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	Caspian Sea - MSN Encarta
		The Caspian Sea is bordered on the west by Azerbaijan and Russia, on the northeast and east by Kazakhstan, on the east by Turkmenistan, and on the south by Iran.
		The Caspian coastline is irregular, with large gulfs on the east, including Krasnovodsk Gulf and the very shallow Garabogazköl Gulf, which acts as an evaporation basin and is the site of a major chemical plant that extracts salts from the deposits.
		The southern and southwestern shorelines of the Caspian Sea are bordered by the Elburz Mountains and the Caucasus Mountains.
	encarta.msn.com /encyclopedia_761560153/Caspian_Sea.html (665 words)

	Asia and Oceania
		It is bounded on the N by the South China Sea, on the N and E by the Pacific Ocean, and on the S and W by the Indian Ocean.
		Iran is bounded on the N by Armenia, Azerbaijan, Turkmenistan, and the Caspian Sea, on the E by Afghanistan and Pakistan, on the S by the Gulf of Oman and the Persian Gulf, on the W by Iraq, and on the NW by Turkey, with a total land boundary length of 5,440 km (3,380 mi).
		Situated off the eastern edge of the Asian continent, the Japanese archipelago is bounded on the N by the Sea of Okhotsk, on the E and S by the Pacific Ocean, on the SW by the East China Sea, and on the W by the Sea of Japan.
	www.nationsencyclopedia.com /Asia-and-Oceania (6262 words)

	Caspian Sea
		The Caspian Sea is stretched from north to south to 1200km; the medium width is 320km, the length of the shore line is about 7000km (6000km of which in the territory of Russia and other countries).
		The Caspian Sea crosses some climate zones: in the northern part - the continental, on the western – the temperate-warm, in the south-western – wet-subtropical, on the east – dry-steppe zone.
		The falling of the sea level is the result of dry climate, and the building of the largest hydrotechnic and irrigation buildings on the river.
	www.advantour.com /kazakhstan/caspian-sea.htm (568 words)

	Caspian Sea - LoveToKnow 1911
		It is separated from (3), the southern and deepest section of the Caspian, by a submarine ridge (30 to 150 fathoms of water), which links the main range of the Caucasus on the west with the Kopet-dagh in the Transcaspian region on the east.
		This section of the sea washes on the south the base of the Elburz range in Persia, sweeping round from the mouth of the Kura, a little north of the Bay of Kizil-agach, to Astarabad at an average distance of 40 m.
		While the proportion of common salt to sulphate of magnesia is as r r to r in the water of the Black Sea and as 2 to 1 in the Caspian water generally, it is as 12.8 to 5.03 in the Kara-boghaz.
	www.1911encyclopedia.org /Caspian_Sea (3042 words)

	SCS: Caspian Seal (Phoca caspica)
		In April-June 2000 several thousand Caspian seals were found dead and dying along the Kazakhstan coast in the northeast Caspian Sea, further south in Turkmenistan, and also along the northwest and west Caspian Sea coasts of Russia and Azerbaijan.
		Pollution in the Caspian Sea is also affecting the reproductive success of females, the proportion of barren females being as high as 64-70% in the late 1980s and more than 70% in the late 1990s.
		In conclusion, although the present population status of the Caspian seal is not known, and the species may possibly still number over 100,000, it must be assumed that the species cannot withstand indefinitely the combined and persistent effects of continued hunting, disease, low fertility, fisheries bycatch and possible decrease of prey abundance.
	www.pinnipeds.org /species/caspian.htm (1146 words)

	caspian sea map and map of the caspian sea size depth history information page
		The Caspian Sea, located in western Asia on the eastern edges of Europe, is the largest lake on the planet.
		The sea is bordered by the countries of Azerbaijan, Russia, Kazakhstan, Turkmenistan and Iran.
		Fresh water flows into the sea via the Volga River and Ural River in the north, however, the sea remains somewhat salty, central and south.
	worldatlas.com /aatlas/infopage/caspiansea.htm (294 words)

	CEP: General background
		The Caspian Sea is the biggest enclosed body of water on Earth, having an even larger area than that of the American Great Lakes or that of Lake Victoria in East Africa.
		At the beginning of the 20th century, when the sea level was much higher, the strait between the Caspian Sea and Kara-Bogaz-Gol allowed a flow of 30 km3 of water per year to the smaller basin.
		The Caspian region lies in the center of the Palaearctic zoogeographical realm and is comprised of two major biomes – cold, continental deserts and semi-deserts in the north and east and, warmer mixed mountain and highland systems with complex zonation in the southwest and south.
	www.caspianenvironment.org /caspian.htm (1516 words)

	Caspian Sea. The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. 2001-05
		The chief ports on the Caspian are Baky, a major oil center, and Astrakhan, at the mouth of the Volga.
		Underlying the Caspian are some of the world’s largest oil reserves, and the five surrounding countries, all with major stakes in oil-field development, have disputed zones of control, although Russia has signed territorial agreements with Kazakhstan and Azerbaijan.
		The northern part of the sea is the chief source of beluga caviar, but the destruction of spawning areas and illegal fishing has greatly reduced the number of sturgeon, and fishing quotas have been imposed.
	www.bartleby.com /65/ca/CaspianS.html (356 words)

	Caspian Sea Oil
		Six independent states have emerged, in the Caspian Region, out of the breakup of the Soviet Union: Azerbaijan, Armenia and Georgia on the west side of the Caspian Sea, and Kazakstan, Terkmenistan and Uzbekistan on the east side.
		And while Uzbekistan, sandwiched between Kazaksan and Turkmenistan, also does not border the Caspian Sea, it possesses a significant amount of natural gas and is on the checkerboard of proposed pipelines running eastward toward China and southward toward Pakistan.
		Whether the new Caspian petro-dollars would pacify this geopolitically volcanic region or not, pipelines are being laid out from the shores of the Caspian Sea to the Shores of the Black Sea, the Mediterranean, China, and Baltic Sea.
	members.tripod.com /~KELSAGHIR/Caspian/index (2549 words)

	Caspian Sea - olelog - by Ole Nielsen
		Caspian sea level change is forced by global processes such as the North Atlantic Oscillation, solar forcing, deglaciation and tectonics.
		The Caspian sea, now at -27 m below oceanic sea level, is known to have had high-stands of +50 m and (probably) -80 m in the last 100,000 years, and even higher high-stands further afield.
		Sea level change is one of the most pervasive environmental processes that have affected humanity in the past and will continue to do so in the future.
	my.opera.com /nielsol/blog/2007/04/11/caspian-sea (585 words)

	Caspian Sea information - Search.com
		The Caspian Sea is a landlocked endorheic sea of Eurasia between Asia and Europe.
		The Caspian Sea is bordered by Russia (Dagestan, Kalmykia, Astrakhan Oblast), Republic of Azerbaijan, Iran/Persia (Guilan, Mazandaran and Golestan provinces), Turkmenistan (Balkan Province), and Kazakhstan, with the central Asian steppes to the north and east.
		The word Caspian is derived from "Caspi", one of the tribes that lived in modern Iranian state of Gilan during the classical period.
	domainhelp.search.com /reference/Caspian_Sea (1781 words)

	Caspian Sea \| Encyclopedia of Modern Asia
		The Caspian Sea divides the Eurasian landmass, separating the mountainous Caucasus region to the west from the deserts of Central Asia to the east.
		Hydrocarbon exploitation in the Caspian Sea was limited during the Soviet era, but since the dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991, the Caspian basin's huge, undeveloped natural resources have been the source of much international attention.
		Previously, the sea's legal status was governed by 1921 and 1940 treaties between the Soviet Union and Iran, but since Azerbaijan, Kazakhstan, and Turkmenistan received their independence, the Caspian littoral states have been unable to agree on a new legal regime governing the use of the surface, water, and subsea hydrocarbon resources.
	www.bookrags.com /research/caspian-sea-ema-01 (462 words)

	Geography of Iran: Names of the Caspian Sea
		The names of the sea have been derived from five roots, which also designate the tribes residing in the vicinity, the surrounding towns and port cities as well as a few equivalents of the word`Sea' in other dialects and others which have been used to refer to the waterway without any justification.
		The report served as one of the documents used by the conference to ratify the name of Caspian in 2002.Iran has 5,434 km of inland border and 2,410 water border, of which more than 500 km are located along the Caspian Sea and 1,900 km along the Persian Sea (Houman Sea).
		Thus, every area near the Caspian coast has been named either after the name of the tribe residing there or that of a nearby town, so that currently 50 ethnic groups with their own particular dialects including Altai Turks, Indo-Europeans and Iber Caucasians are coexisting along the Caspian coast.
	www.iranchamber.com /geography/articles/names_of_caspian_sea.php (1624 words)

	ESA - Observing the Earth - Earth from Space: The southern Caspian Sea
		Variously classed as the world's largest lake or the smallest full-fledged sea, the Caspian is the largest landlocked water body in the world, with a total surface area of 371 000 square kilometres.
		The Caspian is bordered by Russia and Kazakhstan to the north, Azerbaijan to the west, Turkmenistan to the east and Iran to the south.
		The Caspian Sea's maximum depth is 980 metres, on the western side, with a shallow sub-100-metre shelf to the eastern side.
	www.esa.int /esaEO/SEM5GYTLWFE_index_0.html (587 words)

	[No title]
		The Caspian Coast including the three littoral provinces of Gilân (center Rasht), Golestân (center Gorgân) and Mâzanderân (center Sâri), with its thick forests and intensive rice cultivation presents a striking contrast to the dry inner plateau of Iran.
		The picturesque provinces of Golestân, Mâzanderân and Gilân bound by the Caspian Sea in the north and, Alborz(Elborz) Range in the south, are divided into a multitude of valleys whose rivers drain into the sea.
		The total area of the Caspian Sea is 435,000 square kilometers or one fourth the size of Iran.
	medlem.spray.se /davidgorgan/Caspiansea.html (816 words)

	Caspian Sea
		In mid-1998, the five countries that border the Caspian met for the first time to discuss the need to balance natural resource exploitation with the biological sustainability of the region, whose environment is currently considered to be in critical condition.
		However, as Russia, Kazakhstan, Turkmenistan, Iran, and Azerbaijan continue to struggle over the classification of the Caspian as a sea versus a lake, the absence of distinct national spheres of responsibility for particular areas creates a commons dilemma.
		They arise because the Caspian is not technically a "sea" as defined by the 1982 UN Convention on the Law of the Sea, but rather "a special inner sea".
	www.wws.princeton.edu /~wws401c/1998/caspian.html (1391 words)

	Part III: The Caspian Sea
		The salinity of the Caspian Sea water ranges between 0.2 g/litre at the mouth of the Volga to 12-13 g/litre in the central and southern parts.
		The situation of oscillations in the level of the Caspian Sea is typical of closed lakes.
		Thus, sharp variations in the level of the Caspian Sea are the most characteristic feature of its regime at time-scales of tens and hundreds of years.
	www.unu.edu /unupress/unupbooks/uu18ce/uu18ce08.htm (4829 words)

	Global Environmental Problems in the Caspian Region
		The Russian Federation coastline on the Caspian is divided among three of its administrative units: the Republic of Kalmykia, the Republic of Dagestan, and the Astrakhan Oblast.
		There is a proverbial "window of opportunity" in the Caspian region, given the recent emergence of newly independent states, to address environmental problems in the region early in their development, and well before they become a crisis (although the condition of the sturgeon fishery is already acknowledged to be in a crisis stage).
		Caspian governments have witnessed what has happened to the sturgeon fish population in the absence of an effective intergovernmental response to a creeping problem of which they were all aware.
	www.ccb.ucar.edu /caspian/index.html (8362 words)

	Caspian Basin Alert -Physical Environment (Site not responding. Last check: )
		But this "sea" is completely land locked; that is, it doesn’t share a border with a ocean or have a outlet to the ocean.
		However, the water that composes the sea is salty, except in the northern end of the Caspian Basin where river tributaries are mainly located.
		The Caspian Sea is home to about 130 species of fish, including the sturgeon, sometimes referred to as a living fossil because it was alive during the time of the dinosaurs.
	academic.evergreen.edu /g/grossmaz/caspiansea.html (459 words)

	Caviar (Caspian Sea)
		Beluga is on the verge of extinction in the Sea of Azov (Caviar Emptor 2004b).
		For example, about 30% of the Stellate Sturgeon in the Caspian Sea and all in the Sea of Azov were hatchery born in the early 1990s; and a full 96% of Beluga sturgeon in the Volga River in 2001 were thought to be from hatcheries (CITES 2000).
		The Decline of the Caspian Sea Sturgeon and the Road to Recovery.
	www.blueoceaninstitute.org /seafood/species/104.html (3092 words)

	Caspian Sea Library (Site not responding. Last check: )
		As the newly independent countries of the Caspian region work to enhance their sovereignty and to create stability within their own borders and in the region, energy resource development has emerged as a critical factor and means to these ends.
		While the extent of Caspian oil reserves is not yet definitively known, several observers estimate them to be in the range of 90 billion barrels, which is comparable to similar estimates for Iran.
		Caspian crude might also displace Iranian oil and other crude which is now imported into the Black Sea through the Bosporous for refineries in Romania and other countries.
	www.treemedia.com /cfrlibrary/library/energy/excerpt.html (2206 words)

	CASPIAN SEA
		During the 1960's and 1970's, the Caspian Sea was polluted as adversary countries competed to reap the benefits of sturgeon fishing.
		Today, the Caspian Sea is threatened by pollution, which has led the main exporters of caviar to take initiatives designed to help protect its abundant supply of sturgeon.
		Second, the Caspian Sea was very polluted during the 1960's and 1970's and the many countries surrounded are attending to keep it clear and conserve its pressure resources.
	www.american.edu /TED/caspian.htm (1458 words)

	Welcome to the Caspian Sea Level Project Site
		The outflow is mainly by evaporation at the sea surface and to the KaraBogaz Gol.
		Caspian sea level oscillations may be a hundred time as rapid as eustatic ones.
		These data would indicate that Caspian Sea level could be a good proxy for historical changes in the NAO and might be used to calibrate Global Circulation Models for the Quaternary.
	www.caspage.citg.tudelft.nl /project.html (1999 words)

	Water Features and Water Issues: Caspian Sea
		The northern part of the Caspian is still ice-bound, despite the heavy spring flow into the sea from the Ural and Volga Rivers.
		The level of the Caspian Sea has risen about 2 meters in the past few years, flooding much of the northern and eastern coastal regions of the Caspian.
		The large shallow bay along the eastern shore of the Caspian, the Zaliv Kara Bogaz Gol, is an effective evaporating basin for the sea.
	eol.jsc.nasa.gov /newsletter/html_Mir/caspian.htm (544 words)

	Caviar (Caspian Sea)
		Beluga is on the verge of extinction in the Sea of Azov (Caviar Emptor 2004b).
		For example, about 30% of the Stellate Sturgeon in the Caspian Sea and all in the Sea of Azov were hatchery born in the early 1990s; and a full 96% of Beluga sturgeon in the Volga River in 2001 were thought to be from hatcheries (CITES 2000).
		The Decline of the Caspian Sea Sturgeon and the Road to Recovery.
	blueocean.org /seafood/species/104.html (3093 words)

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