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Topic: Cassubian language

	Polish
		Polish Jezyk Polski West Slavic language belonging to the Lekhitic subgroup and closely related to Czech, Slovak, and the Sorbian languages of eastern Germany; it is spoken by the majority of the present population of Poland.
		The modern literary language, written in the Roman (Latin) alphabet, dates from the 16th century and was originally based on the dialects of the area around Poznan, in western Poland.
		Kashubian (Cassubian), often classified as a Polish dialect, is, historically, a separate language.
	www.rkp-montreal.org /en/05polish (212 words)

	Kashubian language - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Kashubian or Cassubian (Kashubian: kaszëbsczi jãzëk, pòmòrsczi jãzëk, kaszëbskò-słowińskô mòwa) is one of the Lechitic languages, which are a group of Slavic languages.
		It is assumed that it evolved from the language spoken by some tribes of Pomeranians called Kashubians, in the region of Pomerania on the southern coast of the Baltic Sea between the Vistula and Oder rivers.
		It is closely related to Slovincian, and both of them are Pomeranian language dialects.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Cassubian_language (174 words)

	Kashubian in Poland
		Regional or minority languages are languages which differ from the official language of the state where they are spoken and which are traditionally used within a given territory by nationals of that state forming a group numerically smaller than the rest of the state's population.
		Kashubian (or "Cassubian", in Kashubian: kaszëbizna) is a West Slavic language spoken in northern Poland in the province of Pomerania (województwo pomorskie), mainly in the counties (powiaty) of Gdañsk/Gduñsk, Gdynia/ Gdiniô, Wejherowo/Wejrowò, Puck/Pùck, Lêbork/Lãbòrg, Bytów/Bëtowò, Kartuzy/Kartùze, Koœcierzyna/Kòscérzna and Chojnice/Chòjnice.
		The regional language as understood by the law is the Kashubian language.
	www1.fa.knaw.nl /mercator/regionale_dossiers/kashubian_in_poland.htm (5897 words)

	Cassubian language
		Kashubian or Cassubian (Kashubian: kaszëbsczi jãzëk, pòmòrsczi jãzëk, kaszëbskò-słowińskô mòwa) is one of the Lechitic languages, which are a group of Slavic languages.
		It is assumed that it evolved from the language spoken by some tribes of Pomeranians called Kashubians, in the region of Pomerania on the southern coast of the Baltic Sea between the Vistula and Oder rivers.
		It is closely related to Slovincian, and both of them are Pomeranian language dialects.
	www.brainyencyclopedia.com /encyclopedia/c/ca/cassubian_language.html (287 words)

	History Channel Search Results
		language spoken by most of the inhabitants of Poland and by several million native speakers in the U.S., several countries of the former USSR, Canada, and elsewhere.
		Kashubian, or Cassubian, also heard in the north, is often treated as a dialect of Polish, although it evolved as a separate West Slavic language.
		Polish is the only Slavic language with nasal vowels (a and e), which are derived from Old Slavic nasal vowels.
	www.historychannel.com /encyclopedia/article.jsp?link=FWNE.fw..po104700.a (426 words)

	Projekat Rastko - Kašubi / Kaszëbë / Kaszuby (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		Regional or minority languages are languages which differ from the official language of the state where they are spoken and which are traditionally used within a given territory by nationals of that state forming a group numerically smaller than the rest of the state's population.
		Kashubian (or "Cassubian", in Kashubian: kaszëbizna) is a West Slavic language spoken in northern Poland in the province of Pomerania (województwo pomorskie), mainly in the counties (powiaty) of Gdańsk/Gduńsk, Gdynia/ Gdiniô, Wejherowo/Wejrowò, Puck/Pùck, Lębork/Lãbòrg, Bytów/Bëtowò, Kartuzy/Kartùze, Kościerzyna/Kòscérzna and Chojnice/Chòjnice.
		The 1999 Law on the Polish Language provides for the possibility to introduce a minority language as an "auxiliary" language in those areas with a "considerable share of non-Polish population", where minority languages could be used in bilingual place names, in personal first names and surnames, and occasionally in local administration.
	www.rastko.net /rastko-ka/content/view/198/36 (5947 words)

	Polish
		Polish is a member of the Western group of the Slavic branch of Indo-European languages and thus closely related to Czech, Slovak, and the Sorbian language found in German.
		It is the national language spoken by most of the inhabitants of Poland and by several million native speakers in the United States, Russia, Ukraine, Canada, Belarus, Kazakhstan, Germany, Latvia, Austria, Slovakia, Azerbaijan, Romania, Australia, Czech Republic, Lithuania and Israel.
		Kashubian, or Cassubian, also heard in the north, is often treated as a dialect of Polish, although it evolved as a separate West Slavic language.
	www.flw.com /languages/polish.htm (114 words)

	Poland (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		1: Belarussian, Cassubian, German and Ukrainian are used in offices in some communess across the country.
		However, they are not official languages in the strict sense.
		The Polish language, a member of the West Slavic branch of the Slavic languages, functions as the official language of Poland.
	www.bidprobe.com /en/wikipedia/p/po/poland.html (1836 words)

	info: Kashubians (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		Kashubians, Kassubians, or Cassubians (Kashubian: KaszÃ«bi) are a Slavic ethnic group living in modern-day northwestern Poland.
		The parliament (Landtag) of Prussia in KÃ¶nigsberg in 1843 decided to change the official church language from Polish to German, but this decision was soon repealed, and, starting in 1852, Kashubian was taught at the Gymnasium (high school) of Wejherowo.
		Scientific interest in the Kashubian language was sparked by Mrongovius (publications in 1823, 1828) and the Russian linguist Hilferding (1859, 1862), later followed by Biskupski (1883, 1891), Bronisch (1896, 1898), Mikkola (1897), Nitsch (1903).
	www.info-assicurazione.com /Kashubians.html (1052 words)

	Germany - LoveToKnow 1911
		The territories occupied by peoples of distinctively Teutonic race and language are commonly designated as German, and in this sense may be taken to include, besides Germany proper (the subject of the present article), the German-speaking sections of Austria, Switzerland and Holland.
		Of the inhabitants speaking other languages there were: Polish, 3,086,489; French (mostly in Lorraine), 211,679; Masuran, 142,049; Danish, 141,061; Lithuanian, 106,305; Cassubian, 100,213; Wendish, 93,032; Dutch, 80,36,; Italian, 65,961; Moravian, 64,382; Czech, 43,016; Frisian, 20,677; English, 20,217; Walloon, 11,841.
		The river March is the frontier north of the Danube from Pressburg as far as BrUnn, to the north of which the German regions begin near Olmtz, the interior of Bohemia and Moravia being occupied by Czechs and Moravias.
	www.1911encyclopedia.org /Germany (15497 words)

	iROCK - the next Revolution in Music SOURCES OF POLISH FOLK MUSIC Kaszuby
		Kaszubi (the Cassubians) are the most distinct ethnic group in Pomerania.
		Slavonic Cassubian tribes once inhabited the whole territory of Pomerania, from the mouth of the Oder to the estuary of the Vistula, but they never achieved independent statehood.
		After World War II quite a few Cassubian folk dance ensembles arose although none were able to achieve the fame of a Mazowsze or Slask.
	www.chazzforjazz.com /servlet/Detail?no=547 (203 words)

	UCLA Language Materials Project Language Profiles Page
		The regions in the western and northern parts of Poland which were settled since 1945 are areas of "mixed dialects." Cassubian is sometimes treated as a distinct language, but within Poland it is felt to be a dialect of Polish.
		Of groups speaking minority languages, those with viable linguistic communities are the Germans in Silesia, Ukrainians throughout Poland and Belarusians in northeastern Poland.
		Poland was first partitioned in 1772 and with it the language entered a crisis period with different occupying powers, Germany and Russia primarily, attempting to replace Polish with their own languages.
	www.lmp.ucla.edu /Profile.aspx?LangID=43 (1126 words)

	Poland - Open Encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		The Republic of Poland, a country in Central Europe, lies between Germany to the west, the Czech Republic and Slovakia to the south, Ukraine and Belarus to the east, and the Baltic Sea, Lithuania and Russia (in the form of the Kaliningrad Oblast exclave) to the north.
		The Polish nation started to form itself into a recognisable unitary territorial entity around the middle of the 10th century under the Piast dynasty.
		The truth is that adequate infrastructure for sophisticated telecom services would significantly improve prospects to attract local and foreign investors to the regions.
	open-encyclopedia.com /PL (2352 words)

	[Wikipedia-l] Re: Please clarify the honorary administrator status
		Unless we screw up in major ways, and someone creates a successful fork, the minor mistakes we make today will have huge consequences many years in the future that are very hard to foresee now, and very hard to repair later.
		The different languages effectively act as barriers, and it is very difficult to spot dangerous developments through these barriers.
		I am strongly opposed to effectively granting absolute autonomy to a small set of individuals in defining power structures that will likely be in place for years, if not decades.
	mail.wikipedia.org /pipermail/wikipedia-l/2004-March/014905.html (995 words)

	poland (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		They are, however, not considered to be official languages at state level.
		The Republic of Poland is a country located in Central Europe, between Germany to the west, the Czech Republic and Slovakia to the south, Ukraine and Belarus to the east, and the Baltic Sea, Lithuania and Russia (in the form of the Kaliningrad Oblast exclave) to the north.
		The rest of the population consists mainly of Jewish, Eastern Orthodox and Protestant religious minorities.
	wikipedia.openfun.org /en/wikipedia/p/po/poland.html?redirected=1 (2529 words)

	Kashubian language (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		Kashubian, Cassubian is one of the Lekhitic languages, which are a group of Slavic languages.
		It is closely related to the Slovincian language, and both of them are Pomeranian language dialects.
		cs:Kašubština de:Kaschubische Sprache et:Kašuubi keel eo:Kaŝuba lingvo fr:Kachoube nl:Kasjoebisch ja:カシューブ語 pl:Język kaszubski Category:Languages of Poland Category:Slavic languages
	www.findterm.net /ka/kashubian-language.html (389 words)

	Kashubian (Cashubian, Cassubian) language, alphabet and pronunciation
		Kashubian is a member of the West Slavic group of Slavic languages with about 200,000 speakers and used as an everyday language by about 53,000 people.
		Kashubian began to emerge as a distinct language during the 14th century.
		The written form of the language currently in use developed from the one suggested by Florian Ceynowa in his book Zarés do grammatikj kasebsko-slovjnskjé mòvé (An Outline of the Grammar of the Kashubian-Slovincian Language), which was published in Poznań in 1879.
	www.omniglot.com /writing/kashubian.htm (302 words)

	Polish Language Course - Introduction
		The Polish language is mostly spoken in Poland (98.6% of inhabitants of Poland uses Polish as their first language).
		In some sources, Kashubian (also called Cassubian) is not considered a separate language but a dialect of the Polish language.
		People in Bosnia, Croatia, Montenegro and Serbia use the same language which is called Bosnian, Croatian or Serbian, depending on the country.
	golem.umcs.lublin.pl /users/ppikuta/lessons/intro1.htm (725 words)

	Canadian Slavonic Papers: Koroscina, Kajkavica and Kaszebska Gadka: The sociolinguistics of 'dialect' literature in ...
		These include three symbolic functions: the unifying function (the standard language serves to bond the members of the society together), the separatist function (it serves to differentiate them from their neighbours), and the prestige function (it symbolizes the importance of those who use it in order to maintain and develop the nation-state's culture).
		In his approach a linguistic code is classified according to (1) its structural adequacy, (2) its functional domains, (3) the class and education of its speakers, (4) its historical origin, (5) its geographic scope, and (6) its communicative usefulness.
		Correspondingly, prototypical standard languages thus (1) are structurally adequate, (2) function in many domains, (3) are used by speakers of higher classes and with better education, (4) have a known and specific historical origin, (5) have relatively wide geographic use and (6) are communicatively efficacious.12
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_qa3763/is_199709/ai_n8767566 (1045 words)

	Polish language -- Britannica Concise Encyclopedia - The online encyclopedia you can trust!
		West Slavic language belonging to the Lekhitic subgroup and closely related to Czech, Slovak, and the Sorbian languages of eastern Germany; it is spoken by the majority of the present population of Poland.
		The Slavic languages are most closely related to the languages of the Baltic group (Lithuanian, Latvian, and the now-extinct Old Prussian), but they share certain linguistic innovations with the other eastern Indo-European...
		It is the first language in the schools, in the media, and in the marketplace.
	www.britannica.com /ebc/article-9060625 (1000 words)

	LINGUIST List 14.1480: Language Description: Comrie & Corbett (2002)
		Being a comprehensive source on the Slavonic language family, it could primarily be used as a straightforward reference book.
		Chapter 3 (by Schenker) introduces the reconstructed ancestor of the Slavonic languages known as Proto-Slavonic; it bridges the Indo- European language family and its Slavonic branch.
		The final Chapter 18 (by Sussex) deals with Slavonic languages in exile and could thus be of particular interest not only to Slavicists, but to sociolinguists in general.
	www.sfs.nphil.uni-tuebingen.de /linguist/issues/14/14-1480.html (674 words)

	Poland (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		2 Belarusian language, Cassubian language, German language and Ukrainian language are used in five Gmina offices.
		They are, however, not considered to be Official language at state level.
		Polish voters elect a two house Parliament (National Assembly, Polish language Zgromadzenie Narodowe), consisting of a 460 member lower house Sejm and a 100 member Senate (Senate of Poland).
	www.information-resource.net /search/Poland.html (3046 words)

	DARGA genealogy
		To add some weight to this interpretation, Adam Fischer writes in The Cassubian Civilization (1935), that many local group names among the Kashube derive from their type of dress and nicknames.
		Subject to invasions and the steady and relentless pressure to Germanize or Polonise, they have watched their language and culture dwindle away as the other Pomerian cultures had done before them.
		The language forms a transitional dialect between Polish and West Pomeranian.
	www.geocities.com /heartland/ranch/2901 (1243 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		Polish is a Slavic or Slavonic language and belongs to the West Slavic subgroup, which includes Slovak, Czech, Cassubian, Sorbian and Polabian (now extinct).
		The Slavic languages are similar to each other especially in their basic lexicons, phonology, and morphological structure.
		Although Cassubian is sometimes labeled a distinct language, it is considered a dialect within Poland.
	lerc.educ.ubc.ca /lerc/courses/489/worldlang/polish/classification.html (104 words)

	UCLA Language Materials Polish Language Profile (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		Polish is a Slavic--or Slavonic--language and belongs to the West Slavic subgroup, which also includes Czech, Slovak, Cassubian (or Kashubian; spoken in the Baltic coast region in northern Poland), Sorbian (Saxony and Brandenburg, Germany), and Polabian, now extinct.
		The Slavic languages are more similar to each other than are the Romance languages, especially in respect to their basic lexicons, phonologies and morphological structures.
		Nouns which are feminine, masucline, and neuter are declined in four declensions, and adjectives in one.
	www.kashuba.org /Library/PolishLinguistics/polishlinguistics.htm (1115 words)

	who is the most multilingual? (Off topic)
		My grandma used not to remember in what language she had been to school (elementary level): as a young girl, depending on the situation, she would speak Italian, German (because of Austrian empire), Slovenian and both the local Slovenian and Venician-like dialect.
		She was no linguist at all: she just lived in a place where switching between languages was daily life, and later on even a rule of safety.
		As you noticed I do not translate into Croatian, because this language is in process of changing its standard and I must admit that I would not be able to translate into today Croatian standard language.
	www.proz.com /topic/13806?start=30 (1977 words)

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