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Topic: Casimir III of Poland

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	POLAND - LoveToKnow Article on POLAND (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-19)
		Poland had established a sort of suzerainty over Moldavia as early as the end of the I4th century; but at best it was a loose and vague overlordship which the Hospodars repudiated whenever they were strong enough to do so.
		Poland, as the next neighbor of Hungary, was more seriously affected than any other European power by this catastrophe, but her politicians differed as to the best way of facing it.
		Casimir the Great even tried to make municipal government as democratic as possible by enacting that one half of the town council of Cracow should be elected from the civic patriciate, but the other half from the commonalty.
	7.1911encyclopedia.org /P/PO/POLAND.htm (18908 words)

	Casimir III of Poland - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Casimir III the Great (Polish: Kazimierz Wielki), (1310-1370), King of Poland, son of king Władyslaw I Łokietek (Wladyslaw the Elbow-high), 1305-1333 and Jadwiga of Gniezno and Great Poland.
		Casimir then married Adelheid of Hessen, and this was the start of his bigamous marriage career.
		Casimir is the only Polish king who did receive and maintain the title of the great in Polish history (Boleslaw I Chrobry was once also called the great, but not today), and the title is well deserved.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Casimir_III_of_Poland (936 words)

	CASIMIR III. - LoveToKnow Article on CASIMIR III. (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-19)
		Casimir belongs to that remarkable group of late medieval sovereigns who may be called the fathers of modern diplomacy, inasmuch as they relegated warfare to its proper place as the instrument of politics, and preferred the councilchamber to the battle-field.
		Fortunately Casimir was a mini of npnptrstin,i c~eniiis T-Tis fiitlier hsd hp~n ii 1,prn whri trusted entirely to his sword, yet the heroic struggle of a lifetime bad barely sufficed to keep at bay the numerous and potent foes with which Poland was environed.
		Hungary coming to the assistance of Poland, Lubart was defeated and taken prisoner; but Casimir, anxious to avoid a bloody war with Lithuanias Tatar allies, came to a compromise with Lubart whereby Poland retained Halicz with Lemberg, while Vladimir, B clx, and Brzesc fell to the share of Lithuania.
	www.1911encyclopedia.org /C/CA/CASIMIR_III_.htm (997 words)

	Casimir IV of Pomerania - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Casimir IV (Kazimierz IV in Polish, called by Polish historians Kazko Slupski) 1351-1377 was a duke of Pomerania-Slupsk since 1374.
		Son of Boguslav V of Pomerania and Elzbieta daughter of Casimir III of Poland.
		He was a friend and partial successor of the king Casimir III of Poland, who made him senior of Dobrzyn, Bydgoszcz, Kruszwica, Zlotow and Walcz after his death in 1370.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Casimir_IV_of_Pomerania (108 words)

	Courtly Lives - St. Jadwiga of Anjou, Queen of Poland
		Kazimierz III, Duke of Inowroclaw and Gniewkow, was born in 1278/80, and died in 1343/53.
		Boleslaw III Wrymouth (1085-1138), Duke of Poland from 1102-1138.
		Wladyslaw married (2)Judith-Maria of Austria.(parents of Boleslaw III Wrymouth, Duke of Poland)
	www.angelfire.com /mi4/polcrt/StJadwiga.html (1493 words)

	Jadwiga of Poland - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-19)
		Until rather recently, Poland had been ruled by her independent king Casimir III of Poland, of the ancient Piast dynasty.
		Emperor Sigismund himself was a heir of Casimir III, as eldest son of his mother Elisabeth of Pomerania, who was since 1377 the only surviving child of Elisabeth of Poland, herself the younger but only progenited daughter of Casimir III from his first marriage with Gediminaitis.
		Despite widespread veneration for Jadwiga in Poland, it was only on June 8, 1979 that Pope John Paul II prayed at her sarcophagus, and the Congregation for Divine Worship and the Discipline of the Sacraments officially affirmed her beatification on August 8, 1986.
	www.secaucus.us /project/wikipedia/index.php/Hedwig_of_Poland (1502 words)

	Casimir IV of Poland - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-19)
		Casimir IV the Jagiellonian (Polish: Kazimierz Jagiellończyk, Lithuanian Kazimieras Jogailaitis) (1427 - 1492), of the House of Jagiello was grand duke of Lithuania from 1440 and king of Poland from 1447 until his death.
		That same year, Casimir was approached by the Prussians for aid against the ruling Teutonic Order, which he promised, by the act of incorporation of Prussia to Polish Kingdom; however, when the cities of Prussia rebelled against Teutons, the order resisted with greater strength than expected, and the Thirteen Years' War (1454-1466) ensued.
		His son named Casimir was to have been married to the daughter of emperor Frederick III but he instead chose a religious life, eventually becoming canonized as St.
	www.hackettstown.us /project/wikipedia/index.php/Casimir_IV_of_Poland (434 words)

	Casimir III of Poland
		Casimir III or the Great (Kazimierz Wielki), (1310-1370), was the son of Wladyslaw Lokietek (Wladyslaw the Elbow High), King of Poland 1305-1333 and Jadwiga.
		Casimir the Great married Anna, or Aldona Ona, the daughter of the duke of Lithuania, Gediminas.
		When Casimir, the last Piast king of Poland, died in 1370, Louis I of Hungary succeeded him to become king of Poland and Hungary.
	www.sciencedaily.com /encyclopedia/casimir_iii_of_poland (490 words)

	Boleslaus III of Poland - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-19)
		Boleslaus III the Wrymouth (Bolesław III Krzywousty), (1086-1138) was duke of Poland from 1102.
		He was a son of Ladislaus Herman of Poland and, daughter of emperor Henry III.
		Boleslaus III was thus the brother in law of emperor Henry IV.
	www.bonneylake.us /project/wikipedia/index.php/Boleslaus_III_of_Poland (361 words)

	Domestic-Church.Com:Saint Profile: Saint Casimir
		Casimir died in 1482, of tuberculosis when he was 24 years old, having spend his life serving a King higher than his father.
		Saint Casimir was the third among the thirteen children of Casimir III, King of Poland and Elizabeth of Austria.
		Casimir and his brothers were extremely fond of their teacher and begged him never to leave them for any other position.
	www.domestic-church.com /CONTENT.DCC/19980301/SAINTS/STCASIMR.HTM (1295 words)

	CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: St. Casimir
		He was the grandson of Wladislaus II Jagiello, King of Poland, who introduced Christianity into Lithuania, and the second son of King Casimir IV and Queen Elizabeth, an Austrian princess, the daughter of Albert II, Emperor of Germany and King of Bohemia and Hungary.
		Sigismund I, King of Poland, petitioned the pope for Casimir's canonization, and Pope Leo X appointed the papal legate Zaccaria Ferreri, Bishop of Guardalfiera, the Archbishop of Gnesen, and the Bishop of Przemysl to investigate the life and miracles of Casimir.
		In Poland and Lithuania churches and chapels are dedicated to him, as at Rozana and on the River Dzwina near Potocka, where he is said to have contributed miraculously to a victory of the Polish army over the Russians.
	www.newadvent.org /cathen/03402a.htm (914 words)

	John II Casimir Of Poland Encyclopedia Article, Definition, History, Biography (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-19)
		His parents were Sigismund III of Poland (1566-1632), and Constance of Austria Habsburg (1588-1631).
		Poland and Sweden were also on opposite sides in the Thirty Years' War (1618-1648), although Poland, for the most part, has avoided taking part in any major military actions in that war.
		In 1660 John Casimir II was forced to renounce his claims to the Swedish throne and acknowledge Swedish sovereignty over Livonia and city of Riga.
	popularityguide.com /encyclopedia/John_II_Casimir_of_Poland (1184 words)

	John III Sobieski, King of Poland - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-19)
		Jan was born in 1629 at, Poland to Jakub (James) Sobieski (1580-1646), Voivod of Ruthenian Voivodship and Castellan of Kraków and Zofia Teofillia (Daniłowicz), granddaughter of Hetman Stanislaw Zolkiewski.
		King John III Sobieski, nicknamed by the Turks the "Lion of Lechistan", and the last great king of Poland, died in Wilanów, Poland on June 17, 1696.
		His wife, Marie Casimire, died in 1716 in Blois, France and her body was returned to Poland.
	www.leessummit.us /project/wikipedia/index.php/John_III_Sobieski,_King_of_Poland (823 words)

	Sigismund III of Poland - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-19)
		King Sigismund III of Poland, Sigismund of Sweden (June 20, 1566 O.S. – April 19, 1632), was the son of King John III of Sweden (1537 – 1592), of the House of Vasa, and his first wife Catherine Jagellonica of Poland (1526 – 1583).
		He ruled in Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, where he was known as Zygmunt III Waza, from 1587 to 1632 and in Sweden, where he was known as Sigismund Vasa, from 1592 until he was deposed in 1599.
		Vladislaus (1595 – 1648), (reigned 1632 – 1648 as Władysław IV Waza of Poland)
	www.sevenhills.us /project/wikipedia/index.php/Sigismund_III_of_Poland (975 words)

	Wladislaus II of Poland - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-19)
		The Jagiellonian era is usually characterised as the start of Poland's "golden age", and saw the country become a major European power and extend its frontiers to the north and east.
		Before that the Piasts were monarchs of Poland, in last century intermitting with the Bohemian Przemysls and followed by a brief period of Angevins.
		Jagiello was married in 1385 to Queen Jadwiga of Poland (1374-1399).
	www.secaucus.us /project/wikipedia/index.php/Wladyslaw_II_Jagiello (1203 words)

	AllRefer.com - Casimir III (Polish History, Biography) - Encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-19)
		Casimir III 1310–70, king of Poland (1333–70), son of Ladislaus I and last of the Piast dynasty.
		He strengthened the royal power at the expense of the nobility and clergy; codified Polish law in the Statute of Wislica, alleviating the lot of the peasants (hence he was "king of the peasants"); improved the condition of the Jews; encouraged industry, commerce, and agriculture; and founded (1364) the Univ. of KrakOw.
		Casimir was succeeded by his Angevin nephew, King Louis I of Hungary.
	reference.allrefer.com /encyclopedia/C/Casimir3.html (258 words)

	Jagiellonian University - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-19)
		Jagiellonian University (Polish: Uniwersytet Jagielloński) is a university in Krakow, Poland.
		It was founded in 1364 by Casimir III of Poland as Akademia Krakowska.
		Paweł Włodkowic (1370-1435), lawyer, diplomat and politician, representative of Poland on the Council of Constance
	www.northmiami.us /project/wikipedia/index.php/Jagiellonian_University (535 words)

	Zloty - Unipedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-19)
		It remained in circulation after the Partitions of Poland and both the Duchy of Warsaw and the Congress Kingdom used it.
		Poland's entry into the European Union (2004) means it must adopt the euro but not immediately.
		Poland itself said in June 2004 that it would like to join the euro in 2008, this forecast mainly being made due to its strong quarterly GDP growth and the lowering of the budget deficit.
	www.unipedia.info /PLN.html (712 words)

	Zolynia Memorial: The Owners of Zolynia
		Poland was a feudal society well into the 18th century, and the owner of the local manor collected rents and taxes and raised military units for the area's defense.
		There were numerous wars and invasions of this part of Poland during the 17th century, and local towns were burned and sacked a number of times.
		By the time Count Alfred III inherited the family titles and estates in 1915, he was among the richest and most connected people in Europe.
	www.zolynia.org /zolynia2002/owners-nobility.htm (624 words)

	Saint Casimir, Prince of Poland
		A.D. ST CASIMIR was the third among the thirteen children of Casimir III, King of Poland, and of Elizabeth of Austria, daughter to the Emperor Albert II, a most virtuous woman, who died in 1505.
		Casimir and the other princes were so affectionately attached to the holy man, who was their preceptor, that they could not bear to be separated from him.
		Casimir is the patron of Poland and several other places, and is proposed to youth as a particular pattern of purity.
	home1.gte.net /stcas/id5.html (2261 words)

	History of POLAND (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-19)
		The Teutonic knights are a long-term threat to Poland's security, but the next few years bring a more immediate crisis in the sudden arrival of the Mongol horde of Batu Khan.
		Casimir the Great, son of Wladyslaw, presides over a period of peace and prosperity in Poland.
		Growth of the towns, advances in learning (linked with the founding of a university in Cracow in 1364) and the provision of public buildings all testify to the wise patronage of Casimir - as does his unconventional decision to welcome to Poland the Jews displaced by persecution elsewhere after the horrors of the Black Death.
	www.historyworld.net /wrldhis/PlainTextHistories.asp?historyid=ab01 (990 words)

	Knowledge Products Audiobooks - Poland
		The breakdown of Europe's Eastern Bloc proves that the map of Europe cannot be redrawn merely to serve political ends.
		Poland is at height of Golden Age (ca 1580-1700); largest state in Europe.
		Hitler renounces pact with Poland (1939), agrees with Russia to partition Poland (Fourth Partition).
	www.audioclassics.net /html/hot_files/poland.cfm (367 words)

	MyJewishLearning.com - History & Community: Destination: Poland
		Immigration of Jewish settlers to Poland, which began in the first half of the thirteenth century, led to the establishment of settlements in the western part of its territory....
		The Jews of Poland learned from experience, and after a few years in their new settlements, they organized themselves into communities which would serve as a base for their continued existence there.
		In the kingdom of Poland, Casimir III confirmed (1334) the privilege[s] granted to the Jews.
	www.myjewishlearning.com /history_community/Medieval/TheStory6321666/Expulsion/Poland.htm (1012 words)

	Galicia (Central Europe) - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-19)
		Their efforts were rewarded by papal acclamation of the prince of Halich-Volynia as the "King of Rus'", an era which came to an end around 1340-1349, when King Casimir III of Poland conquered Galicia.
		However, a large portion of Little Poland was also added to the province, which changed the geographical reference of the term, Galicia.
		L'viv -- Lemberg served as the capital of Austrian Galicia, which was dominated by the Polish aristocracy, despite the fact that the population of the eastern half of the province was in the majority Ruthenian or Ukrainian with large minorities of Jews and Poles.
	www.peacelink.de /keyword/Galicia_(Eastern_Europe).php (779 words)

	Krakow (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-19)
		This historical town is situated in southern Poland (region Malopolska and Malopolskie voivoidship), on the Vistula River (Wisła) at the foot of Wawel Hill.
		The greatest period of Krakow's history began with the reign of King Casimir III of Poland who founded a university, the Jagiellonian University, the second oldest in central Europe after the University of Prague.
		In 1475 delegates of the elector George the Rich of Bavaria came to Krakow to negotiate the marriage of Hedwig, the daughter of King Casimir IV Jagiello to George the Rich.
	www.theezine.net /k/krakow.html (1317 words)

	poland (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-19)
		Poland was one of the strongest states in Europe until the practice of dividing the kingdom between all of a king's sons caused it to disintegrate into small warring principalities.
		Casimir was an enlightened ruler, initiating many reforms in government and administration and giving aid and succour to Jews expelled from the West but he was the last of the Piast dynasty and on his death his Crown went to King Louis of Hungary.
		Vladislav's brother, Casimir IV, is not popular in Poland because he is thought to favour Lithuanians at his court.
	freespace.virgin.net /sheldon.stevens/poland.html (359 words)

	Casimir II of Poland (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-19)
		Casimir II the Just''' (1138 - 5 May 1194; Polish languagePolish: '''Kazimierz II Sprawiedliwy) of the Piast dynasty was the youngest son of Boleslaus III of Poland.
		Born shortly before or after his father's death, and omitted (possibly for that reason) from Boleslaus's will dividing the kingdom between Casimir's four elder brothers, he set about securing the territorial basis for a claim to power, gaining the dukedom of Wislica in 1167 and of Sandomierz in 1173.
		Parents: Boleslaus_III_of_PolandBoleslaus III the Wrymouth, duke of Poland, and Salome von Berg-Schelklingen/, daughter of Henry duke of Berg,
	www.infothis.com /find/Casimir_II_of_Poland (156 words)

	Galicia Central Europe - Term Explanation on IndexSuche.Com
		As the successor state to Kievan-Rus', Galicia comprised an autonomous principality from 1087 to 1253 (united to Volynia in the state of Halych-Volynia from around 1200), which became a vassal kingdom of the Mongol Golden_Horde from 1253 to 1340.
		As such, the Austrian region of Poland and Ukraine was known as the Kingdom of Galicia and Lodomeria to underline the Hungarian claims to the country.
		In 1918, Western Galicia became a part of the restored Republic of Poland, while the local Ukrainian population briefly declared the independence of Eastern Galicia as the "Western_Ukrainian_Republic".
	www.indexsuche.com /Galicia_(Central_Europe).html (652 words)

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