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	Cassivellaunus - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Cassivellaunus dismissed most of his army and resorted to guerilla tactics, relying on his knowledge of the territory and the speed of his chariots.
		Cassivellaunus managed to get a message to the four kings of Kent, Cingetorix, Carvilius, Taximagulus and Segovax, to gather their forces and attack the Roman camp on the coast, but the Romans defended themselves successfully, capturing a chieftain called Lugotorix.
		Cassivellaunus appears in the Welsh Triads, Mabinogion, and Welsh versions of Geoffrey's Historia, as Caswallawn, son of Beli Mawr.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Cassivellaunus (1058 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		This meant crossing the Thames; and from the fact that Caesar describes the kingdom of Cassivellaunus as lying eighty miles from the sea it is probable that the ford in general use was somewhere in the neighbourhood of Brentford.
		So successful was Cassivellaunus that Caesar's cavalry could no longer venture out of touch with the main body, and the work both of foraging and of destruction was limited to what the legionaries could do in the course of their day's march.
		Cassivellaunus kept part of his end of the bargain and refrained from molesting the Triovantes to the east.
	www.geocities.com /Area51/Stargate/9565/cassivellaunus.htm (1326 words)

	Cassivellaunus - WCD (Wiki Classical Dictionary) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		Cassivellaunus is the first British individual known to history, and the leader of British resistance to Julius Caesar's second expedition to the island in 54 BC.
		Cassivellaunus had fortfied the only available ford with sharp stakes, but the Romans were forewarned by deserters, and the Britons were unable to prevent them crossing.
		Cassivellaunus sent a message to his allies in Kent, the four kings Cingetorix, Carvilius, Taximagulus and Segovax, to create a distraction by attacking Caesar's coastal camp.
	www.ancientlibrary.com /wcd/Cassivellaunus (495 words)

	CASSIVELLAUNUS & JULIUS CAESAR (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		A British prince contemporary with Julius Caesar whose territory lay to the north and north east of the river Thames, comprising roughly of the modern counties of Hertfordshire, Buckinghamshire and Berkshire; its exact limits are uncertain.
		Cassivellaunus is first mentioned by Caesar in his account of his second expedition to Britain in the summer of 54.B.C. landing and advancing some twelve miles into the interior of the country., he was recalled to the coast by the intelligence of the destruction of the greater part of his fleet in a storm.
		From them Caesar learnt that Cassivellaunus had not far distant, a fortified place in which a large number both of men and of cattle had been collected for protection against the enemy; this stronghold was promptly attacked by Caesar; its defenders were unable to repulse Caesar's attack and made their escape on another side.
	www.moonrakers.com /genealogy/caswell/cassivel.htm (505 words)

	CATUVELLAUNI
		Cassivellaunus was then, the leader of the combined British force opposed to Caesar during his second expedition to the island.
		Cassivellaunus possibly formed the tribe later to become known as the Catuvellauni from a federation of smaller like-minded Belgic tribes living north of the Thames, specifically to counter Caesar.
		Was the grandson, or perhaps the son, of Cassivellaunus, and the father of Cunobelin and Epaticcus.
	www.roman-britain.org /tribes/catuvellauni.htm (2570 words)

	Late Iron Age Timeline
		Caesar returns to the march inland and engages an enlarged multi-tribe British force led by Cassivellaunus (from a north of Thames based tribe, Catevaulauni?) A cavalry battles occurs whilst Caesar is still on the march near Canterbury, by the river Stour, the British forces are repelled.
		Cassivellaunus is completely routed and is forced to disband the allied forces and each retreated to their own territories.
		Caesar reinstates Mandubracius to the throne of the Trinovantes.
	www.brigantesnation.com /timeline/timelineearlyromanobritish.htm (2278 words)

	Gaius Julius Caesar: Commentaries on the Gallic War, Book 5
		When he had arrived there, he perceives that numerous forces of the enemy were marshaled on the other bank of the river; the bank also was defended by sharp stakes fixed in front, and stakes of the same kind fixed under the water were covered by the river.
		From them he learns that the capital town of Cassivellaunus was not far from that place, and was defended by woods and morasses, and a very large number of men and of cattle had been collected in it.
		Cassivellaunus, when this battle was reported to him as so many losses had been sustained, and his territories laid waste, being alarmed most of all by the desertion of the states, sends embassadors to Caesar [to treat] about a surrender through the mediation of Commius the Atrebatian.
	www.forumromanum.org /literature/caesar/gallic_e5.html (6099 words)

	Roman conquest of Britain - Voyager, the free encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		The Britons had appointed Cassivellaunus, who had recently overthrown the king of the Trinovantes and forced his son, Mandubracius, into exile, to lead their forces.
		Cassivellaunus knew he could not defeat Caesar in an open engagement and used guerrilla tactics, relying on the mobility of his chariotry and superior knowledge of the terrain, but he was unable to prevent the Roman advance.
		Cassivellaunus sent word to his allies in Kent to attack the Roman naval camp, but when this attack failed he surrendered, mediated by Commius.
	www.voyager.in /Roman_invasion_of_Britain (2379 words)

	Untitled (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		Cassivellaunus (whose people came to be calledthe Catuvellauni) had established a substantial presence in lowland Britain by the time Caesar arrived in 55.
		Cassivellaunus didn't take too kindly to this Roman's laying claim to his lands and title, so he fought back.
		Using the chariot and the landscape to full advantage, Cassivellaunus managed to hold off the Romans for several campaigns, but he realized that the overwhelming numbers of the Romans would eventually take their toll.
	www.suite101.com /print_article.cfm/ancient_british_history/43243 (381 words)

	short breaks continent Warren Cottage accommodation
		The leader of the Catulleaunian tribe, Cassivellaunus, was instrumental in organising the resistance to Caesar’s invasion of 54 BC.
		Cassivellaunus finally sent ambassadors to Caesar to treat for surrender, hostages were exchanged and Caesar returned to Rome.
		The first kings were recorded by Caesar in his war commentaries, when Cassivellaunus, leader of the Catulleaunians sent messengers into Kent to four kings: Cingetorix, Carvilius, Taximagulus and Segonas, and ordered them to gather their men and attack Caesar’s camp.
	www.warrencottage.com /short-breaks-continent.html (513 words)

	Trinovantes - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		In some manuscripts of Caesar's Gallic War their king is referred to as Imanuentius, although in other manuscripts no name is given.
		Some time before Caesar's second expedition this king was overthrown by Cassivellaunus, who is usually assumed to have belonged to the Catuvellauni.
		During his second expedition Caesar defeated Cassivellaunus and restored Mandubracius to the kingship, and Cassivellaunus undertook not to molest him again.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Trinovantes (454 words)

	Ancient Celtic Warriors: Caesar invades Britain (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		Cassivellaunus was a chieftain of the Catuvellauni who were, ironically, themselves recent invaders of Britain, having been originally part of the Belgic peoples in northern France before moving across the Channel to settle north of London.
		Cassivellaunus fought a guerilla war against the Romans, harassing with his cavalry and charioteers and forcing them to hide behind their entrenched camps.
		No great damage was inflicted, but it seems to have brought both sides to their senses and, according to Caesar, Cassivellaunus offered terms for peace, submitted hostages and tribute money, and allowed Caesar to return to Gaul.
	members.aol.com /skyelander/celts7.html (719 words)

	Iceni - Catuvellauni - Trinovantes - Cantiaci (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		Cassivellaunus was expanding his, unnamed, tribe's territory, and the powerful Trinovantes (20) had found it necessary to appeal to Caesar for protection.
		After he had got Cassivellaunus on the run, Caesar says that he accepted the surrender of the Cenimagni, the Segontiaci, the Ancalites, the Bibroci and the Cassi.
		There is speculation that the Cassi may have been Cassivellaunus' tribe, but, whether this is the case or not, it seems fairly certain that his people were the precursors of the Catuvellauni (19).
	www.stephen.j.murray.btinternet.co.uk /tribes06.htm (713 words)

	Early Amphibious Warfare (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		During that time, a British chieftain, Cassivellaunus, was able to unite a large force of Britons, and they met Caesar's troops once again near Canterbury.
		As Cassivellaunus withdrew northward, and over the Thames, he burned land to deprive the Romans of food.
		The attack was repulsed, and Cassivellaunus subsequently surrendered.
	www.exwar.org /Htm/8000PopA3.htm (663 words)

	BRITISH CELTIC NOBLES
		He became an aide of Julius Caesar sometime during AD56?, accompanying him on both of his expeditions to Britain, where in 54BC he was instrumental in persuading the British king Cassivellaunus to come to terms.
		This ruler succeeded Cassivellaunus around 30BC when the old adversary of Caesar died, possibly marrying a daughter of Mandubracius of the Trinovantes.
		The next identifiable ruler of the Catuvellauni was Tasciovanus who came to power in c.20BC, though whether he was the son or grandson of Cassivellaunus is not known.
	www.roman-britain.org /people/_britons.htm (5231 words)

	Cunobelinus (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		Tasciovanus probably was the son of Cassivellaunus, who had led the Britons against Caesar during his second invasion in 54 BC.
		After several defeats, Cassivellaunus fought a guerrilla action, harassing the Romans until, eventually, the location of his stronghold (oppidium) was betrayed by the Trinovantes, whose own king had been killed by Cassivellaunus and who now allied themselves with Caesar.
		Cassivellaunus was defeated and obliged to pay tribute and surrender hostages.
	itsa.ucsf.edu /~snlrc/britannia/wales/snowdonia.html (299 words)

	[No title]
		CASSIVELLAUNUS, being a 'king', would more than likely have fled from his fortress in Wheathampstead, along the main Celtic highway towards the west.
		Perhaps CASSIVELLAUNUS decided to stay around, and his family mingled into the background to avoid the Romans.
		It is also interesting to see that the Wiltshire CASSWELL name was spelt with 'SS', as was CASSIVELLAUNUS, and it is proudly carried to this day by the American branch of the family, now resident in Oregon.
	www.moonrakers.com /genealogy/caswell/origin.htm (931 words)

	Athena Review 1,1: Landings of Caesar in Britain, 55 and 54 BC
		In the wooded terrain north of the River Thames, Cassivellaunus adopted scorched-earth, guerrilla-warfare methods, destroying local food sources and using chariots to harrass the Roman legions.
		But neighboring tribes who resented the domination by Cassivellaunus, including the Trinovantes and their allies the Cenimagni, Segontiaci, Ancalites, Bibroci and Cassi (the latter five tribes, known to us only through Caesar's account) then went over to the Romans.
		Even as the Roman army under Caesar were massing outside his fort's gates, however, Cassivellaunus made the bold move of ordering his allies in Kent to attack the Roman beach camp at Deal.
	www.athenapub.com /caesar1.htm (1429 words)

	BBC - History - Roman Colchester: Britain's First City
		At this time, the Catuvellauni under their king Cassivellaunus were spreading their authority as southern Britain's largest tribe across the south-eastern counties.
		This gave Caesar the excuse he was looking for to invade, and after a botched attempt in 55 (which even his own propaganda cannot quite disguise), Caesar returned to finish the job in 54 BC.
		He chased Cassivellaunus back to his stronghold, which he stormed from two sides, forcing Cassivellaunus to flee and come to terms.
	www.bbc.co.uk /history/ancient/romans/colchester_01.shtml (527 words)

	Detail Page (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		A quick advance could have concretized Caesar's position, but another storm wrecked many of his ships and allowed time for the chieftain Cassivellaunus and his chariot-driving Belgae near the Thames to organize.
		Cassivellaunus probably never paid his promised tribute, and no doubt conquered the Trinovantes.
		A strong kingdom was established in southern Britannia, centered at Lexden near Camulodunum (Colchester), under Cassivellaunus and his son Tasciovanus.
	www.fofweb.com /Onfiles/Ancient/AncientDetail.asp?iPin=ROME0251 (1720 words)

	Total War Center Forums - The Catuvellauni
		Cassivellaunus was the first kind of the Catuvellauni.
		It seems that his name, Cassivellaunus, may mean "Vellaunus of the Cassi" (his tribe would of been the Cassi and his name was Vellaunus).
		He was the leader who invaded the Trinovates and held their throne at the same time as holding the Catuvellauni throne.
	www.twcenter.net /forums/showthread.php?t=40402 (969 words)

	Printable Version on Encyclopedia.com
		Aided by discontented British tribes, he attacked Cassivellaunus in his strong fort in the marshes (probably at Wheathampstead, Hertfordshire) and drove the Britons out with heavy losses.
		Cassivellaunus sued for peace, which Caesar granted in return for hostages and an annual tribute.
		Encyclopedia.com is a service of HighBeam Research, Inc.
	www.encyclopedia.com /printable.aspx?id=1E1:Cassivel (77 words)

	Caswallon: a Cymric hero and god, also known as Caswallawn, Cadwallon, Catwallawn, Cassivellaunus (Leader in Battle)
		Aided by discontented British tribes, he attacked Cassivellaunus in his stronghold in the marshes of Hertfordshire (probably at modern-day Weathamstead).
		The large fortress at Wheathampstead, north of St. Albans, was possibly the site of the decisive battle during which one Lugotorix, a Briton of noble birth, was captured by Caesar, and after which, Cassivellaunus sued for peace, which Caesar granted in return for hostages and an annual tribute.
		The second Caswallon, known as 'Llaw Hir' (the long-hand) succeeded his fater, Einion Yrth (the impetuous), son of Cunedda of the Gododdin to the governance of Powys in 443CE.
	www.celtnet.org.uk /gods_c/caswallon.html (1187 words)

	HighBeam Research: Library Search: Results (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		Cassivellaunus appears to have been a fairly capable...
		News of an impending rebellion in Gaul caused Caesar to retreat...
		He described a King Cassivellaunus at the head of that empire, a high-king commanding lesser rulers, four of whom, for example, ruled sections which formed an area broadly identifiable as Kent.
	www.highbeam.com /library/search.asp?FN=SS&search_newspapers=on&search_magazines=on&q=Cassivellaunus&refid=ency_botnm (275 words)

	Romans Part 2
		The importance of this name is that he is the first recorded named Briton, Cassivellaunus rallied his fighters and waged a mobile war on them.
		European traders were encouraged and could sail straight up the River Thames and trade directly in London (or Londinium as the Romans named it).The Roman and European traders spread to many parts of the country.
		The natives felt secure that they would not be attacked again, after the treaty Cassivellaunus made with the Romans.
	www.battle1066.com /romans2.shtml (1367 words)

	Casswallawn
		Caswallawn is also the Welsh name for the British chieftain Cassivellaunus, leader of the Catuvellauni, who fought off the second Roman invasion by Julius Caesar (54 BCE), but with such heavly losses that he sued for peace.
		He is later confused by medieval chroniclers with a mythological figure by the same name, as is Caractacus with Caradawg ap Bran, or was made into a mythological son of Beli Mawr, the ancestor-god of the British princes.
		The effect of the historical Cassivellaunus on the mythological Caswallawn can be seen in a few ways; first, if one follows the triads closely, we can see a lost romance about Caswallawn and the woman Fflur, who was the most beautiful woman in Britain.
	www.maryjones.us /jce/caswallawn.html (412 words)

	2eng
		Therefore, however much the British people had grown in glory over a thousand years, that was gravely impaired by the interval of time between Cassivellaunus down to the Angles who, as I have said, finally gained power over the island.
		Indeed Caesar writes that Cassivellaunus ruled a territory separated from the maritime states by the Thames, and that because of his own arrival supreme military power was given him, though previously he had constantly fought wars against the other states.
		Likewise in Kent there had been four kings, that is, leading men such as today we call earls or dukes, and that by means of embassies the peoples of the Cenimagni, Segontiaci, Ancalites, Bibroci, and Cassi submitted to himself.
	www.philological.bham.ac.uk /polverg/2eng.html (9645 words)

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