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	Conwy Castle
		All eight of the castle's towers were individually lit with spotlights, along with sections of the curtain wall and the old suspension bridge.
		Castle and town walls were all built in a frenzied period of activity between 1283-87, a tremendous achievement in which up to 1,500 craftsmen and labourers were involved during peak periods.
		This was the heart of the castle, the area occupied by the private apartments of the king and queen.
	www.castlewales.com /conwy.html (2066 words)

	Castle Defense Architecture
		The medieval castle was used as a weapon unto itself and its defending garrison of soldiers exploited every possible advantage.
		Most castles had unique designs and exploited their natural surroundings, and most Middle Age fortifications used a variety of architecture devices to improve their defense.
		Towers were often the last section of a castle to fall during an attack, and defending garrisons protected them at all cost.
	www.medieval-castles.net /castle_defenses/architecture.htm (491 words)

	Westhove Castle (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		Westhove Castle was probably built in the beginning of the 13th century, between the villages of Domburg and Oostkapelle.
		The castle and the surrounding lands became the property of the Abbey of Middelburg in 1277.
		In 1948 the outside of the castle was repaired followed in 1977 by a thorough restoration of its interiors.
	www.castles.nl /westh/westh.html (275 words)

	THE MIDDLE AGES: THE FORTIFICATION OF THE CASTLE WALLS AND GATES
		he castle walls were the primary barriers between the inhabitants of the castle and marauding armies.
		The towers of the castle walls were also built much higher than those of the town walls.
		Additionally, unlike the towers of the town wall which where in the shape of a semicircle, the towers of both castle walls were completely closed off in a full circle.
	library.thinkquest.org /10949/fief/medcastlegate.html (848 words)

	Life in a Medieval Castle
		The castle family sat on a raised dais of stone or wood at the upper end of the hall, opposite to the entrance, away from drafts and intrusion.
		In the bailey near the kitchen the castle garden was usually planted with fruit trees and vines at one end, and plots of herbs, and flowers - roses, lilies, heliotropes, violets, poppies, daffodils, iris, gladiola.
		n the earliest castles the family slept at the extreme upper end of the hall, beyond the dais, from which the sleeping quarters were typically separated by only a curtain or screen.
	www.castlewales.com /life.html (1824 words)

	Olavinlinna Castle
		The castle served to repel attacks from the east and to guarantee control of the Savo region for the Swedish Crown.
		The medieval castle consists of a main castle with three towers and a bailey with an encircling wall reinforced by towers.
		The stories vary as to why she was put there (as a punishment for cohorting with the enemy soldiers outside the walls or as a protective measure to protect her from the soldiers) but regardless of the reason, she was closed in and died and remains there today.
	www.castles.org /castles/Europe/Scandinavia_Baltic/Finland/olavinlinna.htm (487 words)

	Travels in Scotland : Castles and Towers : Doune Castle
		This iteration of the castle was built as a hunting lodge for Robert Stewart, Duke of Albany, who was the Regent of Scotland from 1396-1420.
		Doune was later used as a hunting seat by James II and a dower house for Mary of Gueldres, Margaret of Denmark, and Margaret Tudor, the consorts of James II,III,IV.
		Finally, the castle was seized by the Jacobites in 1745 and used as a prison.
	www.phouka.com /travel/castles/doune/doune.html (466 words)

	Castle Towers
		Mural towers were towers built into the castle wall.
		Round and D-shaped towers also appeared in the 13th century and had many advantages over square or rectangular ones.
		Towers could also be entirely devoted to sanitary purposes.
	www.castles-of-britain.com /castlezl.htm (306 words)

	Castle Towers (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		On the other hand a round tower can be easily be made from a cardboard tube, but a square tower, will need to be made in much the same way as wall sections.
		The towers should be taller and thicker than the wall sections although they are made in the same way.
		The top of the tower must be flat to provide a platform for your models to stand on when defending the castle.
	www.bretonnia.co.uk /castletower.htm (412 words)

	Olavinlinna Castle
		The castle is located in the swiftly flowing strait of Kyrönsalmi between Lake Haukivesi and Lake Pihlajavesi, near the city of Savonlinna in southeastern Finland.
		The entrance to the castle is across a floating bridge, which can be seen to the far left in the pictures of the exterior.
		The castle served to repel attacks from the east, although none happen, and to guarantee control of the Savo region of Finland for the Swedish Crown.
	www.wathenadesigns.com /Finland/Castles/olavinlinna.html (511 words)

	Grey Towers Castle
		The two impressive mantles of Caen stone are interpretations of a huge Renaissance mantle in the Salle des Gardes of the Francis I wing of the royal Chateau of Blois.
		After the Castle had been finished, it was decided to enlarge this room with the present glass and metal extension onto the south terrace.
		In October 1985, Grey Towers Castle was declared a National Historic Landmark, providing proper recognition of its architectural and historical significance.
	www.dupontcastle.com /castles/greytowe.htm (1552 words)

	Spis Castle
		In fact, the castle at that time began to lose its military function, and in the 18th century the Csáky's began gradually to abandon it moving to the more comfortable manor houses built near by the castle, and some of them on their more distant feuds (Bijacovce, Hodkovce, Kluknov, etc.).
		In the upper castle, the chapel is opened to the public, housing a small museum with collections concerning the castle and its environs, then an interesting collection of arms and armors and an exposition of medieval justice - placed in the rooms of the old chapel.
		In the castle's vicinity is a travertine hill Sivá Brada with a chapel on top of it and a source of mineral water.
	www.slovakheritage.org /Unesco/spiscastle.htm (1950 words)

	Travels in Scotland : Castles and Towers : Dunnottar Castle (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		An early castle on this rocky outcropping was captured by Wallace from the English in 1296, one story relating that he burned 4000 Englishmen during the siege.
		The castle was held for William and Mary in 1689, but the Earl Marischal threw in with the Stewarts during the first Rising in 1715 and it was forfeited.
		A 15th century L-plan tower of four stories and a garret stand in one corner of the quadrangular courtyard.
	www.phouka.com /travel/castles/dunnottar/dunnottar.html (393 words)

	Towers - Castle Quest
		As new techniques for attacking castles were devised, the castle builders had to think up ways of defending themselves.
		A castles is no different from a house, because, as pointed out they were in many cases homes as well (as indeed some still are).
		If new towers were added to an existing structure in the late middle ages, the reason therefore could be that the owner wanted to express his growing power, although there wasn't any need for new fortifications...
	www.castlesontheweb.com /quest/Forum12/HTML/000180.html (552 words)

	Limassol Castle - Towers in Cyprus pictures on Worldisround
		Towers in Cyprus - travel photos - The Medieval Castle of Limassol is situated near the old harbor in the heart of the...
		The Medieval Castle of Limassol is situated near the old harbor in the heart of the historical centre of the city of Limassol.
		The original castle was built by Guy Lusignan in 1193 and was surrendered to the Knights of Jerusalem in1308.
	www.worldisround.com /articles/104528/text.html (427 words)

	Historic Mediaeval Architecture, Durham, England, UK - Raby Castle (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		The approach to the castle is particularly beautiful as its towers and turrets appear and disappear amongst the trees in the 200 acre surrounding parkland with its ornamental lakes and herds of deer.
		On the west front, next to Joan's Tower, is the Nevill Gateway, with its obliquely placed flanking towers and overhead machicolations through which boiling water or oil could be poured on to the heads of attackers.
		The south front, overlooking the Castle lakes, is the most altered of the exterior fronts.
	www.rabycastle.com /castle/exterior.htm (325 words)

	Pembroke Castle
		The gatehouse is in essence a double-towered gate, with one of the towers moved along the curtain wall to clear the oblique entrance approach; its outer part is further defended by a fine semicircular barbican.
		The room in the Henry VII tower, in which tradition states that the future king was born, is a most unlikely birthplace, and is to be hoped that his mother, the widowed Lady Margaret Beaufort, was given more consideration.
		Little survives of the stretch nearer the castle, but further along are some well-preserved sections with crenellations still visible, but blocked by the raising of the walls, when the stair ramps were built along them to give access to the town houses within.
	www.castlewales.com /pembroke.html (1602 words)

	Travels in Scotland : Castles and Towers : Kellie Castle (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		An earlier castle on this site belonged to the Siwards, but the present castle was built by the Oliphants, who held the land from 1360 to 1613, when the 5th Lord Oliphant had to sell the property.
		The L-plan tower now forming the east end of the castle is dated 1573, and bears the initials of Margaret Hay and Laurence, the 4th earl.
		A very large E-plan, it consists of a three story main block with three large square towers that form the arms of the E. The towers are five stories, and two have bartizans.Two smaller stair towers project from the side of the main block.
	www.phouka.com /travel/castles/kellie/kellie.html (330 words)

	Bourscheid Castle in the Luxembourg Ardennes
		Initially, the little square near the tower with its "palas" and chapel was surrounded by a circular wall with at least 4 towers.
		As the circular wall with its 8 towers now offered better protection to the core of the castle, the "palas" in the upper area was increased to a height of at least 10 meters, which corresponds to 4 storeys.
		From that time onward only bailiffs lived in Bourscheid castle, more precisely in the Stolzemburger house, which was rearranged as a residence in 1785, since the "palas" and the chapel in the upper area were threatening to crumble.
	www.luxembourg.co.uk /bourscheid.html (595 words)

	Japanese castles
		The need for castles arouse after the central government's authority had weakened in the 15th century and Japan had fallen into the chaotic era of warring states (sengoku jidai).
		Unlike the earlier castles, they were built in the plains or on small hills in the plains, where they served as a region's administrative and military headquarters, and became the centers of "castle towns".
		Most castle towers have between two to five stories, and there are usually more floors inside than there are stories on the outside.
	www.japan-guide.com /e/e2296.html (508 words)

	Medieval Siege
		The enemy erects wooden towers called belfries, taller than the castle towers, to conceal and enable bow men to shoot arrows down into the castle.
		Inside the castle, the guards would place a pot of water near the castle towers and walls.
		The defenders of the castle are forced to surrender as the castle falls to the enemy.
	www.castles-of-britain.com /castlest.htm (607 words)

	[No title]
		The exterior of the castle is the main emphasis of the attraction.
		The Pierrefonds castle is typical of a medieval gothic castle because it functioned as a protective fortress as well as an elaborate residence.
		The more knowledge that is known about medieval castle, the more apparent it is that his castle is an exaggerated version that is aimed more at expressing the magical and fantastical qualities that modern society associates with the middle ages than at giving a true historical representation of a medieval castle.
	orpheus.ucsd.edu /va11/mason.html (1821 words)

	Medieval Castle Siege
		The defenders were forced to abandon the tower and began preparing for a battle behind the breached wall.
		The ballistae should be in the towers, and cannot move during the battle.
		The ballistae on the castle towers cannot be moved.
	www.juniorgeneral.org /siege/siege2.html (2487 words)

	Medway Council - Rochester Castle (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		The great keep of Rochester Castle towers over the River Medway and by its side, an inseparable twin, the magnificent cathedral shares and dominates the skyline.
		It was on, or close to, the present castle site that the Romans built their first fort to guard the bridge carrying their legions over the river on their way from Dover to London and beyond.
		The castle has had a chequered history, having been three times subjected to siege and was partly demolished in 1215 by King John, who gained entry by undermining the south-west tower, using the fat from 40 pigs to set fire to the pit props.
	www.medway.gov.uk /index/leisure/castles/2493.html (347 words)

	Castle Learning Center
		By providing these castle research pages, we hope to encourage students, writers, and enthusiasts of all ages to explore castles and to stimulate their creativity.
		Often the gatehouse of the castle was the focal point of refuge and attack.
		The castle hall was the all-purpose structure in the castle.
	www.castles-of-britain.com /castle6.htm (654 words)

	Medieval Castle Plans, Towers, Keeps
		There are many drawings which show the true beauty of castle design and the ingenuity of their architects and we plan to include a dedicated drawings section at a future date.
		The largest tower was probably at Caernarvon castle which was 21m in diameter.
		A rectangular tower or keep suffered from the dead ground at its angles which effectively became a blind spot in the defences and laid it open to mining as at Rochester castle.
	www.medieval-castle.com /plans_towers_keeps.htm (275 words)

	Kolossi Castle - Towers in Cyprus pictures on Worldisround
		Towers in Cyprus - travel photos - The Castle of Kolossi was built in 1210 when Kolossi was given by King Hugh I to the...
		The Castle of Kolossi was built in 1210 when Kolossi was given by King Hugh I to the knights of the order of St. John of Jerusalem.
		It is amazing to be in the rooms of the castle and realize that Richard the Lionhearted actually lived in it at one time.
	www.worldisround.com /articles/104432/text.html (324 words)

	Castle Towers
		This unique Town Centre located on Castle Street and ten minutes from the M2 Motorway, appeals to the whole family and offers a shopping, dining and family fun experience in a relaxed and comfortable environment.
		Castle Towers features David Jones and Myer department stores as well as Target, Kmart, Coles, Bi-Lo, Food For Less, Best and Less, The Reject Shop, Lincraft and over 310 irresistible specialty stores including 120 fashion and fashion accessory stores.
		Any time of the day, Castle Towers is the perfect location for everything you need.
	www.castletowers.com.au (222 words)

	Castle Towers
		Castle Towers hosted a very special VIP night on Wednesday 20th September for our customers, to present the latest in fashion and fashion accessories for the season !
		Castle Towers new season fashion magazine was launched on the night - with 40 pages of great looks - pick up a copy from the Castle Towers information desk !
		Castle Towers held our Inaugural Food and Wine Festival from the 12th to the 15th of October.
	www.castletowers.com.au /whats_on/whats_on.cfm?dynID=6 (350 words)

	Castles.org "Castles of the World"
		Reference for castles, palaces and monasteries including: castle tours, medieval architecture, hotels, travel, plans, weddings, castles for sale, souvenirs, books, directory, site of the week, and history of castles.
		Manzanares el Real Castle, combining the solidarity of a large fortress of the low Middle Ages and the elegance of a Renaissance residence, is a proud symbol of one of the most powerful families in Castilla during the XIV and XV centuries, the Mendozas.
		The Palace Castle, which the Duques del Infantado had built during the reign of the Catholic Monarchs, is located near Madrid and set in the breathtaking rocky landscape between La Pedriza and Santillana reservoir.
	www.castles.org (162 words)

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