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Topic: Case orthography

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Case orthography

List of United States Supreme Court cases

nominative case

genitive case

Accusative case

Dative case

case law

Case Western Reserve University

Locative Cases

Ablative case

noun case

grammatical case

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	Majuscule - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		In alphabets with a case distinction, majuscules are used for:
		Some languages, such as German, capitalize the first letter of all nouns; this was previously the case in English as well.
		The terms "upper case" and "lower case" derive from Johann Gutenberg's use of two separate drawers, or cases, to store capital letters and small letters.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Upper_case (368 words)

	Letter case - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		In orthography and typography, letter case (or just case) is the distinction between majuscule (capital or upper-case) and minuscule (lower-case) letters.
		Historically the two cases were placed one above the other on a rack on the typesetter's desk and, by convention, the case containing the capitals would be above the box with the small letters, hence upper and lower case.
		The Oxford Universal Dictionary on Historical Principles (reprinted 1952) indicates that this usage of "case" (as the box or frame used by a compositor in the printing trade) was first used in 1588.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Case_(orthography) (611 words)

	CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Old Testament
		Cases are not rare when consideration for religious or moral feeling has led to the substitution of a more harmless euphemism for an ill-sounding word.
		Yet in the case of the majority of the books the work was probably completed about the middle of the second century B.C. Of primary importance for us is the question of the state of the text at the time of the translation.
		In particular cases the possibility of connecting or separating the letters differently must be considered as another source of divers interpretations.
	www.newadvent.org /cathen/14526a.htm (5397 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		The defendants in the case, the school officials, felt that a select few out of thousands need not dispute their obligation to pay taxes for the purpose of supporting a high school.
		The lawyers for the Kalamazoo Case defendants inferred that there must be a provision for the public funding of high schools for college prepatory education.
		These cases with many smaller precedents were used to establish a basis for the public funding of the Kalamazoo High School and allowed for many townships to follow their historic leadership.
	www.nd.edu /~rbarger/www7/kalamazo.html (401 words)

	Qur'anic Orthography: The Written Representation Of The Recited Text Of The Qur'an
		Arabic orthography at the time was not yet developed in the way we have known for centuries, particularly in two important areas.
		In some other cases the variant readings could not he contained in a single shape of a word and accordingly different fonns were distributed in the `Uthmānic copies.
		It should be noted that in ordinary orthography, additional letters are retained with nothing to indicate that they should not be pronounced; thus here the Qur'ānic orthography is seen to be more consistent and more precise.
	www.islamic-awareness.org /Quran/Text/Scribal/haleem.html (6272 words)

	Bible Translation Process
		In the former case, the results are needed within seconds for communication to proceed; in the latter case, the results may take hours or even years.
		Either case presumes the existence of a body of knowledge about the language, which is something seldom available to the pioneering translator.
		Orthography is literally about "writing right," or developing a standard set of symbols for writing the words of a language.
	www.ginesys.com /bibletranslation.htm (4182 words)

	IIALC 1930, Practical Orthography of African Languages
		Over large areas which have political, geographical, or linguistic unity an unsatisfactory state of affairs is found to exist at the present time owing to lack of agreement as to the general principles of writing down the languages, and as to the letters to be used and the meanings attached to them.
		It would obviously be a great advantage if in the orthography of the new language, the value of the letters were the same, or as nearly as possible the same, as those they have already learnt for their mother tongue.
		In cases where it is necessary to distinguish between a 'close' e and an 'open' e,/2 the letter e shall represent the close vowel and the special letter ɛ shall be used for the open vowel.
	www.bisharat.net /Documents/poal30.htm (5661 words)

	Report Submitted to FAMSI - David Bolles
		In this latter case, the orthography for an elongated vowel is thus indistinguishable from the orthography for a regular vowel.
		In each case the vowel sound immediately after its enunciation is cut off by closing the glottis and the vowel is not reduplicated although the colonial orthographic convention would seem to indicate that the vowel is to be reduplicated.
		In this case the word by itself is glottal-stopped, but when it is followed by a word designating the type of food then the vowel becomes regular.
	www.famsi.org /reports/96072/grammar/section02.htm (3061 words)

	Intro (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		There are some rules which help you remember which gender a noun belongs to, but in many cases you will just have to learn the gender when you learn the noun.
		In German, the case of the object of a preposition depends on what preposition is used and how it is used.
		In German, adjectives are inflected to agree with the case, number, and gender of the nouns they modify.
	www.geocities.com /CollegePark/Hall/1238/intro.html (5521 words)

	Chinese Writing
		In fact, the argument that Asian orthography inhibits creativity is just one of many reasons why those who use these systems may wish to consider taking the final step toward modernization and replace them with an alphabet of letters.
		Although this is largely the case in modern standard Mandarin, particularly as it is written, it was not true of the archaic language, nor does it apply to the spoken language in its many varieties.
		6 Orthography, besides its tangible effect on the development of a language and on the psychology of its speakers, confers legitimacy on a language and political status on its users.
	www.pinyin.info /readings/texts/chinesewriting.html (3530 words)

	A Linguistic Sketch of Basque (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		For centuries there was no standard orthography, and Basque was written with Romance spelling conventions supplemented by various additional devices to represent sounds not present in Romance.
		During the early years of the 20th century, a bizarre and impractical orthography employing a blizzard of pointless diacritics was widely used; this largely disappeared after the Spanish Civil War.
		Compare this with the ordinary genitive case etxearen, as in etxearen izena `the name of the house' and etxearen historia `the history of the house'.
	www.cogs.susx.ac.uk /users/larryt/basque.sketch.html (3916 words)

	John Philips (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		He thought the new orthography was unfortunate, but in the meantime urged Farrant to continue the old spelling "in the usual way." Which way was supposed to be "usual" he didn't say.
		It was now too late to suggest any new orthography, since a telegram was not sent regarding the compromise between East and the Lieutenant Governor, and by the time news of the compromise reached Lagos the governor had already made his decision public.
		Even East admitted that "Hausa orthography is imperfect as a phonetic script, and is meant chiefly for native readers." And of course the original Ajami script had not faded away either.
	www3.aa.tufs.ac.jp /~P_aflang/TEXTS/june97/philips.html (4055 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Hungarian has many different cases (esetek), most common are the Nominative case, Accusative case, Dative case, Instrumental case, Final case, Supressive case, Inessive case, Elative case, Terminative case, and Delative case.
		For examples of some of these cases, refer to the article on the Finnish language.
		While it seems unusual to English speakers at first, once one learns the new orthography and pronunciations, Hungarian is nearly totally phonetic.
	www.online-encyclopedia.info /encyclopedia/h/hu/hungarian_language.html (852 words)

	WHAT IS PHONOLOGY
		The case of five/fifth is the first case that illustrates for us that it may be difficult to know whether in fact we are keeping something the same when we compare two pronunciations.
		We see that in each case, a word-final t is pronounced as a flap when the word is followed by a word that begins with a vowel, and it is realized as a glottalized t otherwise.
		In this latter case, we need to know where words begin and end (where the word boundaries are, phonologists say) in order for these notions to be applicable in any given case.
	humanities.uchicago.edu /faculty/goldsmith/phono1/Flaps.html (7183 words)

	Notes to Bird Glossary - Japanese orthography
		In the case of bird names, Japanese often had specific bird names for which no suitable Chinese characters could be found.
		In this case, Japanese used the compound word as a whole to write a single Japanese word.
		In the above case (d), the meaning of the Japanese compound is totally overshadowed by the Chinese compound.
	www.cjvlang.com /Birds/intro7.html (2022 words)

	SIL Bibliography: Orthography (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Mfonyam, Joseph N. Tone in orthography: The case of Bafut and related languages.
		Koffi, Ettien N. "The representation of tones in the orthography."
		Orthography and phonology database: Islands and Momase regions.
	www.ethnologue.com /show_subject.asp?code=ORT (1476 words)

	Xah: The Unix file name case sensitivity
		It's a sure-footed, obedient scheme, one where the computer does exactly what the user wants it to do -- because the user is one who has the expertise to issue instructions that are very clear and precise and speak the same internal language that the computer does.
		It's clear to me now that while it's nice in an academic sense to have deterministic control over filenames to the point where two files that differ only in capitalization can exist in the same folder, it's simply nothing but confusing to a casual user for there to be a distinction.
		And this is one case where I hope Apple develops with the home user in mind, rather than the academic UNIX geek.
	www.xahlee.org /UnixResource_dir/_/fileCaseSens.html (846 words)

	Information Page About Encyclopedia of Ukraine.
		In most cases, administrative and territorial terms not having English equivalents have been transliterated, but not italicized, and have been given English plurals; for example, stanytsia/s, gmina/s, okruha/s, kurin/s, zemlia/s, palanka/s.
		Only in the case of the word Rus’ has the apostrophe been retained to indicate the soft sign.
		Places in the Ukraine whose names end in ‘sk’ according to the Kiev orthography thus appear in the encyclopedia with the ending ‘ske.’ For technical reasons, maps in the encyclopedia occasionally have names in the linguistic form of transliteration.
	www.encyclopediaofukraine.com /help.asp (1084 words)

	[No title]
		cases a small ee is supplied as a sign of vocalization for the help of the reader.
		Finally, it is written in one case and is not pronounced, in
		As is known, the present orthography of the holy text comes from the time of its
	answering-islam.org /PQ/PlatesHam4-index.htm (371 words)

	KText Reference Manual (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		The purpose of orthography change is to convert text from an external orthography to an internal representation more suitable for morphological analysis.
		Input orthography changes are made when the text being processed may be written in a practical orthography.
		It is recommended that all the orthography changes be placed together in one section of the text input control file, rather than being mixed in with other fields.
	www.ai.mit.edu /courses/6.863/doc/ktext.html (10690 words)

	Text Interpretation for TtS Synthesis
		Of course, the same problems of coverage as were noted in the Chinese segmentation problem also apply in the case of pronouncing dictionaries: many text words occur that are not to be found in the dictionary, the most important of these being morphological derivatives from known words, or previously unseen personal names.
		In a case like my son badly wants a dog, but I am allergic to dogs where the second occurrence of dogs would often be deaccented because of the previous mention of dog.
		For example, in English it is possible to produce TtSoutput where the vast majority of words in a text are correctly pronounced, where words are mostly accented in a plausible fashion, and where prosodic phrase boundaries are chosen at mostly reasonable places.
	cslu.cse.ogi.edu /HLTsurvey/ch5node5.html (2820 words)

	Orthography (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		The orthography''' of a language is the set of rules of how to write correctly in the writing system of a language.
		Orthography studies: articles on new writing systems, United Bible Society, London.
		SIR - On a recent visit to Cardiff I met plenty of engaging people, and heard a lot about the new face of Wales.
	www.infothis.com /find/Orthography (151 words)

	General information about the Somali language
		Affixes and clitics "tend to agree with neighboring lexical categories" However, the ATR feature is not marked in the orthography, perhaps because "the range of vowel harmony depends on the speed and formality of the utterance and when the speaker chooses to pause.
		Tone is not notated in the orthography, perhaps because it not lexically constant -- that is, a given word will appear in many tonal forms depending on its inflection and context of use.
		Subordinate clauses of all types are case marked, with the case marking showing up on the verb.
	www.ling.upenn.edu /courses/Spring_1998/ling202/somali_info.html (666 words)

	Capital and small letters for interwiki - Meta
		This page is dedicated to solve the question related to (native) writing of interwiki links for languages which orthographies say that language names should be written with the small letter at the beginning.
		Languages with orthographies where language names are written with the capital letter at the beginning
		The case for Latina vs. something else is similar to the #Czech problem of česky ("in Czech") vs čeština ("Czech language")...
	meta.wikimedia.org /wiki/Capital_and_small_letters_for_interwiki (2325 words)

	Derrida 1986b
		Derrida says that for Saussure, 'the introduction of scientific exigencies and the taste for exactitude into ordinary phonetic writing must be avoided.
		In this case, rationality would bring death, desolation, and monstrousness.
		That is why common orthography must be kept away from the notations of the linguist and the multiplying of diacritical signs must be avoided' (100).
	www.sil.org /~radneyr/humanities/Derrida1986B.htm (474 words)

	Table of contents for Handbook of orthography and literacy
		Orthography and Literacy in French 81 Jean-Pierre Jaffre and Michel Fayol 7.
		Hebrew Orthography and Literacy 339 Dorit Ravid 22.
		The Case for Teaching Phonemic Awareness and Simple Phonics to Preschoolers 637 Thomas Nicholson and Giok Lian Ng 39.
	www.loc.gov /catdir/toc/ecip0513/2005015076.html (759 words)

	The orthography of e-TeX (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		However, bearing in mind (a) the ISO 9660 standard for CD-ROMs (which precludes the use of a hyphen in filenames), and (b) the problems of moving files between case-sensitive (e.g.
		VMS, MS/DOS) operating systems, it is strongly recommended that wherever "e-TeX" occurs in the context of a filename, logical name, DCL symbol or analogous construct it be spelled (a) without the hyphen, and (b) entirely in lower case.
		It is further recommended that the component "etex" of such a name be separated from any subsequent component(s) by an underscore, unless this would (in the case of a filename) cause it to exceed the MS/DOS limit of 8+3 characters in which case the underscore should be omitted.
	www.tug.org /tex-archive/systems/e-tex/orthography.html (174 words)

	SASXSEK \| Alphabet, Orthography and Pronunciation (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		SASXSEK writing is based on the Roman alphabet, however there is no distinction between upper or lower case.
		SASXSEK can be written in either all lower case, or all upper case (for headlines and such), but not to be mixed within words and phrases.
		Generally, headings and titles should be in upper case while the text of a document is in lower case.
	www.nutter.net /sasxsek/orthography.asp?lang=en (196 words)

	Yf Rgalin Home Page
		Glottal stop is non-phonemic, in case you were wondering, and may freely be used for vowel-initial words, or not, as you like.
		It is the case of transitive subjects; the case of action.
		Both "book" and "be-red-adj" are declined to whatever case and agree with each other in case (not in number).
	web.meson.org /rgalin (4210 words)

	Ethnologue: Bibliography of Ethnologue Data Sources
		Andrzejewski, B. The development of a national orthography in Somalia and the modernization of the Somali language.
		Eriksen, Thomas H. Linguistic diversity and the quest for national identity: The case of Mauritius.
		Grimes, Charles E. Digging for the roots of language death in eastern Indonesia: The cases of Kayeli and Hukumina.
	www.ethnologue.com /ethno_docs/bibliography.asp (7065 words)

	Learn Yoruba: Generic Page
		The standard orthography has undergone several revisions since and continues to evolve.
		In order to understand and appreciate the current state Yoruba Orthography, it is useful to have a basic knowledge of how it has evolved.
		) occur in the Yoruba language and are indicated in its orthography.
	www.learnyoruba.com /orthography.htm (189 words)

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