| | Sample Chapter for Ruiz, T.F.: From Heaven to Earth: The Reordering of Castilian Society, 1150-1350. (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02) |
 | | Gifted Castilians often traveled abroad for their learning (as other Europeans did to Iberia to study Arabic, Jewish, and classical--i.e., Greek--sources); only stirrings of the intellectual ferment and debate that were so central to western Europe's twelfth-century Renaissance reached the land of castles and lions. |
 | | Constant civil wars, a restless nobility seeking to gain control of the throne, a rising mercantile society, and a growing monetary economy served as context and cause for the emergence of new mental attitudes in late twelfth- and early thirteenth-century Castile. |
 | | This new awareness of the physical (as opposed to the jurisdictional) attributes of property transformed the mental landscape of Castilians in the late twelfth and early thirteenth centuries. |
| www.pupress.princeton.edu /chapters/i7636.html (3943 words) |