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Topic: Caspase

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	Caspase - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Caspases are essential in cells for apoptosis, one of the main types of programmed cell death in development and most other stages of adult life.
		The caspase cascade can be activated by Granzyme B released by cytotoxic T lymphocytes which is known to activate caspase-3, -7, -8 and -10; death receptors (like FAS, TRAIL and TNF) which can activate caspase-8 and -10; and the apoptosome, regulated by cytochrome c and the Bcl-2 family, which activates caspase-9.
		The importance of caspases to apoptosis and programmed cell death was originally established by Robert Horvitz and colleagues who found that the ced-3 gene was required for the cell death that took place during the development of the nematode C.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Caspase (788 words)

	Flow detection of caspase activity (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-04)
		Caspase activation is a cellular event associated with the onset of apoptotic death.
		A caspase 3 substrate complex of this type is available (termed PhiPhiLux) and is cell-permeable, allowing it to be loaded into cells for the intracellular detection of caspase 3.
		Caspase 3 activation therefore precedes the morphological changes in apoptotic death; a fraction of morphologically "viable" cells may therefore be preapoptotic.
	home.ncifcrf.gov /ccr/flowcore/caspase3.htm (1323 words)

	THE ROLE OF CASPASE-3 IN APOPTOSIS (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-04)
		One set of mediators implicated in apoptosis belong to the asparate-specific cysteinyl proteases or caspases.
		The cleaved fragments of gelsolin led to the cleavage of the actin filaments in a Ca independent manner.
		Therefore, the authors suggested that cleaved fragments of gelsolin may be implicated in apoptosis.
	www.bioscience.org /news/scientis/caspase.htm (310 words)

	InterPro: IPR001309 Caspase, p20 subunit (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-04)
		Caspases are composed of an N-terminal pro-domain that is cleaved during activation, and C-terminal catalytic and interaction domains [ 1 ].
		Caspases are mainly involved in mediating cell death (apoptosis), either as initiators that trigger the cell death process, or as effectors of the process itself [ 2, 3 ].
		Caspases can have roles other than in apoptosis, such as caspase-1 (interleukin-1 beta convertase) (3.4.22.36), which is involved in the inflammatory process.
	www.ebi.ac.uk /interpro/IEntry?ac=IPR001309 (3026 words)

	Caspase Cascade
		The caspases convey the apoptotic signal in a proteolytic cascade, with caspases cleaving and activating other caspases that subsequently degrade cellular targets that lead to cell death.
		Caspase-8 is the initial caspase activated in response to receptors with a death domain that interacts with FADD.
		The effector caspases, caspase-3, -6 and-7 are downstream of the activator caspases and act to cleave various cellular targets.
	www.sigmaaldrich.com /Area_of_Interest/Life_Science/Cell_Signaling/Scientific_Resources/Pathway_Slides___Charts/Caspase_Cascade.html (235 words)

	Product Detail for Caspase 7 (IM3433)
		Caspase 7 (also known as Mch-3 / ICE-LAP3 / CMH-1) is a 35 kDa protein that has the highest similarity to caspase 3 / CPP32 (52% amino acid identity) between all caspase members.
		This molecule acts as an "effector" caspase (effector caspases inclue caspase 3, 6, and 7) that is cleaved by "initiator" caspases (which include caspase 8, 9, and 10) into active form that cleave in turn various cellular proteins leading to the execution of apoptosis.
		Studies have shown that in Fas-mediated hepatocyte apoptosis, active caspase 7 is associated almost exclusively with mitochondrial and microsomal fractions, whereas active caspase 3 is confined primarily to the cytosol.
	www.beckman.com /products/instrument/flowcytometry/ecatalog/productDetail.asp?partnumber=IM3433&pf=1 (299 words)

	CPP32 (Caspase-3, YAMA, Apopain) antibodies from Research Diagnostics Inc
		In combination with caspase 3 activity assays, the active recombinant caspase 3 is useful in biological screening of caspase substrates and inhibitors.
		Activity: The rate of caspase enzymatic hydrolysis was measured by release of AMC from the Ac-DEVD-AMC caspase substrate as emission at 440 nm upon excitation at 380 nm using a spectrofluorometer.
		Each caspase is synthesized as an inactive proenzyme that is processed by cleavage at asparte residues by another protease or by self-proteolysis.
	www.researchd.com /miscabs/cpp32ab.htm (2089 words)

	Polyclonal Antibody to Caspase-1
		Caspases are a family of cysteine proteases that are key mediators of programmed cell death or apoptosis (1).
		The precursor form of all caspases is composed of a prodomain, and large and small catalytic subunits.
		All known caspases require cleavage adjacent to aspartates to liberate one large and one small subunit, which associate into a tetramer to form the active enzyme.
	www.imgenex.com /antibody_details.php?catalog=IMG-5025 (283 words)

	Product Detail for Caspase 9 (IM3434)
		Caspase 9 (ICE-LAP6 or Mch-6), a 45 kDa protein, is involved in one of the relatively well characterized caspase cascades.
		This molecule acts as an "initiator" caspase (initiator caspases include caspase 8, 9, and 10) that cleaves "effector" caspases (which include caspase 3, 6, and 7) into active forms that cleave in turn various cellular proteins leading to execution of apoptosis.
		Caspase 9 is triggered by cytochrome c released from mitochondria, which promotes the activation of caspase 9 by forming a complex with APAF-1 in the presence of dATP.
	www.beckman.com /products/instrument/flowcytometry/ecatalog/productDetail.asp?partnumber=IM3434 (268 words)

	Apoptosis Protocols and Applications Guide
		Caspase activation involves cleaving the zymogen at a specific aspartic acid in the region between the large and small subunits and removing the prodomain.
		Caspase zymogens are cleaved between the large and small subunits, and the prodomains are removed.
		The caspase family of cysteine proteases are the central mediators of the proteolytic cascade leading to cell death and elimination of compromised cells.
	www.promega.com /paguide/chap3.htm (9520 words)

	Caspase-independent cell death in AML: caspase inhibition in vitro with pan-caspase inhibitors or in vivo by XIAP or ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-04)
		of caspases, the cleavage of PARP (a caspase substrate), the
		Omi release was inhibited by the caspase inhibitor to basal
		Caspase 2 and caspase 3 as predictors of complete remission and survival in adults with acute lymphoblastic leukemia.
	www.bloodjournal.org /cgi/content/full/102/12/4179 (5549 words)

	Caspase assay kits, active caspase, caspase inhibitor and siRNA vector tools :: BioVision Inc. :: 800-891-9699 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-04)
		Analyze caspase activation in living cells by flow cytometry or fluorescence microscopy.
		Ready-to-use caspase inhibitors that are potent, cell-permeable, non-toxic and irreversibly bind to activated caspases to block apoptosis.
		Bulk caspase substrates in the ready-to-use form for both fluorometric and colorimetric assays.
	www.biovision.com /Apo-Caspase.html (281 words)

	In-vitro effects of FSH and testosterone withdrawal on caspase activation and DNA fragmentation in different cell types ...
		Caspase activity is visualized by green fluorescence in the cytoplasm of Sertoli cells but not in the nuclei (SCN).
		Caspase activity is accumulated in cytoplasmic granules surrounding the nucleus (arrow) but is absent within the nucleus.
		The cytoplasmic labelling (caspase activity) is visible in the post-nuclear cytoplasmic region.
	humrep.oxfordjournals.org /cgi/content/full/17/7/1811 (4862 words)

	Monitoring Caspase Activity in Living Cells Using Fluorescent Proteins and Flow Cytometry -- He et al. 164 (6): 1901 -- ...
		of caspases is detected by the appearance of a transfected population
		In cells with caspase activity, there is a loss of FRET signals because of the cleavage of the probe and the physical separation of the CFP and YFP moieties.
		caspase 8 or stably transfected with bcl-x, the population of
	ajp.amjpathol.org /cgi/content/full/164/6/1901 (6852 words)

	Cytochrome c release into cytosol with subsequent caspase activation during warm ischemia in rat liver -- Soeda et al. ...
		Both share activation of effector caspases, specifically, caspase-3 (35, 36).
		Activation of caspase-3 and cleavage of caspase substrate during ischemia.
		A caspase inhibitor fully protects rats against lethal normothermic liver ischemia by inhibition of liver apoptosis.
	ajpgi.physiology.org /cgi/content/full/281/4/G1115 (4954 words)

	Caspase-mediated cleavage of the feline calicivirus capsid protein -- Al-Molawi et al. 84 (5): 1237 -- Journal of ...
		The involvement of caspases in FCV capsid cleavage implicates
		caspases identified caspase-2 and to a lesser extent, caspase-6
		Caulin, C., Salvesen, G. and Oshima, R. Caspase cleavage of keratin 18 and reorganization of intermediate filaments during epithelial cell apoptosis.
	vir.sgmjournals.org /cgi/content/full/84/5/1237 (4587 words)

	Proapoptotic Effects of Caspase-1/Interleukin-Converting Enzyme Dominate in Myocardial Ischemia -- Syed et al. 96 (10): ...
		(caspases 1, 4, 5, and 11) responsible for cytokine maturation.
		caspases of the death receptor and mitochondrial pathways.
		Release of mitochondrial cytochrome c and activation of cytosolic caspases induced by myocardial ischemia.
	circres.ahajournals.org /cgi/content/full/96/10/1103 (3571 words)

	Regulation of the expression and processing of caspase-12 -- Kalai et al. 162 (3): 457 -- The Journal of Cell Biology
		and TNF on the expression of the mRNAs of the mouse inflammatory caspase subfamily in L929r2 fibrosarcoma and B16/B16 melanoma cells.
		that of the proapoptotic caspases 3 and 9 was suppressed (Fig.
		An endoplasmic reticulum-specific stress-activated caspase (caspase-12) is implicated in the apoptosis of A549 epithelial cells by respiratory syncytial virus.
	www.jcb.org /cgi/content/full/162/3/457 (6541 words)

	Selective and Protracted Apoptosis in Human Primary Neurons Microinjected with Active Caspase-3, -6, -7, and -8 -- ...
		Resolving the role of caspase activation in neuronal apoptosis is fundamental to the understanding of neurodegenerative diseases.
		Masliah E, Masliah M, Alford M (1998) Caspase dependent DNA fragmentation might be associated with excitotoxicity in Alzheimer's disease.
		Nicholson D (1999) Caspase structure, proteolytic substrates, and function during apoptotic cell death.
	www.jneurosci.org /cgi/content/full/20/22/8384 (5099 words)

	Nitric Oxide Induces Thymocyte Apoptosis Via a Caspase-1-Dependent Mechanism -- Zhou et al. 165 (3): 1252 -- The ...
		Caspase activity was measured as previously described (25).
		Purified ICAD was incubated with the cytosolic fraction in the presence or absence of the caspase inhibitors YVAD-fmk, DEVD-fmk, VEID-fmk, or LEHD-fmk.
		caspases may substitute for caspase-1 in caspase-1 KO mice.
	www.jimmunol.org /cgi/content/full/165/3/1252 (4345 words)

	Proteolysis of the Mismatch Repair Protein MLH1 by Caspase-3 Promotes DNA Damage-induced Apoptosis -- Chen et al. 279 ...
		Caspases are organized in a proteolytic cascade in which
		caspase was confirmed using a known substrate (data not presented).
		Caspase cleavage of MLH1 leads to its partial redistribution from the nucleus to the cytoplasm and promotes apoptosis.
	www.jbc.org /cgi/content/full/279/26/27542 (4313 words)

	FLICE/caspase-8 activation triggers anoikis induced by {beta}1-integrin blockade in human keratinocytes -- Marconi et ...
		Caspases are present as inactive zymogens (pro-caspases) and,
		Caspases are activated earlier in young TA (yTA) than in KSC.
		Li, H., Zhu, H., Xu, C. and Yuan, J. Cleavage of BID by caspase 8 mediates the mitochondrial damage in the Fas pathway of apoptosis.
	jcs.biologists.org /cgi/content/full/117/24/5815 (5394 words)

	The Caspase Gallery (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-04)
		This family of cysteine-proteases is a key mediator of apoptosis (programmed cell death), which is a fundamentally important regulatory process to eliminate unwanted cells during development or tissue regulation.
		More than ten caspase family members have been cloned and sequenced by now, and our knowledge of their physiological importance is growing rapidly.
		Here are some pictures to get a closer look on the structure of these remarkable proteases, and some of their regulators.
	www.enzim.hu /~gaspar/caspase.html (111 words)

	Activated caspase 3 and cleaved poly(ADP-ribose)polymerase in salivary epithelium suggest a pathogenetic mechanism for ...
		Activated caspase 3 and cleaved poly(ADP-ribose)polymerase in salivary epithelium suggest a pathogenetic mechanism for Sjogren's syndrome -- Jimenez et al.
		Note that SS ductal (D) and acinar (A) cells stain positive for the proenzyme form of caspase 9 but are negative for the activated form.
		The infiltrating lymphocytes in the SS biopsies stain negative for activated caspase 9.
	rheumatology.oxfordjournals.org /cgi/content/full/41/3/338 (2258 words)

	Caspase-3 and -6 Expression and Enzyme Activity in Hen Granulosa Cells -- Johnson and Bridgham 62 (3): 589 -- Biology ...
		caspases, chicken caspase-1 [17] and caspase-2 [18], have been
		The role of the caspase family of cysteine proteases in apoptosis.
		Inhibition of ICE-related proteases (caspases) and nuclear apoptosis by phenylarsineoxide.
	www.biolreprod.org /cgi/content/full/62/3/589 (5862 words)

	Mechanisms of Neural Cell Death: Implications for Development of Neuroprotective Treatment Strategies -- Yakovlev and ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-04)
		caspases that are involved in the execution of the apoptotic
		caspases, and their apical activation pathways are poorly understood.
		Bitko V, Barik S. An endoplasmic reticulum-specific stress-activated caspase (caspase-12) is implicated in the apoptosis of A549 epithelial cells by respiratory syncytial virus.
	www.neurorx.org /cgi/content/full/1/1/5 (6723 words)

	Tocotrienol-Induced Caspase-8 Activation Is Unrelated to Death Receptor Apoptotic Signaling in Neoplastic Mammary ...
		Vitamin E inhibition of normal mammary epithelial cell growth is associated with a reduction in protein kinase C(alpha) activation.
		Mammalian caspases: structure, activation, substrates, and functions during apoptosis.
		Distinct caspase cascades are initiated in receptor-mediated and chemical-induced apoptosis.
	www.ebmonline.org /cgi/content/full/229/8/745 (4560 words)

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