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Topic: Casimir effect

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	Casimir effect - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		In modern theoretical physics, the Casimir effect plays an important role in the chiral bag model of the nucleon, and in applied physics, it is becoming of increasing importance in development of the ever-smaller, miniaturised components of emerging micro- and nano- technologies.
		The Casimir effect is an outcome of quantum field theory, which states that all of the various fundamental fields, such as the electromagnetic field, must be quantized at each and every point in space.
		Casimir's observation was that the second-quantized, quantum electromagnetic field, in the presence of bulk bodies such as metals or dielectrics, must obey the same boundary conditions that the classical electromagnetic field must obey.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Casimir_effect (2369 words)

	Casimir effect
		The Casimir effect is one of several phenomena that provide convincing evidence for the reality of the quantum vacuum –; the equivalent in quantum mechanics of what, in classical physics, would be described as empty space.
		Casimir realized that between two plates, only those unseen electromagnetic waves whose wavelengths fit a whole number of times into the gap should be counted when calculating the vacuum energy.
		This may be relevant to space travel because the region inside a Casimir cavity has negative energy density.
	www.daviddarling.info /encyclopedia/C/Casimir.html (557 words)

	Casimir Effect and Casimir Equation
		It is no error that the equation for the Casimir Effect has the unit for the photon in the numerator.
		And so it appears that the Casimir effect is the result of the electron strong charge of the atoms in the metal plates affecting each other through a form of Coulomb's law.
		To calculate the force between two Casimir plates, measure the strong charge of each plate (they may not be equal), divide by the distance between them squared, and multiply by the rmfd constant.
	www.16pi2.com /casimir_effect.htm (645 words)

	The Casimir Force – Neutral or Electrostatic? - ESD Journal
		The Casimir force is therefore one of electrostatic attraction, the electrical charge produced by the steady conversion of heat from the thermal surroundings mediated by the electrical grounding of the surfaces.
		Fundamental in the Casimir effect is the notion of ZPE more commonly called the energy of the vacuum thought to pervade all of space.
		However, the measurements of Casimir force are made with real materials that are not perfectly reflective, and further have reflectivity that depends on the frequency of the EM radiation in the gap, the latter suggesting the Casimir force may vanish at VUV frequencies as the surfaces contact.
	www.esdjournal.com /techpapr/prevens/casimir/casimir.htm (2571 words)

	The Casimir Force
		The simplest form of the Casimir effect was predicted in 1948 by H.B.G. Casimir and consists in the attraction between a pair of neutral, parallel conducting plates placed in the vacuum.
		Though the Casimir effect is expected to exist for any type of quantum field, in most cases this phenomena is considered for the electromagnetic field in view of the fact that this is the strongest fundamental interaction and it is the most likely to generate measurable effects.
		The main feature of the Casimir force is its strong dependence on shape, switching from attractive to repulsive as a function of the geometry and of the coupling with the constraining objects.
	www.casimir.rl.ac.uk (369 words)

	Casimir Effect Bibliography by James F. Babb
		Casimir force between a dielectric sphere and a wall: A model for amplification of vacuum fluctuations, L. Ford, Phys.
		A workshop Casimir effects: Recent developments in theory and experiment was held at ITAMP on November 14, 15, and 16, 2002.
		The Casimir Effect - A Symposium, March 18, 2005, to honor the retirement of Professor Igor Dzyaloshinskii, University of California, Irvine.
	cfa-www.harvard.edu /~babb/casimir-bib.html (2817 words)

	The Casimir Effect (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-18)
		The effect was predicted by the Dutch physicist Hendrick Casimir in 1948.
		Casimir realised that between two plates, only those virtual photons whose wavelengths fit a whole number of times into the gap should be counted when calculating the vacuum energy.
		The Casimir effect comes from a difference of energies in which the infinities cancel.
	www.desy.de /user/projects/Physics/ParticleAndNuclear/casimir.html (343 words)

	Casimir the Friendly Ghost? (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-18)
		The ZPE is responsible for such diverse phenomena as the van der Waals forces of chemical attraction at absolute zero, the perturbation of atomic spectral lines known as the Lamb Shift, and the "Casimir Effect," a unique attractive quantum force between closely-spaced metal plates.
		The Casimir effect is a small attractive force which acts between two close parallel uncharged conducting plates.
		Casimir realized that between two plates, only those virtual photons whose wavelengths fit a whole number of times into the gap should be counted when calculating the vacuum energy.
	www.prop1.org /thomas/peacefulenergy/casimir.htm (618 words)

	InterStellar Technologies Corporation
		This effect, referred to as the Casimir effect, is often introduced as a purely quantum electrodynamical effect in the published literature.
		In its typical manifestation, the Casimir effect is a force between two infinite, parallel planes of given optical properties at a given distance from one another- usually on the order of a micrometer or less (one micrometer is equal to one millionth of a meter).
		Although the Casimir effect, as well as many other phenomena, can be quantitatively correctly predicted by simply assuming that everything in the Universe is immersed in a bath of classical zero-point radiation, of course such is not at all the view of physical reality held by the majority of practitioners.
	www.interstellartechcorp.com /phyTheoretical.html (6840 words)

	ISIS Casimir Effect Symposium
		The Casimir Effect Symposium will be held at UC Irvine on Friday, March 18, 2005 to honor the retirement of Physics Professor, Igor Dzyaloshinskii.
		The mechanism of electric drag, essentially identical to the dissipative Casimir and van der Waals effects, suggests that these two effects are an electrical and mechanical manifestation of the same underlying phenomenon: dissipation caused by energy and momentum transfer via electromagnetic zero-point fluctuations.
		This thinning is understood to be due to a Casimir force mediated by critical fluctuations in the immediate vicinity of the transition and to a Casimir force mediated by Goldstone modes deeper in the superfluid phase.
	www.physics.uci.edu /~isis/casimir-symposium-abstracts.html (752 words)

	Quantum effect moves machine TRN 021401
		The phenomenon, predicted in 1948 by the Dutch physicist Hendrik Casimir, observed in 1958 and measured in 1996, is called the Casimir effect.
		The Casimir effect is already a problem for fabricating MEMS devices because at very short distances free surfaces tend to stick together, said Mohideen.
		The Casimir effect could be a factor for MEMS designers in five years, he said.
	www.trnmag.com /Stories/021401/Quantum_effect_moves_machine_021401.html (847 words)

	What is the Casimir Effect? (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-18)
		The recognized cause of the Casimir effect is the quantum vacuum fluctuations (zero-point fluctuations) of the electromagnetic field between the plates.
		It was not until 1997 that the precise magnitude of the Casimir force was measured by Steve K. Lamoreaux of the Los Alamos National Laboratory along with Umar Mohideen and Anushree Roy from UC Riverside.
		It seems that the Casimir force is too small to be applied usefully to any of our present-day technology, though knowledge of its existence may be essential for those designing micromechanical or nanomechanical robotic devices in the present and in the decades to come.
	www.wisegeek.com /what-is-the-casmir-effect.htm (415 words)

	Casimir Effect, Strings and Cosmology - Advanced Physics Forums (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-18)
		The casimir effect establishes the existence of the zero-point energy, whose density throughout space has important cosmological implications.
		The casimir effect relies on the distance between two plates being less than the wavelength of most of the actual and virtual radiation in the vacuum.
		The Casimir effect is caused by the fact that space is filled with vacuum fluctuations, virtual particle-antiparticle pairs that continually form out of nothing and then vanish back into nothing an instant later.
	www.advancedphysics.org /forum/showthread.php?t=972 (902 words)

	The Casimir effect: a force from nothing (September 2002) - Physics World - PhysicsWeb
		The phenomenon is now dubbed the Casimir effect, while the force between the mirrors is known as the Casimir force.
		One of Casimir's colleagues, Theo Overbeek, realized that the theory that was used at the time to explain van der Waals forces, which had been developed by Fritz London in 1932, did not properly explain the experimental measurements on colloids.
		The Casimir force reduced the rate of oscillation and led to nonlinear phenomena, such as hysteresis and bistability in the frequency response of the oscillator.
	physicsweb.org /articles/world/15/9/6 (3321 words)

	Casimir effect
		Articles on the Casimir effect do not mention any relationship between gravity and the Casimir effect although an article on (http://physicsweb.org/articles/world/15/9/6) does mention ongoing experiments using different materials to neutralize the local gravity.
		I have come across a gravity/Casimir effect relationship that might be just a mathematical coincidence or it might be applicable to current studies; it implies that the force of the Casimir effect should vary with changes in the Earth’s gravitational force affecting the experiment.
		P.S. Gravity might have an effect on strength of the casimir effect since it alters the wavelength of particles and casimir effect is a result of difference in particle concentration between the plates and outside them.
	www.physicsforums.com /showthread.php?t=75580 (1096 words)

	smartalix.com - The Casimir Effect (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-18)
		Casimir theorized that if two perfectly parallel plates could be brought closely enough together, the tiny space created would be free from all long-wavelength particles, as the spontaneously-occurring particles that are constantly being created would appear on the outsides of the plates, and not in the too-small space between them.
		When structures within nanobots and other nanodevices are close enough to one another, "photonic pressure" from the Casimir effect gives them an extra push that could cause the teeny-tiny gears and such to seize up.
		The distance between any two surfaces such that the Casimir effect is manifested is what I call the Casimir Horizon, similar to the Event Horizon of a Black Hole in that it is a boundary saying "here endeth reality" in large letters.
	www.smartalix.com /casimir.htm (422 words)

	Experiment could reveal 'extra dimensions,' exotic forces
		The researchers have demonstrated an innovative way to measure a phenomenon known as the Casimir effect – findings that also could have implications for the design of microscopic machines that contain tiny parts on the size scale of nanometers – or billionths of a meter.
		The Casimir effect, predicted in 1948 by Dutch physicist Hendrick Casimir, is a force that pushes together two plates of metal placed near each other in empty space or a vacuum.
		The strength of the Casimir effect depends on the number of electrons in the metal out of which the plates are made.
	news.uns.purdue.edu /UNS/html3month/021029.Fischbach.Casimir.html (1202 words)

	Was the big bang necessary? Is it time for a new paradigm for how the Universe began?
		Casimir predicted the value of this force and in 1996 Steve K Lamoreaux, then at Washington University, measured the force to within an accuracy of five per cent of Casimir's prediction for that configuration of plate separation and geometry.
		This is similar to the reduction in radiation energy between atoms or the plates used to measure the Casimir effect.
		The Casimir effect causes the toroidinos to move towards the zone of highest concentration, and, therefore, the greatest restriction to the formation of toroidinos, which in this case is to the left of the drawing.
	www.no-big-bang.com /process/casimireffect.html (732 words)

	Casimir Effect
		Casimir’s tiny force was measured in 1996 by Steven Lamoreaux.
		The fact the Casimir effect has been shown to exist suggests that if supersymmetry exists in nature, it must be a broken symmetry.
		An alternative “Casimir Effect” is one that arises from an even more detailed investigation into the nature of the most fundamental of elementary particles, the electron.
	www.halexandria.org /dward152.htm (1047 words)

	Anti-gravity (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-18)
		The researchers at the Tampere University of Technology in Finland, who discovered the effect, say it could form the heart of a new power source, in which it is used to drive fluids past electricity-generating turbines.
		The effect is directly proportional to how fast the disc is spinning, the current in the loop, and the square of the disc's diameter.
		Even if this is the only effect that Podkletnov has seen, it is still valuable new science-it would verify a core element of special relativity, and could perhaps be scaled up and exploited to create an ion drive.
	members.fortunecity.com /templarseries/antigrav.html (3886 words)

	THE CASIMIR EFFECT
		In its simplest manifestation, the Casimir effect is a quantum force of attraction between two parallel uncharged conducting plates.
		The Casimir Effect of a Dielectric Ball: The Equivalence of the Casimir Effect and van der Waals Forces
		"The Casimir effect is about a lot more than a force between two metal plates, and Milton's book offers a great opportunity to read about it and learn the techniques by which it can be calculated...
	www.worldscibooks.com /physics/4505.html (450 words)

	Casimir Effect
		Most certainly not, the Casimir effect proves the existence of the virtual particle sea that is directly responsible for this effect.
		Currently the Casimir effect has been advanced as a new powerful test for hypothetical long-range interactions, including corrections to Newtonian gravitational law at small distances, predicted by the unified gauge theories, supersymmetry, supergravity and string theory.
		Precision measurements of the Casimir force have led to an excellent agreement between the experiments by means of atomic force microscope and theory.
	www.physicsforums.com /showthread.php?t=83128 (1749 words)

	Virtual particles and Casimir Effect. - SciForums.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-18)
		If the momentum transferred by the wave points in the direction from the receiving particle to the emitting one, the effect is that of an attractive force.
		The effect of a virtual photon hit on the charged particle's momentum-space wave function is, then, quite simple.
		The important point is that the photon doesn't "know" that it's going to hit a particle of the same charge as the one that emitted it, or of the opposite charge.
	www.sciforums.com /showthread.php?t=7304 (3837 words)

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