Castilian Civil War

Castilian Civil War - Factbites
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Topic: Castilian Civil War

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	BATALLA DE ALJUBARROTA
		He claimed the title of King of Portugal (John I), and the war, which had been mainly a civil war between Portugueses, became more and more a war between Portugal& Castile.
		The battle by the Castilian point of view ("Crónicas de los reyes de Castilla", by Pero López de Ayala, a witness of the battle, in Old Castilian).
		Actually, the number of casualties was not too big (54 death in Portuguese field, and probably some hundreds in Castilian side), but the moral effect was crushing: many of the Castilian noblemen were among the casualties, and almost all the Portuguese towns and castles who still supported Beatriz's changed their side.
	es.geocities.com /endovelico2001/med/aljuba.html (798 words)

	BATALLA DE ALJUBARROTA
		He claimed the title of King of Portugal (John I), and the war, which had been mainly a civil war between Portugueses, became more and more a war between Portugal & Castile.
		The battle by the Castilian point of view ("Crónicas de los reyes de Castilla", by Pero López de Ayala, a witness of the battle, in Old Castilian).
		Actually, the number of casualties was not too big (54 death in Portuguese field, and probably some hundreds in Castilian side), but the moral effect was crushing: many of the Castilian noblemen were among the casualties, and almost all the Portuguese towns and castles who still supported Beatriz's changed their side.
	es.geocities.com /endovelico2001/med/aljuba.html (798 words)

	BATALLA DE ALJUBARROTA
		He claimed the title of King of Portugal (John I), and the war, which had been mainly a civil war between Portugueses, became more and more a war between Portugal & Castile.
		The battle by the Castilian point of view ("Crónicas de los reyes de Castilla", by Pero López de Ayala, a witness of the battle, in Old Castilian).
		After the battle, they were the Portuguese the ones who took the offensive role, but with even less success than Castilians previously.
	es.geocities.com /endovelico2001/med/aljuba.html (798 words)

	Salamanca - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		This archive was assembled by the Francoist regime, selectively obtained from the administrative departments of various institutions and organizations during the Spanish Civil War as a repressive instrument used against all sort of opposition groups and individuals: republicans of all signs, unionists, Communists, liberals, Freemasons, Basque and Catalan nationalists, etc. [1]
		Salamanca (population 156,006 (2002)) is a Castilian city in central Spain, the capital of the province of Salamanca in the autonomous community of Castile-Leon.
		In the Peninsular War of the Napoleonic campaigns, the Battle of Salamanca, fought July 22, 1812, was a serious setback for the French, and a mighty setback for Salamanca, whose western quarter was seriously damaged.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Salamanca (798 words)

	Chapter 6: History of Spain and Portugal
		The result was both a civil war and an international war between the Portuguese rebels and the crown of Castile.
		The coastal and urban areas, particularly, opposed the Castilian king, for they feared the imposition of a Castilian-style government which would favor the countryside and the aristocracy.
		The struggle reached its climax in the summer of 1385, after the Castilian forces had been weakened by long campaigning.
	libro.uca.edu /payne1/payne6.htm (798 words)

	Chapter 6: History of Spain and Portugal
		The result was both a civil war and an international war between the Portuguese rebels and the crown of Castile.
		However, he kept Portugal out of war and became perhaps the most popular of all medieval Portuguese kings.
		John of Gaunt, uncle to the English Richard II, had married a daughter of the former Castilian king, Pedro the Cruel, and pressed his own claim to the Castilian throne in opposition to the new Trastamara dynasty.
	libro.uca.edu /payne1/payne6.htm (798 words)

	O¶rodek My¶li Politycznej - The Formation of Spanish Identity and Its Adjustment to the Age of Nations
		Following their marriage in 1474, Isabella's victory in the subsequent Castilian civil war and Ferdinand's accession to the Aragonese throne, the royal couple broadened their dominions with the conquest of Granada-the last Muslim kingdom in the Iberian Peninsula-and Navarre, incorporated by Ferdinand after his second marriage.
		This was a singular occasion on which Liberal and Catholic nationalism coincided in practice, as seen in the enthusiastic unanimous support for the declaration of war by political parties of all allegiances.
		Finally, the anti-Napoleonic war also featured a political-religiously inspired antirevolutionary protest; it is difficult to deny the prevalence of calls to defend the inherited religion against the atheistic invaders, emanating most vehemently from the rural clergy.
	www.omp.org.pl /junco.htm (798 words)

	Untitled Document
		The proximity of Portugal to Castilian affairs became an inconvenience at the outbreak of the Castilian Civil War in March 1475.
		Leonor, wife of Duarte, was also Castilian, even if she was considered to be “Aragonese”, and so were the three successive wives of Manuel I. A very similar panorama is seen in the marriages of the kings of Leon and Castile.
		The birth of Portugal as a kingdom didn’t provoke a confrontation with its 'womb,' the Kingdom of Leon.
	www.brown.edu /Departments/Portuguese_Brazilian_Studies/ejph/html/issue1/html/palenzuela_main.html (798 words)

	Chapter 1: The Mendoza Family in the Spanish Renaissance 1350-1550
		Throughout the Trastámara period, Castilian intellectuals sought new solutions to the inevitable problems of a dynasty which had acquired the throne through civil war and fratricide: they tried to define the nature of the state, to interpret its transformations during their own lifetimes, and to define its proper relationships with the papacy and the empire.
		The major efforts in defining Castile's relationships with the papacy and empire were postponed until the reigns of the Catholic Monarchs and of Charles V, but the task of defining, interpreting, and regularizing Castilian politics and society began immediately upon the accession of the house of Trastámara.
		Loyal adherents of the new dynasty embarked upon a massive propaganda campaign -- in the form of chronicles -- to clothe their revolutionary triumph in credible respectability.
	libro.uca.edu /mendoza/msr1.htm (6860 words)

	Chapter 3: A History of Spain and Portugal
		Navarrese diplomacy encouraged the separation of Castile, and after the death of Ramiro II in 951, rival heirs from successive marriages of the late king plunged León into its first full-fledged civil war.
		The leader who first took effective advantage of this was a royally appointed count of Castile, Fernán González, in an attempt to assert Castilian autonomy during the reign of Ramiro II.
		Though several times defeated, he rallied most of the Castilian population behind him, and during the convulsed generation that followed the death of Ramiro II, established the full autonomy of Castile on terms of virtual independence.
	libro.uca.edu /payne1/payne3.htm (6860 words)

	Afonso IV of Portugal - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Civil war between King Peter I of Castile and his half-brother Henry of Trastamara led to the exile of many Castilian nobles to Portugal.
		The first-born of this union, princess Maria of Portugal, married King Alfonso XI of Castile in 1328, at the same time that Afonso IV's heir, Peter, was promised to another Castilian princess, Constance of Penafiel.
		In 1309, Afonso IV married princess Beatrice, daughter of King Sancho IV of Castile by his wife Maria de Molina.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Afonso_IV_of_Portugal (755 words)

	Search Results for repulse -�Encyclop�dia Britannica
		Confederate Army officer during the American Civil War, known for Pickett's Charge at the Battle of Gettysburg.
		It was the first of two decisive battles in the First Sikh War, 1845–46.
		(October 30, 1340), battle fought by the allied Castilian and Portuguese Christian forces against the Muslim Marinids of North Africa in a final attempt by the latter to invade the Iberian Peninsula.
	www.britannica.com /search?query=repulse&submit=Find&source=MWTEXT (755 words)

	EUH 2000.05 Ch 14 terms
		Wars/Conflicts/Revolts: Fronde, Revolt of the Netherlands, Thirty Years War--Battle of Breitenfield, English Civil War (1642), Castilian Revolt, Cossack Rebellion
		Art/Literature: Nicolas Poussin, The Massacre of the Innocents; Michel de Montaigne, Essays--"On Cannibals"; John Knox, The First Blast of the Trumpet Against the Monstrous Regiment of Women; Hans Von Grimmelshausen, The Adventurous Simplicissimus;
	pegasus.cc.ucf.edu /~adarty/EUH2000-5/ch14warsofreligionterms.html (755 words)

	Units
		Naturally the story ended up with a terrible mess and a civil war that weakened Granada even more.
		Gonzalo Fernández de Córdoba, El Gran Capitán, commander in chief of Castilian armies, is one of the greatest military minds in history.
		Warning: the conquest of the Mulhacén by the Christians could bring much suffering to the people of Granada.
	spanish.apolyton.net /civ2/granada/units.html (408 words)

	European Renaissance and Reformation 1350-1600: Politics, Law, Military History Summary
		Fernandez de Cordoba rose in the favor of Queen Isabella for his service during the civil war and the Portuguese invasion that complicated her succession as queen of Castile in 1474.
		Gonzalo Fernandez de Cordoba was born on 1 September 1453 in Montilla, a city in the province of Cordoba, Spain, into a noble family with a long tradition of military service to the Castilian monarchy.
		He was a combatant in the ten-year war with the Moors that ended with the conquest of Granada in 1492, marking the completion of the Christian reconquista (reconquest) of Spain.
	www.bookrags.com /history/worldhistory/european-renaissance-politics-law-military/sub16.html (267 words)

	Afonso IV of Portugal - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Civil war between King Peter I of Castile and his half-brother Henry of Trastamara led to the exile of many Castilian nobles to Portugal.
		The first-born of this union, princess Maria of Portugal, married King Alfonso XI of Castile in 1328, at the same time that Afonso IV's heir, Peter, was promised to another Castilian princess, Constance of Penafiel.
		Afonso IV was displeased with his son's choice of lovers, and hoped that the relationship would be a futile one.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Afonso_IV_of_Portugal (755 words)

	Europe's 12th-Century Development by Sanderson Beck
		Galician nobility led by Santiago bishop Diego Gelmirez tried to crown Urraca's son Alfonso Raimundez king of Galicia in 1110, resulting in a civil war, complicated by Henriques's fighting to maintain his rule in Portugal.
		In 1125 Gelmirez excommunicated a burgher of Compostela and fought a brief war against Fernando Juanes, a partisan of Teresa.
		Alcantara was saved by the heroic Abbot of Fitero, and the monk Fray Diego Velazquez preached a Castilian crusade.
	www.san.beck.org /AB20-Europe12thCentury.html (755 words)

	Afonso IV of Portugal - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Civil war between King Peter I of Castile and his half-brother Henry of Trastamara led to the exile of many Castilian nobles to Portugal.
		The first-born of this union, princess Maria of Portugal, married King Alfonso XI of Castile in 1328, at the same time that Afonso IV's heir, Peter, was promised to another Castilian princess, Constance of Penafiel.
		Afonso IV was displeased with his son's choice of lovers, and hoped that the relationship would be a futile one.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Alfonso_IV_of_Portugal (755 words)

	ALFONSO XI IN THE HUNDRED YEARS WAR
		A new period of English-Castilian alliance started, only interrupted by the civil war in Castile which ended with Pedro's reign.
		The new king of Castile, Pedro I approved the treaty in Valladolid, while Edward III ordered his authorities to grant protection to Castilian ships and traders.
		During the reign of king Alfonso XI (1312-1350) the colision of interests between France & England gave place to the conflict known later as "Hundred Years War".
	perso.wanadoo.es /ibg3/med/hyw1.html (576 words)

	Afonso IV of Portugal Biography
		Civil war between King Peter I of Castile and his half-brother Henry of Trastamara led to the exile of many Castilian nobles to Portugal.
		The first-born of this union, princess Maria of Portugal, married King Alfonso XI of Castile in 1328, at the same time that Afonso IV's heir, Peter, was promised to another Castilian princess, Constance.
		His rival was sentenced to exile in Castile, and stripped of all the lands and fiefdoms donated by their common father.
	www.biographybase.com /biography/Afonso_IV_of_Portugal.html (711 words)

	Charles of Viana - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The ill-feeling between father and son was increased when in 1447 John took for his second wife Joanna (Juana) Enriquez, a Castilian noblewoman (of a bastard cadet line from Castilian kings), who soon bore him a son, afterwards Ferdinand V, king of Spain, and who regarded her stepson as an interloper.
		When Joanna began to interfere in the internal affairs of Navarre, civil war broke out, and in 1452 Charles, although aided by John II, king of Castile, was defeated and taken prisoner.
		Charles, Prince of Viana, (1421- 1461), sometimes called Charles IV, king of Navarre, was the son of John, afterwards king of Aragon, by his marriage with Blanche, daughter and heiress of Charles, king of Navarre.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Charles_of_Viana (420 words)

	Afonso IV of Portugal - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Civil war between King Peter I of Castile and his half-brother Henry of Trastamara led to the exile of many Castilian nobles to Portugal.
		Peter was openly in love with Ines, recognized all the children she bore, and, worst of all, favoured the Castilians that surrounded her.
		The first-born of this union, princess Maria of Portugal, married King Alfonso XI of Castile in 1328, at the same time that Afonso IV's heir, Peter, was promised to another Castilian princess, Constance of Penafiel.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Afonso_IV_of_Portugal (755 words)

	Afonso IV of Portugal - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Civil war between King Peter I of Castile and his half-brother Henry of Trastamara led to the exile of many Castilian nobles to Portugal.
		The first-born of this union, princess Maria of Portugal, married King Alfonso XI of Castile in 1328, at the same time that Afonso IV's heir, Peter, was promised to another Castilian princess, Constance of Penafiel.
		His rival was sentenced to exile in Castile, and stripped of all the lands and fiefdoms donated by their common father.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Alfonso_IV_of_Portugal (755 words)

	Medieval Sourcebook: A Late-Medieval Spanish Nobleman: Don Juan Pacheco, Master of the Order of Santiago (1419-1474)
		Enrique initially agreed, then withdrew the offer; the magnates proclaimed Alfonso king, and a period of civil war was ended temporarily only by Alfonso's sudden death in 1468.
		Battle between Castilian and Portuguese armies, 14 August 1385, driven by Juan I's claims to the throne of Portugal and determined resistance from the citizens of Lisbon; the Castilian army was crushed.
		He was an astute and very prudent man, and as a youth went to live with the future King Enrique IV of Castile [1454-74] when Enrique was a prince [prince of Asturias], achieving such favor that he was better received than any man in his service.
	www.fordham.edu /halsall/source/1474DonJuanPacheco.html (755 words)

	Peter I
		Charles V sent Henry back to Spain with more French troops and a long civil war ensued.
		From 1356 to 1366 Peter was engaged in a bitter war with Aragon, whose king, Peter IV, supported Henry's cause.
		Peter fled to Gascony and requested English help under the Anglo-Castilian alliance, concluded on June 22, 1362.
	gallery.euroweb.hu /tours/spain/peter1.html (344 words)

	Cartography - Archive 2000 Calendar of Events
		They use the early surveys of the town's origins, rely on Civil War maps a lot due their contours, and also use those contours to project where native American sites would probably have been, so that they can improve their probability of success instead of digging blind.
		New Identities of John Cabot and Christopher Columbus from Administrative Records in Catalan and Castilian Archives
		The library was established with the amalgamation of the national Library of Iceland and the library of the University of Iceland, and opened in a new building on 1 December 1994.
	home.earthlink.net /~docktor/2000.htm (344 words)

	Isabella I. The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. 2001-05
		The civil war ended with Isabella’s victory in 1479, the year in which Ferdinand became king of Aragón.
		Isabella’s principal aim was to assert royal authority over the lawless Castilian nobility.
		She was a prime mover in the expulsion (1492) of the Jews from Spain, the conquest (1492) of Granada, and the forced conversion of the Moors.
	www.bartleby.com /65/is/Isabella1.html (356 words)

	Isabella I. The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. 2001-05
		The civil war ended with Isabella’s victory in 1479, the year in which Ferdinand became king of Aragón.
		Isabella’s principal aim was to assert royal authority over the lawless Castilian nobility.
		At the death (1474) of her half brother Henry IV of Castile, the succession to Castile was contested between Isabella and Juana la Beltraneja, who was supported by Alfonso V of Portugal.
	www.bartleby.com /65/is/Isabella1.html (356 words)

	European Voyages of Exploration: The Portuguese Empire
		The stability of the monarchy was essential to the establishment of sustainable economic growth, thus the stability of the Portuguese monarchy gave the kingdom a seventy-year head start over the Spanish who were distracted by a civil war and the Reconquista of Granada.
		Portugal desperately needed strong leadership to continue to fight off the ambitious Castilian king, and in 1385 the Portuguese Cortes proclaimed the 28-year-old Master of Avis as King João I. With the support of his kingdom and his English allies, the young king soundly defeated the Castilians at Aljubarrota, thereby securing Portugal's independence.
		Portugal was born from this struggle to reconquer Iberia from the Moors.
	www.ucalgary.ca /applied_history/tutor/eurvoya/portuguese.html (1090 words)

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In the News (Sun 5 Jul 09)