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	Saturn
		The gap between the A and B rings is known as the Cassini division.
		They are prominent in the Cassini images which also show some as yet unexplained wispy spiral structures.
		This categorization is actually somewhat misleading as the density of particles varies in a complex way not indicated by a division into neat regions: there are variations within the rings; the gaps are not entirely empty; the rings are not perfectly circular.
	www.nineplanets.org /saturn.html (1430 words)

	Rings of Saturn - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Cassini Division is a 4,800 km (2,980 mile) region between the A Ring and B Ring.
		Its inner boundary is the Cassini Division and its sharp outer boundary is the orbit of the small moon Atlas.
		The division is centered at a distance 133,580 kilometers from Saturn's center, and has a width of 325 kilometers.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Cassini_Division (1174 words)

	Giovanni Domenico Cassini (1625-1712)
		In 1675, Cassini discovered that Saturn's rings are separated into two parts by a gap, which is now called Cassini Division in his honor; he (correctly) presumed that Saturn's rings were composed of myriads of small particles.
		Cassini was the founder of a dynasty of four astronomers in Paris: His son Jaques Cassini (Cassini II, 1677-1756), his grandson César François Cassini (Cassini III, 1714-84) and his grand-grandson Jean Dominique Cassini (Cassini IV, 1748-1845) followed him as directors of the Paris Observatory.
		He is reported by his son, Jacques Cassini, to have discovered a "nebula" somewhen before 1711 in the area between Canis Major and Canis Minor and "which was one of the finest to be seen in the telescope".
	www.seds.org /messier/xtra/Bios/cassini.html (594 words)

	What Does It Take To See Width In The Cassini Division?
		Porcellino: Cassini’'s division separates the brightest portion of the B ring from the brightest portion of the A ring.
		In the Cassini division, the light gradient and therefore contrast across the boundary of the division is at a maximum.
		The Cassini division separates the brightest portion of the B ring from the brightest portion of the A ring.
	www.cloudynights.com /item.php?item_id=1132 (9304 words)

	Cassini Division - Search Results - MSN Encarta
		Cassini Division, apparent gap in the ring system of Saturn, first observed and described by the Italian astronomer Giovanni Domenico Cassini in...
		In the 18th century Edmond Halley used a combination of Newton’s and Kepler’s laws to explain the orbits of comets, and successfully predicted the...
		The apparent separation between the A and B rings is called Cassini's division, after its discoverer, the French astronomer Giovanni Cassini....
	uk.encarta.msn.com /Cassini_Division.html (116 words)

	Space Today Online - Cassini explores the Saturn system - Huygens explores Titan
		Cassini sent home new evidence that Saturn's moon Phoebe is an outsider that wandered in from deep space and was captured by the planet's gravity.
		Cassini is scheduled to work around Saturn for three more years amidst the planet's system of numerous rings and nearly three dozen moons.
		The Cassini project is managed by the Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) at Pasadena, California, for NASA's Office of Space Science, Washington, D.C. JPL is a division of the California Institute of Technology in Pasadena.
	www.spacetoday.org /SolSys/Saturn/CassiniSaturnNews.html (7235 words)

	NASA's Solar System Exploration: Planets: Saturn: Rings
		Cassini mission will help reveal how they formed, how they maintain their orbit and, above all, why they are there in the first place.
		The main rings are, working outward from the planet, known as C, B, and A. The Cassini Division is the largest gap in the rings and separates Rings B and A. In addition a number of fainter rings have been discovered more recently.
		To enter Saturn's orbit, Cassini flew through the gap between the F and the G rings, farther from the planet than the Cassini Division.
	solarsystem.nasa.gov /planets/profile.cfm?Object=Saturn&Display=Rings (436 words)

	USATODAY.com - Ultraviolet images from Cassini reveal detail of Saturn's rings (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		The "Cassini division" in faint red at left is followed by the A ring in its entirety.
		Cassini images made in ultraviolet light and released yesterday have been combined with infrared pictures — all taken during the June 30 pass through the ring plane — to give scientists a fresh but still puzzling picture of the majestic structures.
		Cassini's cameras were not powerful enough to resolve the individual icy boulders and smaller particles thought to make up the rings.
	www.usatoday.com /tech/news/2004-07-08-saturnrings_x.htm (671 words)

	VIMS Home Page
		The scientists had to characterize the location of the Cassini spacecraft during each orbit around the Saturnian system in order to know which moons were going to be within range of the spacecraft at any given time during the mission.
		The Cassini spacecraft was at a distance of 254,000 kilometers (157,800 miles) from the center of Saturn when these images were taken, while the opening angle of the rings to the sun was 16.3 degrees.
		The Jet Propulsion Laboratory, a division of the California Institute of Technology in Pasadena, manages the mission for NASA's Science Mission Directorate, Washington, D.C. The Cassini orbiter was designed, developed and assembled at JPL.
	wwwvims.lpl.arizona.edu (877 words)

	JPL.NASA.GOV: News Releases
		The visual and infrared mapping spectrometer onboard Cassini revealed the dirt mixed with the ice in the Cassini Division and in other small gaps in the rings, as well as in the F ring.
		Cassini's ultraviolet imaging instrument detected the sudden and surprising increase in the amount of atomic oxygen at the edge of the rings.
		Cassini's examination of Saturn's atmosphere began while the spacecraft was still approaching the planet.
	www.jpl.nasa.gov /news/news.cfm?release=2004-170 (663 words)

	Cassini-Huygens: Multimedia-Images
		Cassini's view in this image is from beneath the ring plane; the moons are on the far side of Saturn.
		The outer edge of the B ring which forms the inner boundary of the Cassini division is maintained by a gravitational resonance with Mimas.
		The image was obtained with the Cassini spacecraft narrow angle camera on August 27, 2004, at a distance of 9.1 million kilometers (5.6 million miles) from Saturn.
	saturn.jpl.nasa.gov /cgi-bin/gs2.cgi?path=../multimedia/images/rings/images/PIA06485.jpg&type=image (336 words)

	TPS: The Alphabet Soup of Saturn's Rings
		The Cassini Division lies at the extreme lower right of this image, which was made by compositing green, violet, and ultraviolet images captured on August 23, 1981.
		At the top is the smooth outer A ring with its Encke Division; then the Cassini Division; then the color-banded B ring; and inside the B ring are lots of little fl scratches, which are the individual ringlets of the C ring.
		Ring R/2004 S1 The Cassini imaging team announced on September 9, 2004 the discovery of a new ring orbiting in the same position as the moon Atlas, in the gap between the A and F rings.
	www.planetarysociety.org /saturn/rings.html (2200 words)

	Cassini Division: Facts and details from Encyclopedia Topic (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		The Cassini Division is a 4,800 km (2,980 mile) gap between Saturn[For more, click on this link]'s A Ring[For more info, click on this link] and B Ring B Ring quick summary:
		The b ring is one of the rings of saturn....
		Giovanni domenico cassini (june 8, 1625 - september 14, 1712) was an italian-francefrench astronomer and engineer....
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/c/ca/cassini_division.htm (197 words)

	The Cassini division
		Cassini is that goofy-looking crater just a bit north of the AAA - Aristillus, Autolycus and Archimedes - on the east edge of Imbrium.
		It's named after Giovanni-Domenico (Jack) Cassini who did a bunch of things, including the discovery of four satellites of Saturn and is best known for noting the Cassini Division in Saturn's ring system.
		Cassini is chugging to Saturn right now after wandering around the solar system to pick up some free gravity-assist momentum.
	ephemeris.sjaa.net /0312/c.html (1023 words)

	Zoom Astronomy Glossary: C
		CASSINI, G. Giovanni Domenico Cassini (1625-1712) was an astronomer born in Italy who later became a naturalized French citizen.
		The Cassini Division is the main, dark division between Saturn's largest rings (the A and B rings).
		The spacecraft was named after the main division in Saturn's rings, called the Cassini Division.
	www.enchantedlearning.com /subjects/astronomy/glossary/indexc.shtml (5823 words)

	The Cassini-Huygens Mission to Saturn and Titan
		The most notable gap is the Cassini [kah-SEE-nee] Division, which separates the A and B rings.
		The Encke [EN-kee] Division, which splits the A Ring, is named after Johann Encke, who discovered it in 1837.
		Cassini first observed Iapetus in 1671 on the west side of Saturn, but failed to observe it on the east side in 1672 even though he knew it was there.
	www.ssd.rl.ac.uk /news/cassini/sat.html (2715 words)

	Cassini's Division <!> Bios (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		Cassini's Division has, over the last three years, worked towards reaching the goal of being the premier alternative rock band in the East.
		Cassini's Division's focus is on writing catchy, accessible song-based original music.
		Cassini's Division continues to explore avenues to take the music to as many people as possible out there.
	www.cassinisdivision.com /bio.html (328 words)

	TPS: Images of Saturn and Its Rings (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		This view of the Cassini Division (faint red, at far left) and A ring (red to bluer, at right) was captured by the Ultraviolet Imaging Spectrograph (UVIS) aboard Cassini just after her orbit insertion on July 1, 2004.
		As Cassini approached the Saturn system on June 21, 2004, she captured a sequence of 22 images of the A ring region in order to look for the tiny moon Pan.
		Two bright ringlets are visible within the division, and the inner edge of the division is lumpy and wavy due to perturbations by Pan.
	www.planetary.org /saturn/images_saturn_rings.html#b (1915 words)

	Cassini Spacecraft Finds Fascinating Puzzles in Saturn's Rings
		Within days of entering orbit around the planet Saturn, the Cassini spacecraft is providing scientists with fascinating and often puzzling data about the composition of the planet's rings, according to a NASA press release July 2.
		Cassini has discovered large amounts of dark material, or "dirt," for example, within the gap between Saturn's A and B rings, which are composed almost entirely of ice particles.
		Cassini also detected large quantities of oxygen at the edge of the rings, which may have resulted from a collision that occurred as recently as several months ago.
	usinfo.state.gov /xarchives/display.html?p=washfile-english&y=2004&m=July&x=20040703175013attocnich0.5324976&t=livefeeds/wf-latest.html (900 words)

	Universe Today - Spotlight on the Cassini Division
		The sharp inner boundary of the division (left of center) is the outer edge of the massive B ring and is maintained by the gravitational influence of the moon Mimas.
		The image was taken with the Cassini spacecraft narrow-angle camera on May 18, 2005, at a distance of approximately 1.6 million kilometers (1 million miles) from Saturn.
		The Jet Propulsion Laboratory, a division of the California Institute of Technology in Pasadena, manages the mission for NASA's Science Mission Directorate, Washington, D.C. The Cassini orbiter and its two onboard cameras were designed, developed and assembled at JPL.
	www.universetoday.com /am/publish/spotlight_cassini_division.html (437 words)

	Cassini-Huygens Home (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		From bottom to top, sunlight passes through the broad Cassini Division, the Encke gap and (barely visible) the Keeler gap.
		Cassini focused on the atmosphere of Saturn's moon Titan during a May 20 flyby.
		Cassini also bounced radio waves off Titan's surface to learn about its roughness and composition.
	saturn.jpl.nasa.gov /index.cfm (261 words)

	Spaceflight Now \| Cassini \| Cassini finds puzzles in Saturn's ring ingredients
		Cassini's health in the final hours before arrival at Saturn is presented in this status briefing from 12 p.m.
		The scientific objectives of the Cassini mission to study the planet Saturn, its rings and moons are explained by Charles Elachi, director of the Jet Propulsion Laboratory.
		Evidence from the visual and infrared mapping spectrometer on the Cassini spacecraft indicates that the grain sizes in Saturn's rings grade from smaller to larger, related to distance from Saturn.
	spaceflightnow.com /cassini/040702puzzles.html (1496 words)

	Science Fiction Book Reviews
		Ellen, the Division, and a scientist named Malley set off to stop the evil Outwarders, who in turn are hell-bent on the destruction of humans.
		The Cassini Division is British author Ken MacLeod's first novel to appear in the United States, though two preceding volumes were published in the United Kingdom.
		In the same socialist-anarchist pattern, the Cassini Division functions without a command structure--an idea that no doubt rings true until the first man or woman must die.
	www.scifi.com /sfw/issue116/books.html (1089 words)

	Cassini-Huygens: Multimedia-Images
		The best view of Saturn's rings in the ultraviolet indicates there is more ice toward the outer part of the rings, than in the inner part, hinting at the origins of the rings and their evolution.
		Images taken during the Cassini spacecraft's orbital insertion on June 30 show compositional variation in the A, B and C rings.
		From the inside out, the "Cassini Division" in faint red at left is followed by the A ring in its entirety.
	saturn1.jpl.nasa.gov /cgi-bin/gs2.cgi?path=../multimedia/images/rings/images/PIA05075.jpg&type=image (294 words)

	Salon Books \| A Trotskyist libertarian cyberpunk? (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		But "The Cassini Division" is the first of MacLeod's novels to be published in the United States, so Ngwethu will have to bear the burden of introducing MacLeod to American audiences.
		Tor Books, his publisher, is starting with "The Cassini Division" on the assumption that the British-flavored politics of "The Star Fraction" might baffle some readers.
		And, as even Ngwethu comes around to realizing near the end of "The Cassini Division," those workers don't even have to be human to have a right to decent working conditions.
	www.salon.com /books/feature/1999/07/27/macleod_review (1039 words)

	Giovanni Cassini
		He discovered that Saturn's Rings are split into two parts, and today the gap between them is called the "Cassini Division".
		Cassini studied hydrology and how to avoid the damaging floods that plagued Europe.
		His greatest mistakes were rejecting the Copernican model of the solar system and Newton's theory of universal gravitation.
	www.windows.ucar.edu /tour/link=/people/enlightenment/cassini.html (118 words)

	Universe Today - Sweeping View of the Rings
		The Cassini Division is the darker area at the upper left-hand portion of the picture.
		The Cassini Division is approximately 4,800-kilometers-wide (2,980 miles) and is visible in small telescopes from Earth.
		The image was taken in visible light with the Cassini spacecraft narrow-angle camera on July 20, 2005, at a distance of approximately 2.1 million kilometers (1.3 million miles) from Saturn.
	www.universetoday.com /am/publish/sweeping_view_rings.html?2192005 (377 words)

	Catalog Page for PIA07616 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		The outer reaches of Saturn's Cassini Division merges with the inner A ring (at the right) in a region that is rich in structure.
		Scientists are interested in observing the evolution of this density wave as the moons swap places in their orbits every few years, presumably resulting in a change in the perturbations that cause this feature.
		This image was taken in visible light with the Cassini narrow-angle camera on Sept. 5, 2005, at a distance of approximately 441,000 kilometers (274,000 miles) from Saturn.
	photojournal.jpl.nasa.gov /catalog/PIA07616 (261 words)

	The Encke Minima and Encke Division in Saturn's A-Ring
		The Encke Minima and Encke Division in Saturn's A-Ring
		The Encke Division is a narrow, high contrast feature located near the outer edge of the A-Ring, and unlike the Encke Minima is an actual division within the ring.
		In this sketch, the ring outside of the letter A represents the Cassini Division, and he recorded two rings features outside of the Cassini Division, which appear to be the Encke Minima and Encke Division.
	members.leapmail.net /~ericj/encke.html (3036 words)

	Amazon.com: The Cassini Division: Books: Ken MacLeod (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		But the Division's political philosophy is brutally tough, with alarming plans to use a planet-wrecking doomsday weapon against "enemies," who may not be hostile at all.
		As the forces of the Cassini Division prepare to destroy the post-humans without warning, Ngwethu finds herself on a dangerous mission through a wormhole to reestablish contact with another potential enemy, the long-lost, libertarian-capitalist interstellar colony of New Mars.
		The Cassini division essentially explores what has been done about the mess left behind by those who departed in "The Stone Canal".
	www.amazon.com /exec/obidos/tg/detail/-/0312870442?v=glance (2978 words)

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