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Topic: Catacombs of Rome

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	CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Roman Catacombs
		At Rome, during the last half-century, excavations were undertaken in the following catacombs on the outskirts of the city; the catacombs of Thecla and Commodilla on the Via Ostiensis; the catacomb of Domitilla on the Via Ardeatina; those of Callistus, Praetextatus, and Sebastian on the Via Appia; Sts.
		From the New Testament the raising of Lazarus is used as the type of the resurrection from the dead; the miracles of the Saviour, the healing of the blind, the cure of the palsied man, are all taken as proofs of the omnipotent power of the Son of God over sickness and death.
		On many of the sarcophagi, however, especially those belonging to the period of the decline of Rome, the compositions lack a central thought and are arranged either according to the fancy of the sculptor or according to the command and desire of the purchaser.
	www.newadvent.org /cathen/03417b.htm (7307 words)

	Catacombs of Rome - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Catacombs of Rome are ancient Jewish and Christian underground burial places near Rome, Italy.
		The catacomb of Saint Agnes is a small church.
		However, the practice of catacomb burial declined slowly, and the dead were increasingly buried in church cemeteries.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Catacombs_of_Rome (494 words)

	Catacombs - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The original catacombs are a network of underground burial galleries near San Sebastiano fuori le mura, in Rome.
		Catacombs of Malta in the island of Malta
		In Ukraine and Russia, catacomb (used in the local languages' plural katakomby) also refers to the network of abandoned caves and tunnels earlier used to mine stone, especially limestone.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Catacombs (297 words)

	Encyclopedia: Catacombs of Rome (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		The catacombs awaken astonishment on account of the remarkable work of construction which, in the course of three hundred years, the piety of the early Christians and their love for the dead produced.
		At Rome, during the last half-century, excavations were undertaken in the following catacombs on the outskirts of the city; the catacombs of Thecla and Commodilla on the Via Ostiensis; the catacomb of Domitilla on the Via Ardeatina; those of Callistus, Praetextatus, and Sebastian on the Via Appia; Sts.
		On many of the sarcophagi, however, especially those belonging to the period of the decline of Rome, the compositions lack a central thought and are arranged either according to the fancy of the sculptor or according to the command and desire of the purchaser.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Catacombs-of-Rome (1394 words)

	JewishEncyclopedia.com - CATACOMBS: (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Inscription on Gravestone in the Vigna Cimarra at Rome.
		Inscription on a Sarcophagus in the Vigna Cimarra at Rome
		In the case of the large and well-known Catacomb of Domitilla (so called because the noble Domitilla, of the imperial Flavian house, is supposed to be buried there), its Jewish origin depends on the question whether Domitilla was a Jewish or a Christian proselyte.
	www.jewishencyclopedia.com /view.jsp?artid=262&letter=C (2367 words)

	Catacombs - OrthodoxWiki (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Catacomb (from the Greek kata kumbas, meaning "near the low place or ravine") was originally the name of a particular district in Rome, but later referred to subterranean Christian burial places throughout the Roman Empire.
		Catacombs have been discovered in Anatolia, Malta, and North Africa, and in the cities of Naples, Paris, Syracuse, Trier in Germany, and Alexandria, Egypt.
		Small lamps used for lighting the passages and burial sites in the catacombs were decorated with Christian symbols such as the cross, the dove, the Chi-Rho symbol [1], the fish, and loaves.
	orthodoxwiki.org /Catacombs (356 words)

	The Catacombs of Pricilla - The Tomb of Saint Philomena
		The Catacombs of Pricilla - The Tomb of Saint Philomena
		In ancient Rome citizens of rank built for themselves family tombs on the great military roads; the structure above ground (monumentum) was adorned with statues and inscriptions, while the bodies were deposited in stone coffins (sarcophagi) or, when cremated, in funerary urns in a subterranean vault or hypogoeum.
		The freedmen and clients of the noble family to whom the tomb belonged were buried in graves made in the upper stratum of the earth of the area monumenti, or plot of ground or garden in which the tomb stood.
	www.philomena.us /catacombs.asp (7375 words)

	The Virtual Jewish History Tour - Rome
		The Jewish community in Rome is known to be the oldest Jewish community in Europe and also one the oldest continuous Jewish settlements in the world, dating back to 161 B.C.E.
		When Rome was captured by Vandals in 455, spoils of the Jerusalem Temple were taken to Africa.
		During the Reformation, in 1555, Pope Paul IV decreed that all Jews must be segregated into their own quarters (ghettos), and they were forbidden to leave their home during the night, were banned from all but the most strenuous occupations and had to wear a distinctive badge — a yellow hat.
	www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org /jsource/vjw/Rome.html (2360 words)

	The Jewish diaspora: Rome
		In his report, he gives an overview of the life of the Jews in Rome, mentioning that their position had been guaranteed by the emperor Augustus.
		It may be noted, however, that Joshua ben Levi visited Rome during the reign of the emperor Septimius Severus, and may refer to the Porta Capena, which was next to a Jewish quarter.
		Secondly, the use of catacombs was a lot cheaper than the purchase of ground for individual burials (which, by the way, are not unknown).
	www.livius.org /di-dn/diaspora/rome.html (2093 words)

	Visiting the Catacombs of Rome
		The catacombs are the ancient underground cemeteries, used by the Christian and the Jewish communities, above all at Rome.
		The Christian catacombs, which are the most numerous, began in the second century and the excavating continued until the first half of the fifth.
		During the persecutions, in exceptional cases, the catacombs were used as places of momentary refuge for the celebration of the Eucharist.
	www.tours-italy.com /rome/catacombs.htm (606 words)

	Subterranea of Italy: Catacombe Roma - The Catacombs of Rome
		Subterranea of Italy: Catacombe Roma - The Catacombs of Rome
		They also sacked and damaged the catacombs, until at the beginning of the 9th century the Pope ordered to remove the relics of the martyrs and the saints to the city churches.
		Today most catacombs are closed to the public, because of security reasons, to protect those important archeologic sites and in respect to the dead which are buried there.
	www.showcaves.com /english/it/misc/CatacombeRoma.html (1001 words)

	The Jewish Catacombs: the Heritage of the Dead Reconsidered
		For millions of pilgrims and tourists, the ancient catacombs of Rome- intricate labyrinths of burial chambers built roughly between the third and fifth century A.D- represent the rise of Christianity.
		The catacombs are in a remarkable state of preservation and contain the “Kokhim” graves and painted cubicula, distinguished by Judaic motifs such as the seven-branched candelabras, or menorahs, that appear on many grave stones.
		Many of the catacombs of prominent Christians were decorated with wall paintings depicting Christian symbols, such as the fish, lamb, and anchor, or with biblical scenes.
	www.theculturedtraveler.com /Archives/AUG2006/Jerwish_Catacombs.htm (894 words)

	Catacombs In Rome - Rome $U (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		The Christian Catacombs of Rome: outline, history, importance as historical evidence of the life and martyrdom of the early Church.
		The Catacombs of St. Callistus served as the official burial grounds for the first bishops of Rome and the Crypt of the Popes contains the...
		Five Christian catacombs in Rome are regularly open to the public: the catacombs of Priscilla, St. Agnes, St. Callixtus, St. Sebastian, and...
	www.chiphi-zeta.com /catacombs-in-rome.html (358 words)

	Ancient Rome Catacombs (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		All catacombs were outside the walls of the city, as there was a law forbidding the burial of bodies within the precincts of Rome.
		Construction of the early catacombs began in the second century and was used for both memorial services and internment of the dead.
		The Catacombs of St. Callistus served as the official burial grounds for the first bishops of Rome and the Crypt of the Popes contains the tombs of several pontiffs.
	cdsjcl.f2g.net /catacombs.html (257 words)

	"Ancient Mysteries: Who Built the Catacombs?" (Answer Key)
		The catacombs are an elaborate maze of tunnels under __________ that contained nearly five million bodies.
		Catacombs were dug by family members of the deceased.
		Catacomb paintings showing people drinking wine and eating bread may be the origin of _______.
	daphne.palomar.edu /mhudelson/Videos/Catacombs_WA.html (552 words)

	Rome Catacombs Guide Underground in Rome - fitforeurope.com
		The catacombs themselves were believed to be places of worship and, later, hiding places for Christians.
		The catacombs were emptied of their treasures in 800’s when Barbarians ransacked them for their treasures, and Christians salvaged what was left for safe-keeping in Roman churches.
		The catacombs make up a fascinating underground world which is a keyhole into the roots of Christianity and should not be missed on your next trip to Rome.
	www.fitforeurope.com /italy/rome/rome-catacombs.htm (351 words)

	Teaching And Learning About Ancient Rome
		Ancient Rome Project - This 6th-grade project includes learning modules on the army, clothing, medicine and treatment, death and funerals, marriage, childbirth, entering adulthood, gods and goddesses, roman festivals, writing and literature.
		The Christian Catacombs of Rome - Discusses the history, importance as historical evidence of the catacombs and life and martyrdom in the early Christian Church.
		Marriage in Ancient Rome - A short essay considering the institution of marriage and the role of women in the context of larger Roman society.
	www.teach-nology.com /teachers/subject_matter/social_studies/rome (681 words)

	Catacombs of Domitilla, Rome
		Rome - Catacombs of Domitilla; Catacombe di Domitilla
		The Catacombs of Domitilla are among the most impressive of the Roman catacombs, the underground burial-places which were used by pagans as well as Christians (though the more famous and wealthier Romans might prefer to be buried beside one of the great trunk roads leading out of Rome).
		In the Catacombs of Domitilla is the basilica of SS Nereus and Achilleus, an underground church of highly impressive effect with its columns and marble fragments.
	www.planetware.com /rome/catacombs-of-domitilla-i-la-rcdd.htm (202 words)

	A2Z Languages ~ The Catacombs ~ Italy ~ Rome ~ Italian Language School
		The catacombs are ancient underground cemeteries, used by the Christian and the Jewish communities.
		The Christian catacombs, began in the second century and the excavating continued until the first half of the fifth.
		In exceptional cases, the catacombs were used as places of momentary refuge for the celebration of the Eucharist.
	www.a2zlanguages.com /Italy/Rome/rome_catacombe.htm (444 words)

	Did Christians copy Jewish catacombs? - LiveScience - MSNBC.com
		Leonard Rutgers stands in the Jewish Villa Torlonia catacomb, which he and his colleague have determined was begun a century before the oldest Christian catacombs in Rome.
		In addition to the 60 Christian catacombs that have survived in Rome, there are two Jewish catacombs, which are distinguishable by the decorative artwork and inscriptions that were used.
		The fact that the catacombs are all constructed with similar layouts and architecture suggests a common origin. Rutgers and his colleagues have used radiocarbon dating to show that the Jewish Villa Torlonia catacomb was begun in the second century — and perhaps even earlier — making it the oldest known of the Roman catacombs.
	www.msnbc.msn.com /id/8644832 (657 words)

	Catacombs of Rome and Early Martyrs
		The catacombs of Rome were a subterranean burial place for the Christians.
		The Christian religion developed rapidly in Rome and all over the world since the 1st century, owing to its being original and suitable for all mankind; but this was also due to the testimony of fervour, of brotherly love and of charity shown by the Christians towards everybody.
		The Church of Rome and that of Carthage were often in contact.
	www.bibleprobe.com /catacombs.htm (8971 words)

	rome3catacombs (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		"46 martyrs known by name are buried in the catacombs...May your pilgrimage to the catacombs help you to renew your faith and,.......to obtain from God the grace to proclaim it courageously, always and everywhere".
		Giovanni Battista de Rossi, the archaeologist who first explored and studied them, called these Catacombs of St. Callixtus "the Catacombs par excellence, the first cemetery of the Community of Rome, the glorious burial place of the Popes of the 3rd century".
		Over three centuries the catacombs of St. Callixtus covered an area of 90 acres of land, with galleries 12 miles long.
	www.catholic-forum.com /catholicteacher/rome3catacombs.html (464 words)

	Catacombs of Rome Encyclopedia Article, Description, History and Biography @ FolkArtMuseum.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
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	www.folkartmuseum.com /encyclopedia/Catacombs_of_Rome (631 words)

	Christian Catacombs Beyond Rome
		Beyond Rome and its suburbs the most remarkable Christian catacombs are those in the vicinity of Naples.
		The mode of interment, however, is the same as that practiced in Rome, and the loculi and arcosolia differ by little in the two.
		But the most extensive catacombs at Alexandria are those of Egypto-Greek origin, from the largest of which the quarter where it is placed had the name of the Necropolis.
	www.2020site.org /catacombs/beyondrome.html (1017 words)

	Catacombs- Rome, Italy - VirtualTourist.com
		The four less familiar catacombs that are open to the public are: The Catacombs of St. Agnes (via Nomentana, 349; Tel: 39-06-861-0840).
		Their lighting is spectacular, and though you might be disappointed if you expect to see bones, as in Paris, the bones are all gone, but the remnants of the shrines are still there, along with amazing frescoes in some of the burial chambers.
		Catacombs: The Catacombs - The Crypt of the Popes
	www.virtualtourist.com /travel/Europe/Italy/Lazio/Rome-144659/Things_To_Do-Rome-Catacombs-R-2.html (1182 words)

	ipedia.com: Catacombs of Rome Article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		\'Catacombs of Rome ' are ancient Christian burial places in Rome, Italy.
		In the 500s catacombs were used only for martyrs’ memorial services.
		Apparently Goths, Vandals and Lombards that sacked Rome also violated the catacombs, possibly looking for valuables.
	www.ipedia.com /catacombs_of_rome.html (484 words)

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