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	Saint Casimir - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Saint Casimir Jagiellon, Patron Saint of Poland and Lithuania, was prince of Poland and Grand Duchy of Lithuania.
		Casimir (Lithuanian: Kazimieras, Polish: Kazimierz, Belarusian: Kazimir) was the grandson of Władysław II Jagiełło and was the second son of king Casimir IV and queen Elizabeth of Austria.
		Casimir, who was eager to defend the Cross against the Turks, accepted the call and went to Hungary to receive the crown.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Saint_Casimir (413 words)

	Casimir - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Casimir Zeglen, pastor and inventor of a bullet resistant cloth
		Casimir, Ontario a community in the Canadian province of Ontario
		Casimir I of Poland, Polish name Kazimierz I the Restorer (1015-1058)
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Casimir (136 words)

	SAINT CASIMIR (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		When Casimir was fifteen, his father placed him in nominal command of an army and sent him to Hungary, where dissension among the Hungarian noblemen led the elder Casimir to believe he could force a Polish ruler on that country.
		Casimir had no further part in his country's affairs until he was twenty-one, when he began a four-year rule of Poland while his father was absent on affairs of state in Lithuania.
		In 1484, when Casimir himself went to Lithuania on a state visit, a "lung condition" (possibly tuberculosis) that had been troubling him grew worse and was finally the cause of his death on March 4 of that year.
	www.stfrancisvernon.org /casimir.htm (480 words)

	Casimir effect
		The Casimir effect is one of several phenomena that provide convincing evidence for the reality of the quantum vacuum – the equivalent in quantum mechanics of what, in classical physics, would be described as empty space.
		Casimir realized that between two plates, only those unseen electromagnetic waves whose wavelengths fit a whole number of times into the gap should be counted when calculating the vacuum energy.
		This may be relevant to space travel because the region inside a Casimir cavity has negative energy density.
	www.daviddarling.info /encyclopedia/C/Casimir.html (559 words)

	Domestic-Church.Com:Saint Profile: Saint Casimir (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Casimir died in 1482, of tuberculosis when he was 24 years old, having spend his life serving a King higher than his father.
		Saint Casimir was the third among the thirteen children of Casimir III, King of Poland and Elizabeth of Austria.
		Casimir and his brothers were extremely fond of their teacher and begged him never to leave them for any other position.
	www.domestic-church.com /CONTENT.DCC/19980301/SAINTS/STCASIMR.HTM (1295 words)

	Casimir
		Casimir was regarded as heir and was prepared for the kingship by Jaroslaw after the death of Casimirs elder brother.
		In 1364 in Krakow, Casimir was asked to arbitrate a quarrel between the Emperor of Holy Roman and Louis of Hungary.
		He was generous and skillful as founder and planner of Poland.Under Casimir in 1346, the first Polish Legal Code was made, and in 1346 the foundation of Krakow University which was the second oldest in Central Europe were formed.
	www.bu.edu /econ/faculty/kyn/newweb/economic_systems/NatIdentity/EE/Poland/Casimir.html (1002 words)

	Casimir Pulaski - Polish and American Hero - Polskiinternet.com
		Casimir (Kazimierz) Pulaski was born on March 4, 1745 in Warka Winiary, Poland.
		In the bitter fighting, his father and brothers were killed, Casimir was arrested and condemned to death for his part in the revolt, and escaped.
		The 2-cent stamp was released to mark the 150th anniversary of the death of Casimir Pulaski, who was mortally wounded in the siege of Savannah.
	www.polskiinternet.com /english/casimirpulaski.html (1046 words)

	Saints - Casimir of Poland
		Casimir was placed in the care of this scholar at the age nine, and even then he was remarkable for his ardent piety.
		Casimir was possessed of great charms of person and character, and was noted particularly for his justice and chastity.
		Casimir is the patron of Poland and Lithuania, though he is honored as far as Belgiumand Naples.
	www.scborromeo.org /saints/casimir.htm (734 words)

	Physics Today September 2000
		Casimir's PhD thesis, which he completed in 1931, dealt with the quantum mechanics of a rigid spinning body and the group theory of the rotations of molecules.
		Casimir loved to recount his relationship with Pauli and would include anecdotes from that period in most of his seminars in later life.
		Casimir's abundant knowledge of science (and arts!) together with his extraordinary capacity for dissecting the most intricate problems, often by the use of amusing metaphors, made conversation with him on the bottlenecks in scientific progress not only entertaining but also effective.
	www.aip.org /pt/vol-53/iss-9/p80.html (986 words)

	The Casimir Force – Neutral or Electrostatic? - ESD Journal
		The Casimir force is therefore one of electrostatic attraction, the electrical charge produced by the steady conversion of heat from the thermal surroundings mediated by the electrical grounding of the surfaces.
		Upon the evacuation of the gap, the Casimir force loaded the beam, and after a period of time the beam collapsed against the electrode, the contact causing the permanent adhesion of the beam to the electrode.
		However, the measurements of Casimir force are made with real materials that are not perfectly reflective, and further have reflectivity that depends on the frequency of the EM radiation in the gap, the latter suggesting the Casimir force may vanish at VUV frequencies as the surfaces contact.
	www.esdjournal.com /techpapr/prevens/casimir/casimir.htm (2571 words)

	The Casimir Force
		The simplest form of the Casimir effect was predicted in 1948 by H.B.G. Casimir and consists in the attraction between a pair of neutral, parallel conducting plates placed in the vacuum.
		Though the Casimir effect is expected to exist for any type of quantum field, in most cases this phenomena is considered for the electromagnetic field in view of the fact that this is the strongest fundamental interaction and it is the most likely to generate measurable effects.
		The main feature of the Casimir force is its strong dependence on shape, switching from attractive to repulsive as a function of the geometry and of the coupling with the constraining objects.
	www.casimir.rl.ac.uk (369 words)

	CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: St. Casimir
		Casimir's uncle, Wladislaus III, King of Poland and Hungary, perished at Varna in 1444, defending Christianity against the Turks.
		Sigismund I, King of Poland, petitioned the pope for Casimir's canonization, and Pope Leo X appointed the papal legate Zaccaria Ferreri, Bishop of Guardalfiera, the Archbishop of Gnesen, and the Bishop of Przemysl to investigate the life and miracles of Casimir.
		Casimir is the patron of Poland Lithuania, though he is honoured as far as Belgiumand Naples.
	www.newadvent.org /cathen/03402a.htm (914 words)

	The Casimir effect: a force from nothing (September 2002) - Physics World - PhysicsWeb (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		One of Casimir's colleagues, Theo Overbeek, realized that the theory that was used at the time to explain van der Waals forces, which had been developed by Fritz London in 1932, did not properly explain the experimental measurements on colloids.
		The Casimir force reduced the rate of oscillation and led to nonlinear phenomena, such as hysteresis and bistability in the frequency response of the oscillator.
		To prevent the Casimir force from being swamped by the electrostatic force, the mirrors had to be kept neutral by first touching them together before each measurement was made.
	physicsweb.org /articles/world/15/9/6 (3310 words)

	Casimir Effect and Casimir Equation
		And so it appears that the Casimir effect is the result of the electron strong charge of the atoms in the metal plates affecting each other through a form of Coulomb's law.
		To calculate the force between two Casimir plates, measure the strong charge of each plate (they may not be equal), divide by the distance between them squared, and multiply by the rmfd constant.
		According to Gibbs, "The energy density decreases as the plates are moved closer which implies there is a small force drawing them together." That small force is the force of the Aether manifested as the rmfd constant and acting on the strong charge of the electron..
	www.16pi2.com /casimir_effect.htm (645 words)

	Highbeam Encyclopedia - Search Results for Casimir IV (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Casimir IV CASIMIR IV [Casimir IV] 1427-92, king of Poland (1447-92).
		Ulászló II, c.1456-1516, king of Hungary (1490-1516) and, as Ladislaus II, king of Bohemia (1471-1516); son of Casimir IV of Poland.
		Jagiello JAGIELLO [Jagiello] or Jagello, dynasty that ruled Poland and Lithuania from 1386 to 1572, Hungary from 1440 to 1444 and again from 1490 to 1526, and Bohemia from 1471 to 1526.
	www.encyclopedia.com /articles/02381.html (647 words)

	Casimir Effect Bibliography by James F. Babb
		Casimir force between a flat plate and a spherical lens: Application to the results of a new experiment, V. Bezerra, G. Klimchitskaya, and C. Romero, Mod.
		Casimir force between a dielectric sphere and a wall: A model for amplification of vacuum fluctuations, L. Ford, Phys.
		A workshop Casimir effects: Recent developments in theory and experiment was held at ITAMP on November 14, 15, and 16, 2002.
	www.cfa.harvard.edu /~babb/casimir-bib.html (2792 words)

	Casimir force used by MEMS, will affect nanotech - Nanodot (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		The dependence of the rotation angle on the separation between the surfaces is in agreement with calculations of the Casimir force.
		The Casimir force has never been shown to be anything but conservative so they won't be a source of energy as some have speculated.
		Casimir and Van der Waals forces are both manifestations of corrlated charge density fluctuations; the difference is mainly geometry and context.
	nanodot.org /article.pl?sid=01/02/15/2056241&mode=thread&threshold= (482 words)

	FictionPress.Com Story : Waking the Land (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Casimir was so proud and particular about his horses that only Auley was allowed to so much as breathe the same air as the beautiful beasts.
		But Casimir knew that the life some other man could give her would be a greater one and she’d understand one day.
		While Casimir sat down, he was content to stand and fold his arms as both their gazes turned back towards the lake.
	www.fictionpress.com /read.php?storyid=1216649 (3720 words)

	St. Casimir - Saint of the Day - American Catholic
		Casimir, born of kings and in line (third among 13 children) to be a king himself, was filled with exceptional values and learning by a great teacher, John Dlugosz.
		Even as a teenager, Casimir lived a highly disciplined, even severe life, sleeping on the ground, spending a great part of the night in prayer and dedicating himself to lifelong celibacy.
		Casimir obeyed his father, as many young men over the centuries have obeyed their government.
	www.americancatholic.org /Features/SaintOfDay/?id=1312 (376 words)

	Patron Saints Index: Saint Casimir of Poland
		Hungarian nobles prevailed upon Casimir's father to send his 15-year-old son to be their king; Casimir obeyed, taking the crown, but refusing to exercise power.
		Casimir returned home, and was a conscientious objector from that time on.
		He always preferred to be counted among the meek and poor of spirit, among those who are promised the kingdom of heaven, rather than among the famous and powerful men of this world.
	www.catholic-forum.com /saints/saintc12.htm (348 words)

	[No title]
		Casimir, prince of Poland, was born in the royal palace at Krakow on October 3, 1458.
		I would like to emphasize that St. Casimir lived in the royal court of his parents, Casimir IV the Great and Queen Elizabeth of Habsburg, to point out that he lived his life at court and became a saint there.
		The fact that St. Casimir became a saint living in a royal court shows that the court was a place where one can live and be a saint.
	www.traditioninaction.org /SOD/j010sdSt.Casimir3-4.htm (923 words)

	Casimir III. The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. 2001-05 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		By the Treaty of Kalisz (1343) with the Teutonic Knights, Casimir consolidated his territories, and later he acquired much of the duchy of Halych-Vladmir.
		He strengthened the royal power at the expense of the nobility and clergy; codified Polish law in the Statute of Wislica, alleviating the lot of the peasants (hence he was “king of the peasants”); improved the condition of the Jews; encouraged industry, commerce, and agriculture; and founded (1364) the Univ. of Kraków.
		Casimir was succeeded by his Angevin nephew, King Louis I of Hungary.
	www.bartleby.com /65/ca/Casimir3.html (198 words)

	The Casimir Effect (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		The effect was predicted by the Dutch physicist Hendrick Casimir in 1948.
		The Casimir effect comes from a difference of energies in which the infinities cancel.
		The energy of the vacuum is a puzzle in theories of quantum gravity since it should act gravitationally and produce a large cosmological constant which would cause space-time to curl up.
	math.ucr.edu /home/baez/physics/Quantum/casimir.html (480 words)

	St. Casimir - Catholic Online
		Casimir felt the whole expedition was wrong but was convinced to go out of obedience to his father.
		Casimir's commitment to what he believed was right only grew stronger in his exile and he refused to cooperate with his father's plans any more despite the pressure to give in.
		Casimir is patron saint of Poland and Lithuania.
	www.catholic.org /saints/saint.php?saint_id=33 (810 words)

	March 4 Saint (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Casimir was born in 1458, son of Casimir IV, king of Poland.
		Casimir was never healthy, yet he was courageous and strong in character.
		Casimir helps us see that even if our bodies are not strong or healthy, we can still be strong in character.
	www.tntt.org /vni/tlieu/saints/St0304.htm (319 words)

	Pulaski Bio
		Joseph Pulaski, Casimir's father impatient with the Russian interference precipitated an armed movement called the Confederation of Bar in 1768.
		Casimir was one of the founding members and on his father's death in 1769, carried the burden of military command.
		New-found records of General Casimir Pulaski's birth on March 6, 1745, and death on October 15, 1779, together with the discovery of his bones September 27, 1996 in a vault under the Savannah monument that bears his name, were among the biggest stories featured in the 85-year history of this newspaper.
	www.plav.org /pulaski.htm (636 words)

	The Casimir Effect (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		The Casimir effect is a small attractive force which acts between two close parallel uncharged conducting plates.
		According to the quantum theory, the vacuum contains virtual particles which are in a continuous state of fluctuation (see physics FAQ article on virtual particles).
		Casimir realised that between two plates, only those virtual photons whose wavelengths fit a whole number of times into the gap should be counted when calculating the vacuum energy.
	www.desy.de /user/projects/Physics/ParticleAndNuclear/casimir.html (343 words)

	Bulletin Board
		Casimir School is a hidden gem tucked away in the "the village" of Brockton, it is known as the little red school house on the hill.
		Casimir prides itself on its family atmosphere and commitment to small classes.
		Originally founded to serve the Lithuanian community of Brockton, St Casimir School now hosts a culturally diverse student population where students achieve educational excellence, moral and spiritual development.
	www.stcasimirbrockton.com (154 words)

	Casimir Force Holds Empty Promise (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Even in vacuum, the Casimir force between a microscopic sphere and metal paddle alters the frequency of the paddle's oscillation.
		A minuscule quantum mechanical attraction between the sphere and plate lowered the frequency of the plate's vibration, and the team varied the frequency by moving the bead.
		The Casimir force could cause micromechanical components to stick together, he explains, and so it is important to understand how it interacts with moving parts like the oscillator.
	focus.aps.org /story/v8/st25 (471 words)

	[No title]
		Casimir Pulaski belongs to that select group of heroes, including the Marquis de Lafayefte, Thomas Paine, Giuseppe Garibaldi, and Pulaski's fellow countryman, Thaddeus Kosciuszko, who opposed tyranny not only in their homelands, but wherever they found it.
		Under the motto, "For Faith and Freedom," the elder Pulaski assumed the military leadership of the confederation, and Casimir on his 21st birthday took command of a detachment of partisans.
		The plot misfired, but it led to the young Casimir being unjustly accused of attempted regicide and later, after he left the country, to a death sentence.
	www.chipublib.org /003cpl/pulaskibiog.html (1321 words)

	Purdue physicists hone rules for nanotech game
		The Casimir force has to do with the minute pressure that real and virtual photons of light exert when they bump against an object.
		With the assistance of Klimchitskaya and Mostepanenko, considered leading experts in analyzing Casimir force experiments, the group managed to match theory about the Casimir force with hard measurements of its effects on the nanoscale with less than a 1 percent margin of error.
		The attractive force, between a Cu layer evaporated on a microelectromechanical torsional oscillator and an Au layer deposited on an Al 2O3sphere, was measured dynamically with a noise level of 6 fN/ (Hz).
	news.uns.purdue.edu /UNS/html4ever/030811.Fischbach.casimir.html (1008 words)

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