back to near where it entered the whirlpool.
	www.iaw.com /~falls/cataract.html (5575 words)

	Ramsay Cascades
		Ramsay Cascades is not as well known but ranks in my top 10 creek hikes of the Smokies.
		The lower part of the trail, that is the first mile and a half, has the most hikers on the creek side trails.
		From here the next 2.5 miles of trail to the Cascades is for hikers with a good level of physical conditioning.
	hikingthecarolinas.com /Ramsey_Cascades.php (585 words)

	HistoryLink Essay: Skamania County -- Thumbnail History
		The county's story was shaped by the river and particularly by the rapids called The Cascades B that divided the lower from the middle Columbia.
		Indians continued to gather fish at the Cascades until the rapids were flooded by Bonneville Dam in the 1930s.
		Americans who crossed the Oregon Trail settled around the rapids, some out of design, but many because that was where their wagons, their stock, or their morale gave out.
	www.historylink.org /essays/output.cfm?file_id=7811 (2737 words)

	HASTINGS - CH. 3
		From the dalles to the cascades, the Columbia pursues its onward, noisy course,
		From its mouth to the cascades, it is a beautiful, and grand stream, and is navigable to that extent, at the lowest stage of water, for ships drawing two fathoms.
		Here, its navigation is seriously obstructed by rapids and sand bars, the latter of which, are formed by the waters of the Klackamus, which annually wash down immense quantities of sand, and which are deposited at the junction of the two rivers.
	xroads.virginia.edu /~HYPER/IGUIDE/or-ch3.htm (5778 words)

	Columbia Communities: Camas
		The Cascade Indians traditionally controlled portage through the rapids, and profited from presents and fees given for passage.
		In the 1830s, Cascades and other river Indians lost most of their populations to a deadly outbreak of malaria.
		This decimation meant that by the time a U.S. military expedition traveled through the area in 1849, the Cascades were no longer a powerful force at the rapids.
	www.ccrh.org /comm/camas/Indian3.htm (564 words)

	PNWC-NRHS - Oregon Steam Navigation Company (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		With steamboat traffic on the Columbia River increasing, the Cascades rapids and the Celilo Falls were significant obstacles.
		In 1862, OSN acquired both of the existing portage tramways in the present-day Cascade locks area, one on the north and one on the south side of the Columbia River.
		The portage railroad on the north side of the river was incorporated as the Cascades Railroad Company in Washington Territory as a subsidiary of Oregon Steam Navigation.
	www.pnwc-nrhs.org /hs_osn.html (1365 words)

	[No title]
		This will group the data by lateral scour pools, riffles, cascades, etc. In excel you need to highlight all the data columns and look under the ‘data’ menu for the ‘sort’ command.
		Because the dimensions of the streams vary, calculate the percentage of the total area in a study reach that each habitat type accounts for (for example, you can estimate that 40% of the area consists of lateral scour pools in a particular study reach).
		For example 35% of the area consists of cascades in a particular study reach.
	hmsc.oregonstate.edu /classes/FW454/guide3.doc (833 words)

	HistoryLink Essay: Landslide blocks the Columbia River in about 1450.
		The rapids made the location ideal for catching salmon during the summer runs and became central to the local economy.
		In 1938, Bonneville Dam flooded the Cascades and the Bridge of the Gods had to be raised to accommodate shipping on the new lake formed behind the dam.
		Toe of Bonneville Slide on the Columbia River at the entrance to The Cascades, 1929
	www.historylink.org /essays/output.cfm?file_id=7797 (643 words)

	Online Personal Albums by Simonneeddy - VirtualTourist.com
		He ran the rapids standing up and hanging onto a rope tied to the front of the boat.Only he and an old Indian (who showed him how and where to pass) dared to run the rapids.
		He broke the windshield and was shaken up but never stopped riding the rapids.
		Claire.The picture shows the boat in the same place where the rapids use to be.
	members.virtualtourist.com /m/tt/60e6 (845 words)

	Eastern Waterfall Guide - Falls of the Month, February 2001
		Cliffs rise on the right side of the trail and, during spring melt or wet weather, you might be able to spot a series of cascades running down the cliff about a half mile from the trailhead.
		Directly before the Pool is a substantial cascade in the narrow section of the chasm.
		As it falls in several cascades, it turns 90 degrees to the left as it enters the steepest section of the chasm.
	www.aria-database.com /waterfall/falls-of-month.html (1959 words)

	Trang
		This is a stretch of rapids inside the Kachong National Park.
		The rapids and cascades flowing through the Park add a tinge of adventures to the campers.
		In this rocky edge there were 7 cascades before the area was dammed and flooded.
	members.tripod.com /adventure_malaysia/thaifall/trang.htm (1218 words)

	Columbia Communities: Camas
		Surviving Cascade Indians continued to live on the Columbia River, harvesting salmon during the seasonal migrations.
		In 1855, Cascade Indians were accused of joining the Yakama and the Klickitats in an attack on Fort Cascades.
		The blockhouse had recently been built at the Cascades Rapids after war broke out between the US Army and Native Americans on the Columbia Plateau.
	www.ccrh.org /comm/camas/Indian4.htm (255 words)

	Cascades Calendars
		Some of these photos in the 2007 Cascades calendar show the shear power of nature, while others reflect the quiet and tranquil aspect of the cascades.
		Some famous waterfalls are shown here in the 2007 Cascades calendar as their power cannot be ignored.
		But there are also pictures of quieter lakes and rainbows in the background, along with rapids and mountains.
	politicalcritic.com /calendars_scenic_cascades.htm (187 words)

	Columbia River Gorge History, GorgeHistory.com
		The region's development was closely linked with transportation, beginning with river commerce and the need to portage around large rapids at Cascade Locks and east of The Dalles, as well as Celilo Falls.
		Exhibits feature history of the Bridge of the Gods, early river navigation, and development of the portage and locks around the Cascades rapids.
		(The rapids were subsequently inundated by construction of Bonneville Dam in 1938).
	www.gorgehistory.com (1268 words)

	Riverside Cottage
		The cottage is about 50 feet from the river, which cascades over rapids and a small waterfall into an 8-foot deep pool for swimming.
		There are lots of boulders in the river good for sun bathing, sitting with your feet in the water, and generally lazing around.
		Welton Falls, a mile or two upstream on Fowler River, is a chasm cut by the river followed by a nice set of rapids and falls where you can hang out on the rocks with your toes in the water.
	home.comcast.net /~richardlf/index.html (853 words)

	CVO Menu - The Volcanoes of Lewis and Clark - October 31, 1805
		Throughout time, the area became known as the "Cascades", and in 1825, John Work of the Hudson's Bay Company was the first to record the place name, "Cascades," to describe these falls in the Columbia.
		The total fall of the river from the head of Upper Cascade to the bottom of Lower Cascade was 45 feet at high water and 36 feet at low water.
		The Cascades and the early locks were flooded by backwater from Bonneville Dam in 1937.
	vulcan.wr.usgs.gov /LivingWith/Historical/LewisClark/volcanoes_lewis_clark_october_31_1805.html (3062 words)

	Montenegro.com - Montenegro Accommodation - Montenegro Real Estate - Montenegro Disapora - Tara
		The canyon is 1000 meters in depth, in places reaching 1300 meters, and the average drop is 3.6 meters/kilometer with numerous waterfalls, cascades and rapids.
		Its fantastic views, the gentle valleys and wild forests, the rapids with fl pine trees soaring up behind them, and the wonderful blue color of the water, take away the breath of even the most hard-to-please world travelers.
		The Tara and surroundings are rich in native species and species left from past ages, some of which date from the ice age.
	www.montenegro.com /en/Tara.html (740 words)

	Lewis and Clark's Columbia River - Hamilton Island, Washington
		Hamilton Island lies along the Washington shoreline of the Columbia River, upstream of Pierce and Ives Islands and Beacon Rock, and downstream of Bonneville Dam and the former Cascade Rapids.
		Hamilton Island, along with Pierce and Ives islands are remnants of the Bonneville Landslide which temporarily blocked the Columbia River and was birth to the legend of the Bridge of the Gods.
		Fort Cascades Historic Site is located on Hamilton Island, and is reached from the Dam Access Road off of Washington State Highway 14.
	englishriverwebsite.com /LewisClarkColumbiaRiver/Regions/Places/hamilton_island.html (1523 words)

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