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	Spanish Empire - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Castilian Empire was the result of a period of rapid colonial expansion into the New World, as well as the Philippines and colonies in Africa: Melilla was captured by Castile in 1497 and Oran in 1509.
		The war was less of a success than that against Venice, and in 1516, France agreed to a truce that left Milan in her control and recognized Spanish control of Upper Navarre.
		The Habsburg dynasty squandered the American and Castilian riches in wars across Europe for Habsburg interests, defaulted on their debt several times, and left the Spanish people bankrupt (with the tensions between the Empire and the people of Castile exploding in the popular rebellion of the Castilian War of the Communities (1520-1522)).
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Spanish_colony (7707 words)

	NU 2155 -- War in the Sixteenth Century
		No one doubts, however, that there were a lot of significant changes in the way war was fought, and that it had a lot of effect on politics and society, even off the battlefield.
		War always had to be fought on credit, on the nopes the results would justify the expense.
		Though princes hoped for great profit (of some sort) from war, and their captains were subcontractors hoping for a profit from their companies, and common soldiers generally joined for some hope of a better future (sometimes just to avoid starvation), they were all often disappointed.
	www.nipissingu.ca /department/history/MUHLBERGER/2155/WARS.HTM (1245 words)

	Talk:Fuero - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		It is certain that the Lord of the Basques, being him the Castilian king, the Navarrese, or the Bearnese, the Foix, the Valois dinasties in the Navarre case, had to be accepted by the Council, but it has nothing to do with the meaning of the word "fuero".
		Unfortunately the classical Castilian language used in such cites is the more archaic, but it is not necessary to understand it completely, you have enough reading the second one and the last paragraph of the first.
		Anyway, that "editorial war" continued all along the s.XIX and part of the XX, although can be said that it is still Spain main internal debate even today in renewed forms centered in other words but with the same historic-political core.
	www.wikipedia.org /wiki/Talk:Fueros (5277 words)

	Spanish Empire
		In the Late Middle Ages, the Aragonese expansion southwards met with the Castilian advance northward in the provine of Murcia.
		This Castilian Empire was the result of a period of rapid colonial expansion into the New World, as well as the Philippines and colonies in Africa.
		Spain lost her posessions on the mainland of America with the independence movements of the early 19th century, especially with the power vacuum during the Peninsula War; at the end of the century most of the remaining Spanish Empire was lost in the Spanish American War.
	pedia.newsfilter.co.uk /wikipedia/s/sp/spanish_empire.html (918 words)

	Spanishkid Serious Issues - LANGUAGES IN SPAIN
		Castilian is the language of the majority and the official language of the so-called Spanish Kingdom.
		Castilian is spoken all over Spain, but two areas (Castilla-La Mancha and Castilla-León) have Castilian as their only language.
		Castilian (or Spanish) is the official language of the Spanish State.
	www.spanishkid.org /si-languages.html (2118 words)

	Castilian War of the Communities - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Castilian War of the Communities is also known as the Revolt of the Comuneros, and in Spanish as la Guerra de los Comunidades de Castilla.
		It was an uprising by citizens of Castilian communities against the rule of Charles V and his administration.
		The revolt had a distinct Castilian character and was directed against foreigners.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Revolt_of_the_Comuneros (707 words)

	H-Diplo: Stephanson's Fourteen Notes (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-07)
		War is conducted for limited aims and does not, in principle, entail the liquidation of the enemy.
		War, in short, was not the 'total' one of the French revolutionary period but the limited version of yesteryear, professional and regulated according to 'civilized' rules, modelled on the old personal duel.
		War to end all wars (once it had been decided upon) was perfectly legitimate, just as the radical Enlightenment had said all along; and the opposition to such an obviously legitimate aim had to be be eliminated forthwith, or at least not allowed participation in the new normative community of the World.
	coursesa.matrix.msu.edu /~diplo/essays/stephanson.html (9939 words)

	Daughters of the Reconquest: Women in Castilian Town Society, 1100-1300 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-07)
		Castilian townswomen, like most ordinary European women of the [2] twelfth and thirteenth centuries, were inarticulate from the standpoint of literary documentation and remain for the most part anonymous.
		Some communities were populated by and remained under the jurisdiction of nobles and religious corporations, but kings at times intervened in disputes between seignorial lords and their townsmen and helped formulate compromises which these towns incorporated into local practice.
		Castilian townsmen in particular gained prerogatives to adopt new legal principles based on the decisions of local justices and to regulate their internal affairs themselves.
	libro.uca.edu /dillard/drintro.htm (4225 words)

	Public Anthropology
		As other tribes experienced war and disconnection from the whites the Hupa were adapting to their clothing, guns, iron tools, currency, and horses.
		However, things like wars and plagues interfere with this analysis, because people in the family structure may die and the structure will have to be changed to accommodate these untimely deaths.
		In the community of Sakaltutan, recruitment to the elite group is achievement based, which lends a greater mobility to the system of social stratification.
	www.publicanthropology.org /Archive/Aa1968.htm (11599 words)

	SPAIN FACTS AND INFORMATION
		After the War of Independence (1808–1814), a series of revolts and armed conflicts between Liberals and supporters of the ancien_rÃ©gime lasted throughout much of the 19th_century, complicated by a dispute over dynastic succession by the Carlists which led to three civil wars.
		Making things worse were the constant wars defending the world empire against jealous rivals, internal splits and the European wars, especially the Thirty_Years_War and Eighty_Years_War where Spain's energies were constantly drained defending the Habsburg's dynastic and religious interests, including the Counter_Reformation, burdening the people with taxes and military duties.
		Catalan, Galician, Aranese (Occitan) and Spanish (Castilian) are all descended from Latin and have their own dialects, some championed as separate languages by their speakers (the ValenciÃ of ValÃ¨ncia, a dialect of Catalan, is one example).
	www.factagent.com /?req=spain (5506 words)

	History of Spain (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-07)
		In 711 Arabs and Berbers converted to Islam, religion founded in the 7th century by prophet Muhammad, afterdominating all the north of Africa, took advantage of a civil war in the Visigothickingdoms in Iberia, jumped the Strait of Gibraltar, and by718 dominated most of the peninsula.
		Alfonso was an impressive leader as well, and did much to improvehis realm to become one of Christian Europe's foremost monarchies, tolerating Moslems to an extent remarkable for his time.During his reign, El Cid, the 11th-century hero of Spain's epic poem was banished andfound refuge with the Muslim king of Zaragoza.
		(See Castilian War of the Communities) Under his successor Philip II, rising inflation, the expulsion of the Jews and Moors from Spain, and the dependency ofSpain on New World gold and silver combined to cause multiple bankruptcies and economic crashes in Spain.
	www.therfcc.org /history-of-spain-16046.html (3107 words)

	History of Spain - InfoSearchPoint.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-07)
		In 711 Arabs and Berbers converted to Islam, religion founded in the 7th century by prophet Muhammad, after dominating all the north of Africa, took advantage of a civil war in the Visigothic kingdoms in Iberia, jumped the Strait of Gibraltar, and by 718 dominated most of the peninsula.
		(See Castilian War of the Communities) Under his sucessor Philip II, rising inflation, the expulsion of the Jews and Moors from Spain, and the dependency of Spain on New World gold and silver combined to cause multiple bankruptcies and economic crashes in Spain.
		Mistreatment of the Moorish population in Morocco led to an uprising and the loss of all North African possessions except for the enclaves of Ceuta and Melilla in 1921.
	www.infosearchpoint.com /display/History_of_Spain (2069 words)

	Carlos V (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-07)
		Upon arriving toCastile, he had to fight the Castilian War of the Communities against the cities and petty nobles who disliked hisappointment of Flemings for Castilian offices.
		Later in the Italian Wars, in 1527, his troops sacked Rome, causing Charles some embarrassment but enabling him to keep the Pope from annulling the marriageof Henry VIII of England and Catherine of Aragon, who was his aunt.
		In a war supported by Henry VIII of England, in 1525Charles captured François I of France and made him sign the Treaty of Madrid (1526), in which France renounced her claims onNorthern Italy.
	www.therfcc.org /carlos-v-254984.html (834 words)

	Background considerations on the Yugoslav Civil War
		Thus, unlike other cultural communities within the Yugoslav nation, that of orthodox Christians (`Serbs') has been a victim of genocidal slaughter and is entitled to be afraid of a political situation potentially fraught with the return to power of people or groups which, directly or indirectly, are linked with the genocide.
		Foot note 18 Even though it is difficult to apportion the blame with accuracy and neutrality as regards his quarrel with main-stream communism in the late 40s and his later political orientation towards the West, he at least can doubtless be charged with lack of suppleness, of savoir-faire, of diplomacy.
		Of course the community of the species is a different matter altogether -- although even there, there may be morally relevant conflicts, due to the fact that we belong to larger kinds than the human species, and have obligations towards other animals.
	www.eroj.org /biblio/yugoslav/yugoslav.htm (13691 words)

	War of Succession: a Chronology of the Catalan genocide from France and Spain - Stormfront White Nationalist Community (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-07)
		Valencian botiflers despise the new Castilian laws and send representatives to reinstate their ancient laws, they are imprisoned.
		His new wife is "Isabel of Farnese," an ambitious and domineering fat woman who will control the government to provoke wars with the aim of gaining Kingdoms for her sons.
		Then, when wars were lost and its institutions stifled in the early eighteenth century, Catalan virtually ceased to exist as a written language.
	www.stormfront.org /forum/showthread.php?t=135783 (6781 words)

	World War II-Concentration Camps-Holocaust
		He had grown up in a rural community in California where there were no Blacks and (not too unusual in some places) he knew little regarding their situation.
		Castilian vosotros sois (you are, plural) becomes vos soi (you are, singular), for example.
		Shortly after war's end, Pérez was transferred to the 45th Infantry Division, once General George W. Patton's, which had been assigned to guard duty at Dachau, one of the most infamous concentration camps of all.
	www.nuspel.org /Ch3.html (12690 words)

	Introduction, Society Organized for War by James F. Powers (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-07)
		By mid-century, possibly due to the consciousness-arousing Spanish Civil War, this insouciance to Iberian military history changed with the work of Ferdinand Lot, who did include a chapter on the Peninsula in his two-volume study.
		While military history has sometimes been left to pedants and amateurs who write battalion histories and concern themselves overmuch with the details of combat divorced from the individuals who gave their lives to engage in it, the three historians noted above pursue full investigations of warfare in its societal context.
		War simply represents another arena in which humans bring their ambitions, skills and weaknesses to bear upon the pursuit of particular goals.
	libro.uca.edu /socwar/intro.htm (3941 words)

	Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor - Encyclopedia, History, Geography and Biography (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-07)
		Upon arriving in Castile and dismissing the regent Cardinal Cisneros, he had to fight the Castilian War of the Communities against the cities and petty nobles who disliked his appointment of Flemings for Castilian offices.
		In a war supported by Henry VIII of England, in 1525 Charles captured François I of France and forced him to sign the Treaty of Madrid, in which France renounced her claims to northern Italy.
		Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor, Family and nationality, Early life, Wars against France and the Reformation, Wars against the Ottoman Empire, The Council of Trent and other reforms and Abdication and later life.
	www.arikah.net /encyclopedia/Carlos_V (1136 words)

	Fighting the war on terror on the web - Pirate4x4.Com Bulletin Board
		Paradoxically, the very decentralized network of communication that the U.S. security services created out of fear of the Soviet Union now serves the interests of the greatest foe of the West's security services since the end of the Cold War: international terror.
		However, with the enormous growth in the size and use of the network, utopian visions of the promise of the Internet were challenged by the proliferation of pornographic and violent content on the web and by the use of the Internet by extremist organizations of various kinds.
		Communication gear isn't only necessary in competition, it can be beneficial in all different types of activities.
	www.pirate4x4.com /forum/showthread.php?t=260601 (6222 words)

	Encyclopedia: Spanish colony (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-07)
		The Castilian kings, meanwhile, tolerated the Moorish taifa client-kingdom of Granada by exacting tributes of gold, and, in so doing, ensured that gold from the Niger region of Africa entered Europe.
		A few years later no more gold was to be found on the island and all the labor force (slaves) had died, so the colonists moved on to another island to start a new conquest.
		Spain lost her posessions on the mainland of America with the independence movements of the early 19th century, especially with the power vacuum during the Peninsula War; at the end of the century most of the remaining Spanish Empire (Cuba, Philippines, Puerto Rico and Guam) was lost in the Spanish American War in 1898.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Spanish-colony (1470 words)

	OCARM WEB - CITOC - January-February 2000
		In early December I was invited to give a talk to the community at CISA with the theme "Prepare the way of the Lord" and a few days later, together with several members of the General Council we met some leaders of the Sant’Egidio Community in Rome.
		It was during the Advent season of 1983 that the community experienced a fearful trial when a drug addict started to throw stones and left all the window panes of the house broken.
		However, the members of the community do not consider themselves as such nor as a model for other groups, but simply as a group of Christians called by the Spirit to live their Christian vocation according to the Carmelite charism.
	www.ocarm.org /citoc.news/00-01eng.htm (7128 words)

	Daniel Knowlton
		In discussing the effects of the Hundred Years War it is important not to overlook the span of years the war covered: the sheer length of the hostilities forces any meaningful discussion into the realm of generalities and approximations.
		The greatest distinction between the effects of the war on England and its effects on France is that the war was fought almost exclusively on French soil.
		French and Castilian raiding parties ravaged seaside communities at various times during the war; this caused much discontent as the king was seen as uncaring to the plight of those attacked.
	www.english.ucsb.edu /faculty/cpaster/courses/fc/nationmaking.htm (2298 words)

	World War 1 and 2 - H
		In Etruscan and Latin, the sound value /h/ was maintained, but all Romance languages lost the sound — subsequently Romanian borrowed the /h/ phoneme from its neighbouring Slavic languages, Spanish developed a secondary /h/ from F and then lost it again, and Castilian /x/ has developed an [h] allophone in some Spanish-speaking countries.
		It is likely to have originated in the fannish catch phrase “Bheer is the One True Ghod!” from the mid-20th Century.
		More recently, the h infix has become an expected feature of benchmark names (Dhrystone, Rhealstone, etc.); this is probably patterning on the original Whetstone (the name of a laboratory) but influenced by the fannish/counterculture h infix.
	www.worldwardiary.com /history/H (858 words)

	Spain
		The Spanish Civil War was also an example of total war, where the bombing of the Basque town of Guernica by the Luftwaffe foreshadowed episodes of World War II such as the bombing campaign on Britain by the Nazis and the bombing of Dresden by the Allies.
		As the war progressed, the government and the communists were able to leverage their access to Soviet arms to restore government control over the war effort, both through diplomacy and force.
		During the Peninsula War, several assemblies were established by the creole to rule the lands in the name of Ferdinand VII of Spain.
	www.websters-online-dictionary.org /definition/english/Sp/Spain.html (12382 words)

	Flag of Spain - Enpsychlopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-07)
		Ultimately, the flag that was chosen as War Ensign is the direct ancestor of the current flag.
		The purple band on the flag of the Second Spanish Republic is due to the flag of Castile having a purpure variant as well as a red one.
		The royalist flag used red-yellow-red (the red-yellow for Aragon and the red for Castile), while the republican one used red-yellow for Aragon and purpure for the flag of the Castilian Comunero rebels during the Castilian War of the Communities.
	www.grohol.com /psypsych/Flag_of_Spain (580 words)

	Spanish Empire (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-07)
		The Christian kingdoms in the North of what we know as Spain spent the Middle Ages after 722 in an intermittent struggle, known as Reconquista, against the Islamic kingdoms of the South.
		In the Late Middle Ages, the Aragonese expansion southwards had met in Murcia with the Castilian advance.
		After defeating Castilian rebels in the Castilian War of the Communities, he treated Castile as the foundation of his empire.
	www.portaljuice.com /spanish_empire.html (751 words)

	The World Factbook 2004 -- Spain
		Subsequent failure to embrace the mercantile and industrial revolutions caused the country to fall behind Britain, France, and Germany in economic and political power.
		In the second half of the 20th century, Spain has played a catch-up role in the western international community; it joined the EU in 1986.
		Castilian Spanish 74%, Catalan 17%, Galician 7%, Basque 2%
	www.brainyatlas.com /geos/sp.html (1270 words)

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