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	Case hardening - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Case hardening is the process of hardening the surface of steel whilst leaving the interior unchanged.
		The idea behind case hardening is to have two different types of steel in the same item.
		Case hardened steel is usually formed by diffusing carbon and/or nitrogen into the outer layer of the steel at high temperature.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Case_hardening (122 words)

	Case Hardening Steel
		Case hardening involves putting carbon (or a combination of carbon and nitrogen) into the surface of the steel to make it a high-carbon steel which can be hardened by heat treatment, just as if it were tool steel or any other high carbon steel.
		Case hardening added carbon to the surface skin of the steel part and left it in a state which could be hardened by quenching.
		Case hardening was widely used on all lock parts except springs, and the process could be carried out even on the frontier with a minimum of equipment and knowledge.
	members.aol.com /illinewek/faqs/case.htm (838 words)

	Case hardening (Robert Bastow)
		From: Robert Bastow <"teenut"@ hotmail.com> Newsgroups: rec.crafts.metalworking Subject: Re: Case hardening Date: Fri, 16 Jun 2000 00:10:13 GMT Case hardening is nothing but a simple process during which soft, low carbon iron or steel is heated in the intimate presence of a carbon donating (carburising) material.
		Case hardening is NOT a cheap man's rout to a harder material..Rather it is a expensive and complex process done to provide the OPTIMUM of material conditions..a soft, tough core for shock resistance, coupled to a glass hard exterior for wear resistance.
		Traditional Case Hardening is done by packing the soft iron or steel parts in a cast iron box, together with a mixture of charred bone meal, leather scraps or parings from hooves etc. The top is wired in place and sealed with fireclay.
	yarchive.net /metal/case_hardening.html (728 words)

	Patent 4071382: Method for case hardening powdered metal parts
		Prior to subjecting the part to the case hardening gaseous atmosphere, the part is heated in an oxidizing atmosphere for a time period sufficent to form oxides of iron which substantially fill the pores at the surface of the part.
		With respect to the teachings of the prior art concerning conventional case hardening processes for "solid" steel parts, it is generally widely known that oxidation of the part prior to the case hardening is to be avoided.
		When the case hardening treatment was completed, charge basket 17 containing the oxidized parts in vestibule chamber 12 could be moved into heating chamber 14 while the case hardened part could be moved into the second vestibule whereat same could be cooled or quenched in any known desired manner to achieve desired physical properties.
	www.freepatentsonline.com /4071382.html (3984 words)

	Title : Description
		CASE HARDENING, is the process of producing a hard surface on wrought iron and steel parts by increasing the carbon in the surface by absorption, then hardening by the usual method (heat and quench).
		Case hardening to a maximum depth of.032" (.8mm) takes four hours at 1600°F. The depth follows a curve but is fairly proportional accordiing to time.
		Case hardening is the absorption of carbon into the surface of low carbon steel making it high carbon steel and therefore hardenable.
	www.anvilfire.com /FAQs/case_hardening.htm (2679 words)

	Case hardening
		Carburizing and case hardening are thermochemical heat treatment processes by which, through the diffusion of carbon into the surface zone, certain properties such as great hardness and high wear resistance are obtained in the surface zone of case hardening steel.
		Hardening after carburizing can be carried out by various methods as shown in the diagram, depending on the requirements the structures of the case and the core have to fulfil.
		The surface carbon content during carburizing and case hardening in salt baths is determined by the carburizing salt or carburizing granulate used and its degree of activation.
	www.durferrit.com /en/produkte/waermebehandlung/einsatzhaerten/index.htm (331 words)

	PMPA Designer's Guide: Heat Treatment (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		Case depth should be stated either as total case depth, or effective case depth.
		Under.015 case is often specified as "file hard." This is not as accurate a method as Rockwell testing, but is usually an adequate hardness control for thin case parts.
		On parts that are to be induction hardened, show minimum area that is to be hardened, minimum and maximum depth and any area that must remain soft, with a transition zone between soft and hard areas.
	www.pmpa.org /agent/desguide/design/heattreatment.htm (553 words)

	Heat Treater The Difference between case hardening and through hardening
		Hardening occurs during heat treating when the steel (containing sufficient carbon) is cooled rapidly (quenched) from above its critical temperature.
		In the case hardening process the surface layer of the mild steel has its carbon content increased by a prolonged contact at a high temperature with a chemically reactive source of carbon.
		The case depth will generally be from two thousandths of an inch up to one hundred and fifty thousandths of an inch.
	www.precisionheattreat.com /difference.html (300 words)

	MSN Encarta - Search Results - Case Hardening
		Case Hardening, any of several processes for hardening the surfaces of steel products in order to make them more resistant to abrasion and wear,...
		In case hardening a finished piece of steel is given an extremely hard surface by heating...
		CASE, in computer science, acronym for computer-aided software engineering, a comprehensive label for software designed to utilize computers in all...
	uk.encarta.msn.com /Case_Hardening.html (103 words)

	Patent 4913749: Process for case-hardening rolling bearing elements of low-alloy nickeliferous steel
		In this connection, after carburization and before austenitization of the carburized layer of the rolling bearing elements, intermediate annealing is often necessary for homogenizing the grain structure of the steel and for reducing internal stresses.
		Heating to hardening temperature and hardening of the rolling bearing races may proceed in the adequately heatable carburizing furnace, so that the bearing races, often heavy, do not have to be transported to another furnace, for example, an annealing furnace or hardening furnace, during the heat treatment.
		One more tempering is usually provided after hardening, so that the rolling bearing elements receive a martensitic texture, which imparts a hardness of 58 to 62 RHC to the bearing surface of the roller bearing.
	www.freepatentsonline.com /4913749.html (2180 words)

	Heat Treater The Choice of Steels for Case Hardening
		The low carbon steels which are suitable for case hardening may be sub-divided further into plain carbon steels and low alloy steels.
		Full hardening occurs when a steel, heated to it's hardening temperature is cooled at a rate which exceeds a critical value.
		Cooling rate depends upon the size of the part being hardened, on the severity of the quench (water is faster than oil but is likely to cause distortion) and on the degree of agitation in the quench.
	www.precisionheattreat.com /choice.html (371 words)

	Alloy, Metal Terminology (C)
		Carburizing and subsequently hardening by suitable heat-treatment, all or part of the surface portions of a piece of iron-base alloy.
		It is used as the matrix metal in most cemented carbides and is occasionally electroplated instead of nickel, the sulfate being used as electrolyte.
		Surface hardening of an iron-base alloy article or portion of it by heating at a suitable temperature in contact with a cyanide salt, followed by quenching.
	www.metal-mart.com /Dictionary/dictletc.htm (1822 words)

	Case Hardening (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		Case Hardening:A unique feature of salt bath nitrocarburized layers is the monophase _-Fe_N compound layer, with a nitrogen content of 6-9% and a carbon content of around 1%.
		Case Hardening With unalloyed steels, the nitrogen is dissolved in the iron lattice.
		Due to the diminishing solubility of nitrogen in iron during slow cooling, _'-Fe4N nitrides are precipitated in the outer region of the diffusion layer, some in form of needles, which are visible in the structure under the microscope.
	www.burlingtoneng.net /case_hardening (896 words)

	HBH Thermal- Dr. Sommer - Case Hardening (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		The Case Hardening program was where computer simulation found its first application in heat treatment technology.
		Case Hardening is a must have for metallurgists and heat treat managers in both commercial and captive environments.
		Case Hardening is also now available in a custom designed On Line version with dynamic communication with your heat treat control system.
	www.hbhthermal.com /case%20hardening.htm (270 words)

	BladeForums.com: The Leading Edge of Knife Discussion - Hardening low carbon steel
		One of the case hardening methods is to use cyanide salts which add carbon and nitrogen to the surface.It would be difficult to control case hardening on a blade, you would very easily get very high carbon on the cutting edge.
		i thought case hardening is no longer done with chemicals, i thought the steel was baked in an oven with carbon and the steel absorbed some of the carbon.
		Case hardening forms a thin layer of higher FeC content on the surface by a chemical process called solid solution-as the steel is heated with the Carbon, some dissolves into the surface of the steel, hardening it.
	www.bladeforums.com /forums/showthread.php?p=2959498 (1328 words)

	The Double Gun Journal - Volume 7 Issue 4 Page 9 The Color Case-hardening of Firearms - Part I Oscar l. Gaddy (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		Indeed, the percentage of remaining case colors is a major yardstick used in the determination of degree of original condition for firearms that were originally finished in this manner.
		The steel beneath the carburized skin or case is unhardened and remains as tough and resilient as it was before the carburizing and quenching.
		One method, which is also one of the oldest, is a process called pack hardening where the mild (low carbon) steel substrate is packed in a closed, but not air tight, container with the carburizing agents such as a bone and wood charcoal mixture.
	www.gunshop.com /doublegunjournal_v7i4_9.htm (3994 words)

	Glossary - Cas
		Case hardening is the addition of hardness, to the surface of steel by heating the steel in contact with carbon.
		Used on tolls which need to retain the resilience of a soft metal to avoid cracking but need a hard surface or when it is simpler or cheaper to shape and carburize a softer material rather than using a harder metal.
		Casing can also be the molding inside of which a door is hunt but it is actually only the inner boards.
	www.constructionwork.com /glossary/c4.html (1328 words)

	Run-N-Iron - Premium Finishes
		Color Case Hardening is a process for the surface hardening of steel, which results in a decorative mottled-color finish.
		To achieve these results, we use the traditional method of packing the component into a steel crucible together with a generous amount of charred bone, wood and leather, then heating the entire unit to a temperature of 1400 degrees F for two hours or more.
		A risk with Color Case Hardening is the warping of components during exposure to the extreme heat.
	www.runniron.com /finishes/color_case.html (212 words)

	Middle States Oil Company
		It can be utilized for shallow cases as well as for deep case hardening.
		Can be used for all steels and alloys suitable for case hardening.
		Is used where selective case hardening is required.
	www.middlestatesoil.com /_wsn/page4.html (528 words)

	Color Case Hardening
		This is by far the safest of all the methods used for color case hardening.
		Color Case Hardening originated in China but was brought to Europe and perfected by the English gunmakers in the 17th century.
		Color Case Hardening is a simple process as long as you pay strict attention to the rules.
	www.lassengunsmithing.com /html/colrcas1.htm (636 words)

	The Heat Treatment Industry, Past, Present and Future — A UK Perspective
		Case hardening has evolved from using solid to liquid, and now, usually, gas as the enrichment source, but the next generation of technology uses vacuum, or plasma.
		Laser hardening is a very efficient way of locally hardening large tools, producing virtually no distortion, dramatically increasing tool life, and, interestingly, borrowing much of its technology from the CAD/CAM used to make the tool.
		However, in the case of polymers and certain steels, these temperatures are not low enough to totally avoid all undesirable material changes and distortion risks.
	www.azom.com /details.asp?ArticleID=1757 (1145 words)

	Blackburn Plant - Martempering, Normalising and Case Hardening (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		Carburising and carbonitriding are both classed as case hardening treatments.
		Case hardening involves the rapid quenching of a part to harden the surface whilst the bulk remains relatively soft and tough.
		Case hardening processes rely on the enrichment of the surface with carbon prior to quenching.
	www.ttigroup.co.uk /pl_black03.htm (324 words)

	Tipton News - Carbonitriding, Nitrocarburising and Case Hardening (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		Carburising or case hardening is a high temperature process which enriches the component surface with carbon.
		Hardening is then carried out by quenching in an appropriate medium.
		Harden and temper processes require a dedicated heating and cooling cycle which can be undertaken in a batch furnace or in a continuous furnace.
	www.ttigroup.co.uk /pl_tipton.htm (564 words)

	Case Hardening
		ent methods of hardening that are commercially used.
		Case hardening is ideal for parts that require a
		Flame hardening is another procedure that is used
	www.tpub.com /content/construction/14250/css/14250_31.htm (528 words)

	Correcting case hardening
		If you really have reverse case hardening, there is no way to cure it other than by heavy planing.
		It is case hardening, not reverse case hardening, when it cups or bows together.
		Case hardening is removed by adding moisture quickly back to the lumber when it is very hot.
	www.woodweb.com /knowledge_base/Correcting_case_hardening.html (457 words)

	Interlloy - Grade EN36A Case Hardening Steel
		EN36A is a 3.2% nickel - chromium high hardenability, case hardening (carburizing) steel, generally supplied in the annealed condition with a maximum brinell hardness of 255 (Rc26).
		Pre hardened and tempered (uncarburized) EN36A can be further surface hardened by nitriding but will not respond satisfactorily to flame or induction hardening due to its low carbon content.
		Note: Case hardening steels due to their low carbon content are less susceptable to cracking than medium or high carbon steels, and may therefore be heated and cooled more rapidly.
	www.interlloy.com.au /data_sheets/case_hardening_steels/en36a.html (873 words)

	Case Hardening of Mild Steel
		Case hardening is a simple method of hardening steel.
		One advantage of this method of hardening steel is that the inner core is left untouched and so still processes properties such as flexibility and is still relatively soft.
		The steel is removed from the brazing hearth with flsmiths tongs and plunged into case hardening compound and allowed to cool a little.
	www.technologystudent.com /equip1/heat2.htm (193 words)

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