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Topic: Castilian language

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Castellano

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	Castilian Spanish and the History of Spanish Language
		The term “Castilian Spanish” could be used in three different ways: as the Spanish dialect for the region of Castilla in Spain, as the Spanish spoken in Spain or as the neutral Spanish understood in all Spanish-speaking countries.
		The history of the Spanish language in Spain and the origin of the dialects of Spain begin with the linguistic evolution of Vulgar Latin.
		Castilian Spanish and Andalusian dialects emerged in the Iberian Peninsula (Hispania) during the middle ages.
	www.trustedtranslations.com /castilian_spanish.asp (1347 words)

	spanish language history & dialects in spain -- castilian andalusian (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		The history of the Spanish language and the origin of the dialects of Spain begin with the linguistic evolution of Vulgar Latin.
		Castilian and Andalusian dialects emerged in the Iberian peninsula (Hispania) during the middle ages.The emergence of modern Spanish more or less coincided with the reconquest of Moorish Spain which was completed by Isabella of Castile and Ferdinand of Aragón.
		Spanish is one of the Romance languages in the Italic subfamily of the Indo-European language family, and within Spain, and has two major dialects: Andalusian and Castilian.
	www.alsintl.com /languages/spanish.htm (841 words)

	[No title]
		Castilian is an Ibero-Romance dialect, originating in north-central parts of the Iberian peninsula (Castilla Vieja or Old Castile), on the basis of which developped the Standard Spanish language.
		Castilian arose in the 9th century, when the Basques living in the Cantabrian mountains moved down to occupy the upper river Ebro valley and mixed there with the local Romance population.
		In this context Castilian gradually replaced most of the other Romance languages in the Kingdom (see Asturian, Catalan, Galician) and developped local varieties (dialects), in which elements of those languages were retained as a substratum.
	www.orbilat.com /Languages/Spanish-Castilian/Castilian.htm (972 words)

	U.S.ENGLISH Foundation Official Language Research - Spain: Legislation
		The Highest Language Council of Aragon is established as a County (Departamento) body with the powers in the area of cultural heritage executing its functions with organ and functional autonomy with the aim to guarantee its objectivity and independence.
		Education of the languages of Aragon and their linguistic modalities as well as education in those languages is always based upon voluntary decision of the person and in case of children of his/her parents or tutors.
		Within the co-official zones of the languages and their linguistic modalities, preparatory and elementary education in the languages of Aragon or their linguistic modalities shall be provided to pupils in case of parental or tutors' interest whenever the number of interested parties justifies to do so.
	www.us-english.org /foundation/research/olp/viewLegislation.asp?CID=31&LID=159 (3618 words)

	don Quijote Interviews
		For a language to gain strength as a language of international communication, it must have 4 things: a large number of speakers, a single, coherent system of language, a presence in the new technologies, and wide recognition in the world of international relations and diplomacy.
		Education using a communicative method that starts from the everyday, colloquial, living language ought to be completed with education in some standard norms that help to record the language´s basic system in the mind of the person learning the language.
		The closer these rules learned in class are to the language the student hears in the street or on the radio, or that he reads in the newspaper, the better.
	www.donquijote.org /interview.asp (1019 words)

	Language and Empire
		<6> Nahuatl, the language of the dominant tribe, the Nahua, was made the official language of the empire and was used as a lingua franca for the various languages spoken throughout the empire.
		Language may have been the perfect instrument of empire, but in the case of the Spanish empire, it wasn't the Spanish language that was used as an instrument of communication or control in the early years of the empire.
		Language became the means of establishing authority in the military conquest of the Americas, of justifying the conquest, and of implementing a spiritual conquest.
	www.loyno.edu /history/journal/1995-6/rosa.htm (9282 words)

	Spanishkid Serious Issues - LANGUAGES IN SPAIN
		Castilian is the language of the majority and the official language of the so-called Spanish Kingdom.
		The spoken and written language comes from Latin and in the Middle Ages it was the language of poetry even in Castilian areas and during Franco's dictatorship, unexpectedly, the Galician language continued being the popular and literary language.
		The tendency is that the language is disappearing.
	www.spanishkid.org /si-languages.html (2118 words)

	Kristen Razy Hansen
		According to Vallverdú, it was this moving away from the original dialect that caused "a typical case of diglossia: the H(igh) language was Latin (used as the formal language and in all kinds of written documents), while the L(ow) language was the Romance of the Marca (used by everybody in normal speech)" (15).
		Castilian became known as the language of the upper class and as such, also had the support of the Church.
		The survival of the Catalan language, then, will depend on the will and dedication of its people, as they fight to overcome the conflict that is so much a part of their history.
	linguistics.byu.edu /classes/ling450ch/reports/catalan.htm (2162 words)

	Euromosaic - Galician (Gallego) in Spain
		In preschool education, although the use of Galician as the language of communication is compulsory for native speakers, only about 20% of children in nursery schools actually receive most of their instruction in Galician while 44% are taught partly in Galician.
		The use of Castilian for written notices, on its own or along with Galician, seems to predominate in most of the public services, except in the case of hospital signs, which are mainly in Galician; police stations, on the other hand, are signposted exclusively in Castilian.
		As the almost exclusively oral language of a poor and ageing society, it has not taken root among the young people and in urban society, which has increased in relative importance in the wake of the rural exodus of recent decades.
	www.uoc.edu /euromosaic/web/document/gallec/an/i1/i1.html (3994 words)

	Language Spanish -- Recommendations and Resources (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Linguistically speaking, 'Castilian' means 'Spanish', as it is the medieval Castilian language that spread across Spain and became the national language known virtually always as 'Spanish', in English.
		But in Spanish itself, the term ''castellano'' (Castilian) is often used to refer to the language, at the expense of the term ''español'' (Spanish).
		Not all countries in America use 'castilian' the RAE does not set the standards, but it works with other academic institutions Thewikipedian 23 Mar 2004 :Some of what you say is true, some is not.
	www.becomingapediatrician.com /health/84/language-spanish.html (1065 words)

	Department of Foreign Languages, Salem State College: Jon Aske (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Spanish originated as a small Romance language -- actually a variety of Romance, the term we use for the speech which Latin morphed into in the Roman empire after its fall in the 5th century -- in the north-central area of the Iberian peninsula known as Castile, land of castles, during the middle ages.
		Castilian, the hegemonic form of Romance in Spain and the language of the Castilian conquerors, also became the hegemonic language of their American empire.
		As for the identification of the label Hispanic with the Spanish (Castilian) language, let us not forget that then the label Hispanic, rightly or wrongly, excludes people from Latin American countries in which Spanish is not spoken, such as Brazilians, whose native language is for the most part Portuguese, one of the languages of Hispania.
	www.lrc.salemstate.edu /aske/spanishworld.htm (3611 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		The allocation of the language to vehicular in the first education in Catalonia is made without the Generalitat knows (because it does not want to know) the language habitual the students and without in case or moment some asks the parents for the language in which they must receive his children education.
		On the other hand, article 21,1, arranges that: "the Catalan must be used normally like language to vehicular and of learning in nonuniversity education", recognizing formally in the 21,2 article that: "the children must right to receive the first education in their habitual language, or this the Catalan or the Castilian" and declaring art.
		Consequence of it, is that in the programming of the teaching institutions the possibility is not contemplated of distributing education in Castilian in infantile and primary education because the language to vehicular is the Catalan.
	www.convivenciacivica.org /sentencia/contenidos2.html (1567 words)

	Romance languages of Spain
		Latin is an Indoeuropean language of the Italic group, originally spoken in Latium, a region in the central part of Italy.
		Hispanic Romance languages (except Mozarabic) were born in the North of the Peninsula and extended southwards along with the occupation by Christian kingdoms of lands formerly in hands of the Muslim.
		Castilian is an official language in all Spain, and it is spoken by a great majority of population (though possibly one out of four Spaniards is bilingual).
	www.geocities.com /msanzledesma/rom_i1.htm (1164 words)

	history (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Rioja's focal role in the development of Castilian would be further consolidated by Gonzalo de Berceo, a Riojan churchman who, two centuries after the Glosas were written, became the first known poet to write in Castilian and who was one of the main promoters of the language as a vehicle for culture.
		This language was spoken in the Kingdoms of León and Castilla during the Middle Ages.
		Castilian would eventually become known as Spanish and hence be the common patrimony of all Spaniards.
	www.riojainternet.com /NetWine/prenrioja/ingles/numero10/history.html (708 words)

	Spanish language -- Britannica Concise Encyclopedia - The online encyclopedia you can trust!
		The Castilian dialect, the source of modern standard Spanish, arose in the 9th century in north-central Spain (Old Castile) and spread to central Spain (New Castile) by the 11th century.
		In the late 15th century the kingdoms of Castile, León, and Aragon merged, and Castilian became the official language of all Spain, with Catalan and Galician (effectively a dialect of Portuguese) becoming regional languages and Aragonese and Leonese reduced to a fraction of their original speech areas.
		According to archaeological and historical evidence, the original languages were probably spoken in a small area in the southern Peruvian highlands until about 1450; after that their geographical range was rapidly enlarged by the Inca conquests.
	www.britannica.com /ebc/article-9379227?tocId=9379227&query=Castilian&ct= (863 words)

	LANGRTS
		When Antonio de Nebrija presented his grammar of the Castilian language to Queen Isabella, who wondered what its purpose was, the bishop of Avila wryly observed that "language is the perfect instrument of empire." The Spanish not only promoted their language in their empire in the New World, but at home also.
		It states in the preamble that the French language is the instrument by which the people have articulated their identity, and that the people of the province wish to see the quality and influence of the French language assured.
		It is the language of the legislature, of the courts, and of all statutes.
	www.languageandlaw.org /LANGRTS.HTM (10611 words)

	Spain - ETHNICITY AND LANGUAGE - Government Policies
		While requiring that Castilian be the official language throughout the country, the Constitution also recognizes the possibility that other languages may be "co-official" (an ambiguous term that is taken to mean "having co-equal status with Castilian for governmental purposes") in their respective autonomous communities.
		In other words, not all Basques or Catalans felt themselves to be solely Basque or Catalan, and even those who did possessed varying levels of identification with, and commitment to, their ethnic homeland, depending upon the circumstances of the moment.
		Catalan seemed assured of survival, even if as a subordinate language to Castilian, but Euskera and Galician were spoken by such a small portion of the modern, urbanized population that their fate would probably not be known for another generation.
	countrystudies.us /spain/36.htm (667 words)

	Welcome to Linguaphone Malaysia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		It was the same language which, was to be elevated to the position of official language of the whole Spanish speaking world, namely Castilian Spanish.
		Spanish is the most widely spoken of the Romance languages, both in terms of number of speakers and the number of countries in which it is the dominant language.
		It is the official language of all the South American republics, with the exception of Brazil and Guyana.
	www.lotuslearning.com /lotus_synergy/htm/lispanish.htm (549 words)

	SPANISH LITERATURE
		From Hispania, the word español was derived, which has been in existence since the beginning of Spanish literature in the Castilian language.
		At the beginning of the 16th century, The Catholic kings asserted that Castilian was to be the principal language in Spain.
		The Kingdom of Portugal has existed since the 12th century and the Portuguese language is a variation of medieval Galician-Portuguese.
	www.spanisharts.com /books/literature/literature.htm (565 words)

	Cristobal Colon, de Ibiza y criptojudío - "El Colongate"
		He used Castilian or even unknown characters to write to his brothers Bartolomé and Diego, who like him, were allegedly Genovese.
		It must also be taken into account that, as Las Casas says, “he did not fully grasp the true meaning of Castilian words” a fact which excludes all the lands belonging to the kingdom of Castile as Columbus’s birthplace, without giving us, however, any real clue as to where he might actually have come from.
		In Algiers it was also the language of the lower classes, used between slaves and their masters and also among slaves of different nationalities.
	www.cristobalcolondeibiza.com /eng/eng08.htm (2745 words)

	Chapter 8: Honored Citizens of Barcelona
		Language decisions in the field of literary expression also influenced the preferences of Barcelona's elite.
		Crucial to the elite's adoption of Castilian was the identification of the Catalan vernacular with the "lower" classes.
		Languages made prestigious by their literary weight and/or through association with central political authority triumphed throughout early modern Europe.
	libro.uca.edu /amelang/hcb8.htm (7413 words)

	BUG - Backpackers Guide to Spanish language
		Castilian Spanish, known simply as Spanish outside Spain, is the country's major language.
		It is the first language in most parts of the country including the capital, Madrid and its surrounding region and the historic cities of Andalucía.
		If you are going to take time to learn one of Spain's languages, then this is the one to study as it is one of the world's most widely spoken.
	www.bugeurope.com /essentials/spanish.html (192 words)

	Analysis: Spaniards fight over language - (United Press International) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		On one side is the Royal Spanish Academy, the institution that regulates the language, and is the principal organizer of the Third International Congress of the Spanish Language in Rosario, Argentina, from Nov. 17-20.
		The conference will examine the present state and future of Castilian, and will steal some of the counter-conference's limelight by examining for the first time the relationship between Castilian and the indigenous languages of Latin America that Spain had once suppressed.
		But despite the innovations, Hachen and other critics say the issue is still one of policing development of the language, imposing centralized controls and blocking the input of different styles of expression from different regions.
	www.washtimes.com /upi-breaking/20041025-043213-6481r.htm (704 words)

	This Cultural Route discovers the Cradle of the Castilian Spanish and its evolution. (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		The Spanish language is now the 4th language in the world, spoken by more than 400 million people.
		Back in the 11th century a friar wrote, in the margin of a Latin text, the first written example of Romance Castilian: the text is the famous "Glosas Emilianenses".
		The first faltering words of Castilian Spanish continued in the "Glosas Silenses", a religious poetry about the saint’s life preserved in the Monastery Library.
	www.maravillas.es /rutasculturales/ing/ruta12.html (1351 words)

	Language Browser: Castilian (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		This page contains a list of interesting reports based around the 1 titles in the IMDb with Castilian dialogue.
		The form below allows you to search the database for titles with Castilian dialogue only.
		The A-Z index enables you to browse the titles alphabetically.
	us.imdb.com /Sections/Languages/Castilian (83 words)

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